INFECTION CONTROL/CHAIN OF INFECTION
Airborne Precautions
Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
the infectious agent enters a person who is not resistant or immune. NEONATE, INFANTS, YOUNG CHILDREN, ELDERLY, CNACER PATIENT.
LATEX SENSITIVITY
Is an emerging and important problem in the health care field (OSHA). Medical alert bracelet should be worn for sensitivity.
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
Designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms by direct or indirect contact. Direct contact involves skin to skin contact and physical transfer. Indirect contact involves contact with a contaminated intermediate object in the patient's environment
Handwashing
Hand washing is the most important means of preventing the spread of infection. A routine hand wash procedure uses plain soap to remove soil and transient bacteria. Hand antisepsis requires the use of antimicrobial soap to remove, kill or inhibit transient microorganisms. It is important that all healthcare personnel learn proper hand washing procedures. Washing hands for 1 to 2 minutes is the proper amount of time.
Barrier Protection
Protective clothing provides a barrier against infection. Used properly, it will provide protection to the person wearing it; disposed of properly it will decrease the spread of infection. Learning how to put on and remove protective clothing is vital to insure the health and wellness of the person wearing the PPE.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the susceptible host. 1. CONTACT: DIRECT AND DIRECT 2. DROPTLET 3. AIRNORN 4.COMMON VEHICLE 5. VECTORBORN (INDIRECT)
TRANSMISSION BASE PRECAUTION
The second tier of precaution and are to be used when the patient is known or suspected of being infected with contagious disease. They are used in addition to standard precaution. All types are condense into 3 categories.
MEDICAL ASEPSIS
This condition is best defined as "the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body". It also involves enviromental hygien measures such as equipment cleaning and disinfection procedures. Methods of medical asepsis are Standard Precautions and Transmission-based Precautions
INFECTION CONTROL/CHAIN OF INFECTION
This consists of links, each of which is necessary for the infectious disease to spread. Infection control is based on the fact that the transmission of infectious diseases will be prevented or stopped when any level in the chain is broken or interrupted. AGENT ------- MODE OF TRANSMISSION --------- SUSCEPTIBLE HOST ---------- PORTAL OF EXIT -------- PORTAL OF ENTRY
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
This is an infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood and other body fluids and tissues by using barrier protection and work control practices. Under standard precaution all patient are assume infectious.
Droplet precaution
Used to reduce the transmission of diseases such as pertussis, meningitis, pneumonia, and rubella. These diseases can be transmitted through contact of the mucous membranes of the eye, mouth, or nose with large particle droplets that occur through sneezing, coughing, and talking. DROPLET TRAVEL SHORT DISTANCE USUALLY 3 FEET OR LESS AND DO NOT REMAIN SUSPENDED IN THE AIR, SPECIAL AIR HANDLING AND VENTILATION ARE NOT REQUUIRED.
GLOVES
Worn for 3 reason: 1. provide protective barrier and to prevent contamination of hands when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretion, mucous membrane, and nonintact skin 2. to reduce microorganism present on hands of personnel will be transmitted to patient during invasive or other patient-care procedures that involves touching a patient's mucous membranes and nonintact skin 3. to reduce likelihood that hands of personnel contaminate with microorganism from a patient or a fomite can transmit these microorganisms to another patient.
PORTAL OF ENTRY
a way for the causative agent to enter a new reservoir or host. Common entry sites are : 1. broken skin 2. mucous membranes 3.body system expose to external environment such as repiratory, gastrointestinal, and productive. METHOD SUCH STERILE WOUND CARE, TRANSMISSION-BASE PRECAUTIONS, AND ASEPTIC TECHNQUE LIMIT THE TRANSMISSION OF THE INFECTIOUS AGENT.
PORTAL OF EXIT
any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave. STANDARD PRECAUTION AND TRANMISSION-BASE PRECAUSTION ARE CONTROL MEASURES AIMED AT PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF THE DISEASE AS INFECTIOUS AGENTS EXIT THE RESERVOIR.
AGENT
are infectious microorganism that can be classified into group namely, viruses, bacteria , fungi, and parasites. When infectious disease is identify, such as specific microorganism, the disease may be prevented with the use of ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUGS OR INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES.
ISOLATION PRECAUTION/CDC
for many years, the CDC, recommended universal precautions, which is a method of infection control that assumed that all human blood and bodily fluid were potentially infectious. The CDC issued a revised guidelines consisting of 2 tiers or levels of precaution: Standard Precautions and Transmission Based Precaution.
DISINFECTANT
medical asepsis used in various chemical that can be used to destroy many pathogenic microorganism. Since the chemicals can irritate skin and mucous membranes, they are used only on inanimate object 1. cheap counter top disinfectant 1:10 solution of household bleach 2. Boiling water ( temp 212 f), will not be use in invasive procedure, nor insert to body orifices, nor as a sterile procedure
