Industrial Revolution Unit Review (Honors 2020)
Who was the founder of Laissez-Faire?
Adam Smith
What are the main causes of the Industrial Revolution?
Agricultural Revolution Population Growth New Technology
What are the means of production?
All of the resources needed to produce and distribute goods
The essential elements that a nation needs for economic success
Factors of Production - land, labor, capital
A building what housed machine-driven industry
Factory
Where and when did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain, 1750
Identical machine-made parts
Interchangeable parts
What was David Ricardo's theory known as?
Iron Law of Wages
Who was the founder of Communism?
Karl Marx
The economic theory that was against government involvement in the economy
Laissez-Faire
group that organized themselves against machinery and factories - smashed machines and burned factories
Luddites
The system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items
Mass Production
This group lived in well-furnished homes, dressed and ate well, and worked as inventors, merchants, or artisans
Middle Class
What were the effects of the enclosure movement?
More efficient farming methods, an increase in food supply, less workers were needed which allowed them to move to cities to work in factories
What was the major transition that occurred during the Industrial Revolution?
The transition from rural society based on agriculture to an urban society based on manufacturing
What did Marx believe had to happen in order for society to change and become Communist?
The workers had to rebel and take control of the means of production. They would than share the profits to create an equal society
Why was Laissez-Faire Capitalism favored by industrial leaders?
They believed that the government's involvement in the economy was a threat to economic growth
Why did factory owners support the theories of Malthus and Ricardo?
They both supported paying low wages to their workers
Why did working class parents accept the use of child labor?
They needed their wages to help support the family
How did the use of steam impact the location of factories?
They no longer had to be built by water supplies, located where fuel was available, closer to roads and ports
Why did factory owners prefer to hire women?
They were easier to manage and could be paid less for the same job
How did the middle class view the poor, working class people?
They were lazy and ignorant, it was their own fault
What were the main problems with factory towns and cities?
They were overcrowded, dirty and unsanitary conditions, water and air pollution, disease spread quickly
The movement of people to cities
Urbanization
What is Utopian Socialism? Who was a major supporter of this form?
peaceful, communities where all work and profit are shared, Robert Owen
According to Socialism, who should control the means of production?
the means of production are controlled and operated by the government for the welfare of all people
What are 2 disadvantages of the factory system?
mass production was repetitious, some workers refused to work quickly
System in which workers stay in one place, adding parts as items go by
Assembly Line
The goal of this economic system was to make a profit in the free market
Capitalism
What are the 4 main reasons the Industrial Revolution began in Britain?
Colonial Empire - Raw materials and a market, Government sponsored business, strong navy and merchant fleet, factors of production
A craft occupation performed in the home
Cottage Industry
What are 2 advantages of the factory system?
Increase in production, charge less per item, more people could afford to buy product
Who controls the means of production in a capitalist system?
Individual owners
The process of changing to power-driven machinery
Industrialization
What did Thomas Malthus believe about population?
Population would grow faster than food supply
The goal is to create a better system that would distribute goods according to each person's needs in hopes of ending poverty and injustice.
Socialism
The industry where industrializing started
Textiles
What is scientific socialism?
a form of socialism that called for a violent overthrow of capitalism
What was Malthus theory used to justify?
low wages for workers
Why did the textile industry move to factories?
machines were too large for the cottages
According to Communism, who should control the means of production?
the workers or the government
What is the goal of Communism?
to redistribute the nation's wealth to create a classless soceity