INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
How should an infant be weaned from breast or bottle? when should this be done?
*during the day time* you should take one bottle/breastfeeding a day and replace it with a cup. (You gradually extinguish their need for breast milk/formula) Starting at 6 months
An infant should be able to perform a pincer grasp by _____
10 months
The infant should be able to move from prone to sitting position by ____
10 months
Words begin to hold meaning by ___
10-11 months
What is the best juice type for an infant?
100% white grape juice
An infant should be able to remove objects from a container by ___
11 months
An infant should be able to walk with assistance by ___
11 months
An infant should be able to build a tower of two blocks by ____
12 months
An infant should be able to walk alone by ___
12 months
By ____ months, an infant should be able to say 3-5 words WITH meaning
12 months
If a baby is formula fed, you should continue to give formula until ___
12 months (NO COW'S MILK)
The anterior fontanel closes at ____ The posterior fontanel closes at _____
12-18 months 2-3 months
Head lagging should begin to subside by ____
2 months
The ability to grasp objects begins by _____
2-3 months
What is the normal RR for an infant?
30
How long will it take an adverse reaction to the MMR vaccine to manifest itself?
30-60 days
No infant/child should have more than _____ oz. of juice a day
4-6
When does an infant start to make pancreatic enzymes?
4-6 months
Separation anxiety develop around ___
4-8 months
The infant should be able to roll over from belly to back by ____
5-6 months
By 12 months of age, an infant should have how many teeth?
6
An infant develops the ability to shiver and at ____ months should have a regulated temperature.
6 months
Juice should not be given to an infant until ____
6 months
An infant doubles their birth weight by ____ and triples their birth weight by _____
6 months 1 year
An infant should know their mother and should be firmly attached to her by
6-12 months
What is the normal age for crawling (commando crawling with belly on the floor)?
6-7 months
An infant should have _____ to _____ teeth by the end of the first year.
6-8
Stranger anxiety is common around ___
6-8 months
An infant should be able to transfer objects by ____
7 months
An infant should have developed object permanence by age ____
7 months
The infant should be able to sit by ___
7 months
An infant doesn't have fully develops depth perception until 2-3 years, but they begin to develop it around ____ , when the _______ reflex is initiated.
7-9 months parachute
What is a normal HR for an infant?
70-120 (at rest)
An infant can sit unsupported by ____
8 months
An infant should be able to use simple sounds by ___
8 months
What is a normal BP for an infant?
80/40
What is the normal creeping age (crawling without belly on floor)?
9 months
When can baby food be introduced?
After 6 months
Why does an infant sometimes become physiologically anemic?
Because at around 5 months be fetal RBC's begin to die off, and the fetal HGB is turning into adult HGB.
Why does an infant drool?
Because they are unable to keep up with the saliva production by swallowing
Why is an infant only breastfed/bottle fed?
Because they lack the enzymes to digest food until 4-6 months old
What toy is best for a 6 month old? Why?
Blocks They are interactive
What should be the first food introduced around 4-6 months?
Iron fortified rice cereal
What are pros of a pacifier?
It calms the child It can be taken away when the time is right It can decrease the risk for SIDS
What is the concept of graduated extinction?
Laying the baby in the crib ... letting baby cry for a few minutes, then come in and reassure baby .... repeat process, each time allowing the baby to cry longer before coming in (allows the baby to sooth itself)
What vaccine is given sub Q?
MMR
Is thumb sucking a good idea?
NO
Does teething normally cause fever, diarrhea, or vomiting?
NO, the child is sick
Infants do not need foot wear until ____
They are walking
If an infant does not develop trust within the first few months of life, what will happen?
They will grow up with a basic sense of mistrust
For the first 6 months, infants lack the ability to concentrate urine. What does this mean?
They will urinate frequently, and the specific gravity will be very low
Why should only one new food be introduced per week?
To evaluate the child's allergy response to that food
How should a parent clean their infant's teeth?
Wash the teeth with a cool wet washcloth
When is an infant more at risk for infection?
When the maternal antibodies leave the baby's system
Is an infant's hearing as developed as an adult?
YES
Is it normal for an infant to sometimes have an irregular heartrate?
YES
Should you always put the baby to bed awake?
YES
If a child is still experiencing head lag by 6 months what should be done?
a neurological assessment
Reactive attachment disorder develops due to ____
an infant never developing a basic sense of trust, and are unable to attach to a specific person (manipulating everyone to get needs met)
When should iron supplementation begin for an infant? when should it be given and how?
at 4 months between meals via a dropper
When should fluoride treatments begin?
at 6 months, when the primary teeth erupt
An infant should have the ability to open their hands (not stay tight fisted) by -
at least 5 months
What type of breather is an infant?
belly breather
What should be the only form of nutrition for the first 6 months of life?
breast milk (with vitamin D fortification) or formula
What can cause a diaper rash?
change in diet not changing a dirty diaper
The first form of communication an infant uses is
crying
In the first 3-4 months, what is the most important social activity for an infant?
food intake
An infant not pulling up to stand by 12 months is a sign of ____
hip dysplasia
What should a nurse teach the parents about iron supplementation?
may turn stool black/tarry do not give with milk products may cause constipation may stain teeth
What is the last food type you should introduce to an infant?
meat
What are some treatments for a diaper rash?
mild soaps/unscented wipes dry the baby's bottom before putting a new diaper back on use barrier creams (zinc oxide) change diaper frequently keep a diaper rash exposed to air (keep a diaper off when you can)
How can you prevent dental carried in an infant?
not propping bottles not laying an infant down with a bottle not putting juice in a bottle
What are some foods that should NOT be given to a child under the age of 1?
peanut butter honey wheat products cows milk eggs citrus
An infant from 1-4 months is considered to be in the ___ stage of the sensorimotor phase?
primary circular reactions (Doing/liking the same thing over and over)
At 7 months, an infant will interact by?
reach out / grasping
An infant from birth to 1 month is considered to be in the ____ stage of the sensorimotor phase?
reflex stage
A serious adverse reaction to a vaccine is usually seen ____
right away
An infant from 4-8 months is considered to be in the ___ stage of the sensorimotor phase?
secondary circular reactions (They realize certain actions illicit a certain response)
What is an infant's cognitive development phase?
sensorimotor
A typical 3-4 month old should ____
sleep through the night (at least 9 hours at a time)
What type of play do infants experience?
solitary play
What are some common reaction to immunizations?
tenderness at injection site low grade fever swelling at injection site irritability in infants
What is the last feeding that is taken away?
the bed time feeding
An infant should be vaccinated unless ____
they have a mild to moderate illness immunocompromed patients should not get a live vaccine (*MMR*)
What is the Erikson's stage for an infant?
trust vs mistrust
How should juice be given to an infant?
via a sippy cup