Infection control Chapter 24 (FUN)

Surgical asepsis is defined as: absence of all virulent microorganisms. absence of all microorganisms. slowed growth of microorganisms. use of hand washing, gowning, and gloving.

absence of all microorganisms.

Which client would require a negative flow room? a 21-year-old man with latent tuberculosis who is postoperative following repair of a femoral fracture a 4-year-old boy with meningitis an 81-year-old man with active tuberculosis and a productive cough a 3-year-old with influenza A and a productive cough

an 81-year-old man with active tuberculosis and a productive cough

A client suffers from bloody diarrhea after eating contaminated food at a local restaurant. The client has been infected with a(an): bacteria. virus. fungi. protozoa.

bacteria.

The nurse is caring for a client with acute viral conjunctivitis. Which precautions will the nurse begin? airborne droplet contact none

contact

Which personal protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse don to enter the room of a client who is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile? goggles and gloves respirator mask and gown gown and gloves mask and shoe covers

gown and gloves

A client comes to the emergency department reporting becoming very ill after consuming shrimp and lobster. How will the nurse document this condition? contagious disease infectious disease communicable disease noncommunicable disease

noncommunicable disease

The nurse has admitted a client on airborne precautions onto the medical-surgical unit. When the client asks, "When will these airborne precautions be removed?" what is the appropriate nursing response? "Until you leave the hospital." "When your sputum culture is negative." "For 2 days as you get settled onto the unit." "Only until you begin to feel better."

"When your sputum culture is negative."

When preparing to take a client's blood pressure, the nurse notes that the sphygmomanometer is visibly soiled. What is the correct action by the nurse? Discard the sphygmomanometer in the trash. Cleanse and disinfect the sphygmomanometer. Send the sphygmomanometer for sterilization. Use the sphygmomanometer.

Cleanse and disinfect the sphygmomanometer.

The nurse is inserting an indwelling catheter. What steps will the nurse distinguish as priority in preventing an infection? Create an area for sterile field and opening packages Place water-soluble lubricant on catheter tip prior to insertion Wash the perineal area with soap and water Ensure opening port of the catheter is closed

Create an area for sterile field and opening packages

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with influenza and acute otitis media. Which is the most effective action the nurse can teach the client's family to prevent the spread of infection? Hand hygiene Proper waste disposal Contact precautions Airborne precautions

Hand hygiene

The nurse must assign a room for a client admitted with endocarditis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the blood. A client with which diagnosis can share a room with this client? Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and urinary tract infection Clostridium difficile and colitis Coronary artery bypass grafting MRSA in the wound

MRSA in the wound (patients have the same infections)

Nurses working in bed management are assigning clients from the emergency room to semiprivate rooms. Clients with which two diagnoses are appropriate to room together, based on safety and infection control standards? Clostridium difficile and diabetic ketoacidosis Reactive airway disease and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) Tuberculosis and pneumonia Appendectomy and a draining leg ulcer positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Reactive airway disease and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) (they are not communicable diseases)

What is an accurate guideline for the use of PPE? Put on PPE after entering the client's room. Substitute personal glasses for protective eyewear, if desired. Replace gloves if they are visibly soiled. When wearing gloves, work from "dirty" areas to "clean" ones.

Replace gloves if they are visibly soiled.

A nurse is inserting a client's urinary catheter and notices a hole in one of the sterile gloves and that his hands are soiled. What would be the most appropriate action to take in order to maintain a sterile field? Finish the procedure and perform handwashing immediately afterward. Finish the procedure, remove damaged glove, and open new sterile gloves. Stop the procedure, remove damaged glove, and open new sterile gloves. Stop the procedure, remove damaged glove, perform handwashing, and open new sterile gloves.

Stop the procedure, remove damaged glove, perform handwashing, and open new sterile gloves.

The student nurse asks the nursing instructor to explain why stress can increase the risk of infection. The instructor explains: Stress causes the body to increase insulin production and the resulting hypoglycemia predisposes the patient to infection. Stress is not considered a risk for infection. Stress causes the body to release cortisol, which can increase the risk of infection. Cortisol decreases the level of serum glucose, leading to infection.

Stress causes the body to release cortisol, which can increase the risk of infection.

The nurse planning to insert an indwelling urinary catheter into a client should utilize which technique? Surgical asepsis Medical asepsis Universal precautions Contact precautions

Surgical asepsis

A client has tested positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after being swabbed on admission to the hospital. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an example of: Means of transmission Spore production Aerobic activity Survival adaptation

Survival adaptation

A client is diagnosed with hepatitis C. What statement made by the client indicates that further education is required regarding the transmission of the virus? "I can't transmit the virus other people if I shake their hands." "I probably got the virus when I sat on the toilet seat in a dirty bathroom." "I received a blood transfusion in 1989, which could be a factor in contracting the disease." "I may have gotten the virus when I got a tattoo while I was in prison."

"I probably got the virus when I sat on the toilet seat in a dirty bathroom."

Several family members are visiting a client with an antibiotic-resistant infection who has been placed on contact precautions. When the nurse teaches the visitors about wearing gloves and gowns, a family member states, "I don't want to wear those. I can't catch anything just by holding my loved one's hand." What is the best response to educate the family about infection transmission? "I understand; wearing these items is not pleasant but it really isn't optional." "If you don't come into contact with anything with your body, you may wear gloves only, as long as you wash your hands after removing the gloves." "These barriers help prevent the transmission of infection to you or other people." "Wearing the gloves and gown prevents sharing additional microorganisms with the client."

"These barriers help prevent the transmission of infection to you or other people."

A nurse is preparing an operating room theatre for a surgical procedure. Which point regarding the principles of surgical asepsis should the nurse keep in mind when preparing sterilized surgical instruments? When a sterile item touches something that is not sterile, it may not be contaminated. Any partially uncovered sterile package need not be considered contaminated. A commercially packaged surgical item is not considered sterile if past expiration date. Sterility may not be preserved even when one sterile item touches another sterile item.

A commercially packaged surgical item is not considered sterile if past expiration date.

Which client presents the most significant risk factors for the development of Clostridium difficile infection? An 81-year-old client who has been receiving multiple antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis A 30-year-old client who has recently contracted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after engaging in high-risk sexual behavior A 44-year-old client who is paralyzed and whose coccyx ulcer has required a skin graft A client with renal failure who receives hemodialysis three times weekly

An 81-year-old client who has been receiving multiple antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with tuberculosis (TB). What would be the best action by the nurse? Wear a protective gown and gloves with any direct contact. Apply a nonparticulate (N-95) respirator when entering the room. Have the client wear a mask during care. Wear a mask with face shield during invasive procedures.

Apply a nonparticulate (N-95) respirator when entering the room.

A nurse has finished providing care for a client who is on contact precautions. When removing the protective gown, the nurse should take which action? Avoid touching the outer surfaces of the gown. Remove the gown before removing gloves. Remove the gown immediately after exiting the room. Perform hand hygiene before removing the gown.

Avoid touching the outer surfaces of the gown.

A nurse is providing care to a client diagnosed with impetigo. The nurse would institute which type of infection control? Airborne precautions Droplet precautions Contact precautions Protective isolation

Contact precautions

The nurse is preparing a sterile field for a bedside procedure. During preparation, the client reaches over the field for the water pitcher. What would be the best action by the nurse? Discard the supplies and field and prepare a new sterile field. Educate the client on sterile fields and continue preparing for the procedure. Give the client the water pitcher and continue preparation. Remove the supplies from the field and replace with new supplies.

Discard the supplies and field and prepare a new sterile field.

The client is concerned about "catching the flu." What primary information can the nurse teach the client to best prevent the spread of infection? Hand hygiene Good nutrition and getting enough rest Avoid crowded areas and people who have the flu How to properly wear a mask during flu season

Hand hygiene

An experienced nurse is teaching a student nurse about the proper use of hand hygiene. Which guideline should the nurse provide to the student? The use of gloves eliminates the need for hand hygiene. The use of hand hygiene eliminates the need for gloves. Hand hygiene is needed after contact with objects near the client. Hand lotions should not be used after hand hygiene.

Hand hygiene is needed after contact with objects near the client.

A nurse is implementing the principles of surgical asepsis while inserting a client's indwelling urinary catheter. Which action should the nurse perform? Hold sterile objects above waist level to prevent accidental contamination. Consider the outside of the sterile package to be partially sterile. Consider the outer 3-in edge of a sterile field to be contaminated. Open sterile packages so that the first edge of the wrapper is directed toward you.

Hold sterile objects above waist level to prevent accidental contamination.

The nurse is caring for a client who has active tuberculosis and is under airborne precautions. The health care provider prescribes a computed tomography (CT) examination of the chest. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? Place a surgical mask on the client and transport to the CT department at the specified time. Notify the CT department in advance so other clients and staff can be removed from the area. Question the need for the examination, because the client must remain under airborne precautions. Request that the examination be done at the bedside.

Place a surgical mask on the client and transport to the CT department at the specified time.

The nurse uses a small amount of sterile solution from a large, multiuse bottle to moisten gauze in a sterile field. What technique does the nurse use? Pour the liquid onto gauze on the sterile field until the gauze is moist. Pour the liquid into the cap of the bottle and dip the gauze as needed. Pour the liquid into a sterile container within the sterile field. Pour the liquid into the palm of a sterile gloved hand for use.

Pour the liquid into a sterile container within the sterile field. (The solution container should be held outside the edge of the sterile field and poured steadily from a height of 4 to 6 inches into a sterile container previously added to the sterile field and positioned at the side of the sterile field. This assures minimal splashing, as moisture contaminates the sterile field, and maintains sterility of the bottle and solution.)

The nurse is teaching a new nurse about preparing a sterile field. Which action made by the new nurse would indicate further teaching is required? The new nurse touches 1.5 in (4 cm) from the outer edges. The sterile field is set up at waist level. Direct visualization of the sterile field is maintained. The top flap of the package is opened away from the new nurse's body.

The new nurse touches 1.5 in (4 cm) from the outer edges. (only 1 inch is safe to touch)

A nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which nursing intervention promotes infection control based on nursing practice standards for safety? The nurse places the client in a private room with the door open. The nurse uses droplet precautions when providing care for the client. The nurse keeps visitors 3 feet away from the infected person. The nurse places the client in a private room with monitored negative air pressure.

The nurse places the client in a private room with monitored negative air pressure.

The nurse conducting a hand hygiene in-service determines that the participants need additional education when they state that the use of an alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate in which situation? After completing a wound dressing Before direct contact with clients After direct contact with clients When hands are visibly soiled

When hands are visibly soiled

The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for assigned clients. Which client has the highest risk for developing an infection? an older adult client with a history of heart failure a school-age child who is current with immunizations an adolescent who has a right radial fracture a middle-aged adult who takes prescribed medication to control blood pressure

an older adult client with a history of heart failure

Which clients are at a heightened risk for infection? Select all that apply. client with hypothermia client with gastric tube feeding client with an indwelling catheter client with an IV catheter client with hypertension

client with gastric tube feeding client with an indwelling catheter client with an IV catheter

A client on a surgical unit has developed an infection at the site of a diagnostic laparoscopy. This type of infection is best termed as: iatrogenic. endogenous. exogenous. antibiotic resistant.

iatrogenic. (An infection is referred to as iatrogenic when it results from a treatment or diagnostic procedure. There is not enough information to determine if the infection was exogenous (causative organism is acquired from other people) or endogenous (causative organism comes from microbial life harbored in the person). An antibiotic-resistant organism is an organism against which most common antibiotics are ineffective.)

The nurse is caring for a client who became very ill after ingesting seafood. How will the nurse document this condition? infectious disease communicable disease noncommunicable disease contagious disease

noncommunicable disease

The nurse who is caring for a client in contact isolation is preparing to conduct an assessment. Which stethoscope will the nurse choose to auscultate the client's bowel sounds? one that remains in the client's room one that is the nurse's personal stethoscope one that remains directly outside the client's room one that the client has personally purchased for use

one that remains in the client's room

Any microorganism capable of disrupting normal physiologic body processes is a: bacterium. fomite. pathogen. virus.

pathogen.

A nurse is working with a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This nurse has another client that day who has an upper respiratory infection. What is the most important thing the nurse can do to prevent the client with HIV from acquiring the upper respiratory infection? wear gloves when touching the client wear a mask and gown in the client's room avoid direct contact with the client perform hand hygiene before and after entering the client's room

perform hand hygiene before and after entering the client's room

The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) collecting a urine specimen from a client with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Which action by the UAP would require the nurse to intervene? removes gloves and walks out of the room asks the client to state name and date of birth applies a mask with face shield performs hand hygiene before donning gloves

removes gloves and walks out of the room

The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) collecting a urine specimen from a client with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Which action by the UAP would require the nurse to intervene? removes gloves and walks out of the room asks the client to state name and date of birth applies a mask with face shield performs hand hygiene before donning gloves

removes gloves and walks out of the room (needs to provide hang hygiene first)

When the client who has been diagnosed with hepatitis B has been hospitalized, the type of isolation the nursing staff should observe is: droplet precautions. standard precautions. contact precautions. airborne precautions.

standard precautions (spread through bodily fluids)

The nurse is caring for assigned clients who are all stable. Which client should the nurse see first to minimize the spread of infection? the client who is 48-hours postsurgical procedure the client admitted with a rash who reports recent exposure to measles the client admitted with diarrhea who tested positive for Escherichia coli (E. coli) the client placed in contact isolation who was admitted with a draining abdominal wound

the client who is 48-hours postsurgical procedure (start with the patient that has no signs of infections first, clean patients to dirty patients)

A nurse is caring for a 55-year-old postoperative client. The client returns to the ICU after surgery intubated and mechanically ventilated with a Salem sump nasogastric tube, a Foley catheter, and a PICC line in place. Based on the nurse's knowledge of the most common hospital-acquired infections, which apparatus is most important to remove first? urinary catheter PICC line Salem sump nasogastric tube endotracheal tube

urinary catheter

The patient has asked the nurse to explain her WBC level of 8,000 cells/mm3. The nurse would identify the level of WBCs as: decreased elevated within normal limits stable

within normal limits

The nurse is preparing a sterile field for a procedure in the client's presence. Which is the most appropriate instruction to give the client in this situation? "Do not touch this, or I will have to start over. " "Everything is ready, I will leave the tray here for the provider." "I have set up this sterile field for your procedure, so please do not touch anything around the tray." "It is alright if you want to look at the supplies. Just be careful not to touch them."

"I have set up this sterile field for your procedure, so please do not touch anything around the tray."

A family member with a mild upper respiratory infection comes to visit a client in a long-term care facility. The nurse takes the opportunity to teach the family member about preventing the spread of the cold. What response by the family member indicates that the nurse's teaching was successful? "I will not visit my family member in the first 3 days of my cold." "I will use tissue to cover my nose and mouth while I am visiting and will refrain from touching my family member." "I will obtain a mask from the staff and wash my hands before touching my family member." "If I sneeze or cough, I will make sure to cover my mouth with hand or tissue."

"I will obtain a mask from the staff and wash my hands before touching my family member."

The nurse is caring for a client who became very ill after ingesting seafood. How will the nurse document this condition? infectious disease communicable disease noncommunicable disease contagious disease

noncommunicable disease

The nurse is monitoring a student who is performing surgical hand asepsis. Which student actions indicate the need for further education from the nurse? Select all that apply. wearing a gold wedding band washing the nails and all surfaces of each finger using at least five strokes for cleansing in each area dropping hands to side when the wash is complete dropping the soapy sponge in the sink to discard cleaning beneath each fingernail with a file

wearing a gold wedding band using at least five strokes for cleansing in each area dropping hands to side when the wash is complete