Industrial Revolution Unit Review (Honors 2020)

Who was the founder of Laissez-Faire?

Adam Smith

What are the main causes of the Industrial Revolution?

Agricultural Revolution Population Growth New Technology

What are the means of production?

All of the resources needed to produce and distribute goods

The essential elements that a nation needs for economic success

Factors of Production - land, labor, capital

A building what housed machine-driven industry

Factory

Where and when did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Great Britain, 1750

Identical machine-made parts

Interchangeable parts

What was David Ricardo's theory known as?

Iron Law of Wages

Who was the founder of Communism?

Karl Marx

The economic theory that was against government involvement in the economy

Laissez-Faire

group that organized themselves against machinery and factories - smashed machines and burned factories

Luddites

The system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items

Mass Production

This group lived in well-furnished homes, dressed and ate well, and worked as inventors, merchants, or artisans

Middle Class

What were the effects of the enclosure movement?

More efficient farming methods, an increase in food supply, less workers were needed which allowed them to move to cities to work in factories

What was the major transition that occurred during the Industrial Revolution?

The transition from rural society based on agriculture to an urban society based on manufacturing

What did Marx believe had to happen in order for society to change and become Communist?

The workers had to rebel and take control of the means of production. They would than share the profits to create an equal society

Why was Laissez-Faire Capitalism favored by industrial leaders?

They believed that the government's involvement in the economy was a threat to economic growth

Why did factory owners support the theories of Malthus and Ricardo?

They both supported paying low wages to their workers

Why did working class parents accept the use of child labor?

They needed their wages to help support the family

How did the use of steam impact the location of factories?

They no longer had to be built by water supplies, located where fuel was available, closer to roads and ports

Why did factory owners prefer to hire women?

They were easier to manage and could be paid less for the same job

How did the middle class view the poor, working class people?

They were lazy and ignorant, it was their own fault

What were the main problems with factory towns and cities?

They were overcrowded, dirty and unsanitary conditions, water and air pollution, disease spread quickly

The movement of people to cities

Urbanization

What is Utopian Socialism? Who was a major supporter of this form?

peaceful, communities where all work and profit are shared, Robert Owen

According to Socialism, who should control the means of production?

the means of production are controlled and operated by the government for the welfare of all people

What are 2 disadvantages of the factory system?

mass production was repetitious, some workers refused to work quickly

System in which workers stay in one place, adding parts as items go by

Assembly Line

The goal of this economic system was to make a profit in the free market

Capitalism

What are the 4 main reasons the Industrial Revolution began in Britain?

Colonial Empire - Raw materials and a market, Government sponsored business, strong navy and merchant fleet, factors of production

A craft occupation performed in the home

Cottage Industry

What are 2 advantages of the factory system?

Increase in production, charge less per item, more people could afford to buy product

Who controls the means of production in a capitalist system?

Individual owners

The process of changing to power-driven machinery

Industrialization

What did Thomas Malthus believe about population?

Population would grow faster than food supply

The goal is to create a better system that would distribute goods according to each person's needs in hopes of ending poverty and injustice.

Socialism

The industry where industrializing started

Textiles

What is scientific socialism?

a form of socialism that called for a violent overthrow of capitalism

What was Malthus theory used to justify?

low wages for workers

Why did the textile industry move to factories?

machines were too large for the cottages

According to Communism, who should control the means of production?

the workers or the government

What is the goal of Communism?

to redistribute the nation's wealth to create a classless soceity