Industry 4.0
what is the first industrial revolution?
(late 1700s to early 1800s) introduction of mechanical production equipment driven by water and steam power
what is the second industrial revolution?
(late 1800s to early/mid 1900s) mass production achieved by division of labor concept and use of electrical energy
what is the third industrial revolution?
(mid 1900s to early 2000s) use of electronics and IT to further automate production
What are the 6 Vs of big data?
- volume (amount) - variety (formats) - velocity (performance) - value - veracity (accuracy/quality) - volatility (storage)
what are the barriers to AI adoption?
1) mismatch between AI capabilities and operational needs 2) absence of strategic approach and leadership communication 3) insufficient skills 4) data availability and data hierarchy 5) lack of explainable AI models 6) significant customization efforts
what are the 9 technologies transforming industrial production?
IoT, Integration, Automation, Cyber Security, Additive Manufacturing, Simulation, The Cloud, Augmented Reality, Big Data
what is a key enabling technique of the Internet of Things?
RFID
Siemens smart factory example
Siemens has 1200 different products and 17 million components produced per year; only 10 defects per million with 99% reliability rate and 100% traceability on its lines
What is the goal of industry 4.0?
Smart factory, which is characterized by adaptability, resource efficiency, ergonomics, and integration of customers and business partners in business and value processes
what is computer vision?
a branch of AI that deals with how computers can be made to gain high level understanding from videos or digital images
What is industry 4.0?
a high-tech strategy of the German government that promotes computerization of traditional industries, such as manufacturing
What is a digital twin?
a type of cyber-physical system in which a physical component has an identical computer/digital version
What does a smart factory encompass:
all business layers in the industrial value chain including consumers with IoT environment
what are the 5 characteristics of the smart factory?
connected, optimized, transparent, proactive, agile
How does RFID compare to alternatives?
contactless, wireless powered, non-line-of-sight, read- and writeable, lightweight
What can generative design do?
create thousands of design options with various input parameters to reduce the number of physical experiments
what is the technological basis of industry 4.0?
cyber-physical systems and Internet of Things
What can the Internet of Things do?
driver smarter operations, accelerate productivity, increase efficiency, lower costs, increase responsiveness to customers
potential applications of AI in manufacturing
energy management, supply chains, production process, quality, maintenance
what is industry 5.0?
focused on the co-operation between humans and machine and sustainability
advantages of machine learning
identifies trends and patterns easily, automation, continuous improvement, predictive maintenance
Digital twins enable:
improved operations, increased efficiency, diagnosing a problem before it happens
what is artificial intelligence?
intelligence demonstrated by machines/a machine's ability to mimic "cognitive" functions of humans
What do smart sensors do?
not only sense and collect data, but also provide feedback/advice
what are the two core phases for developing a digital twin?
offline training and online anomaly detection
what are the impacts of IOT on manufacturing?
predictive maintenance, supply chain visibility, cross-facility operations analysis, automation, safety
What is data analytics?
process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making
what are the 3 key digital twins?
product, production, performance
Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition Outputs
reduction in: - cost of implementing modeling and simulation - safety incidents - cycle times - water usage improvement in: - energy efficiency - overall operating efficiency - time to market in target industries
Examples of smart machines/tools?
smart elevator & smart wrench
supervised vs unsupervised learning
supervised: data is labelled, feedback mechanism, data classified based on training set, used for prediction, known number of classes, regression & classification unsupervised: unlabeled data, no feedback mechanism, assigns properties of given data for classification, used for analysis, unknown number of classes, clustering & association
IoT examples
telemedicine (heart rate sensor, cell phone, internet, clinician) & nike (shoe sensor, ipod, data sent to nike)
What is the Internet of Things?
the network of physical objects that contain embedded technology to communicate and interact with their internal states or external environment
disadvantages of machine learning
time and resources, interpretation of results, data acquisition
What are the 8 value drivers behind industry 4.0?
time to market, supply/demand match, aftersales, processes & resources, quality, labor, inventory, asset utilization
what is the goal of machine learning?
understand the structure of data and fit the data into models that can be understood and used by people
what is an example of acoustic monitoring?
using sound sensors or vibrations to assess the state of machinery of dull cutting tips
What is RFID?
wireless use of electomagnetic fields to transfer data for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects
