Infection exemplars

Medications for Influenza

3 A's Antitussives Antipyretic Antiviral-Oseltamivir

Parasites

protozoa and helminths

What Lab and diagnostics will you run for Influenza?

Before treatment: Rapid culture- minutes Viral culture- 3-10 days

When teaching a group of older adults about differences between the common cold and influenza, the nurse would educate the clients that it is most important to communicate with the health care provider about which symptom? Earache Sneezing Nasal stuffiness Elevated temperature

Elevated temperature

Droplet diseases?

Flu Adenovirus Diphtheria Mumps Pneumonia Strep throat Whooping cough German measles

What education will you provide a pt with MRSA?

Follow up appointments Hygiene

What are contact precautions?

Gown and gloves along with standard precautions

Infectious agent

Pathogen, what is causing the infection

What focused assessments will you do for a pt with MRSA?

Skin integrity Location of infection

Reservoir

The Host: Humans, animals, Food

Priority medication for MRSA

Vancomycin

What are priority medications for C-diff?

Vancomycin Metronidazole Probiotic Anti-diarrheal

What are some nursing interventions you should do for a patient with influenza?

Viral/rapid cultures Standard + Droplet precautions Rest Meds Monitor lung sounds Encourage fluids Chest pt

What assessments should you do on a patient with MRSA?

Vitals Focused assessment Subjective data

What should you assess on a Covid-19 pt?

Vitals Lung sounds WOB LOC S/s

What are priority labs & diagnostics for C-diff?

WBC count (increased) Culture + sensitivity Stool sample

Signs/symptoms of C-diff?

Watery stool Sever abdominal cramping Bloody stool (hematochezia) Puss in stool Fever > 100.4 Dehydration Nausea

convalescence period

When acute s/s occur

Illness period

When s/s to specific infection occur

What will you educate your patient on to prevent the spread/getting Influenza?

Yearly vaccination Hand hygiene Cover cough

The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client who acquired a nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Which would the nurse include in the instructions? 1. Anticipate that nausea and vomiting will continue until the infection is no longer present. 2. The infection causes diarrhea accompanied by flatus and abdominal discomfort. 3. Consume a diet that is high in fiber and low in fat. 4. Other than routine hand washing, it is not necessary to perform special disinfection procedures.

2

How long should you wash your hands with a patient with C-diff?

2 minutes

Which nursing action helps reduce the development of health care associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA)? 1. Applying triple antibiotic ointment to puncture sites 2. Bathing clients every other day with soap and tepid water 3. Bathing clients with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) solution 4. Performing hand hygiene with soap and water after removing gloves

3

Which nursing action will be most helpful in preventing transmission of influenza in crowded communities? 1. Teaching correct hand-washing techniques 2. Demonstrating how to cover the mouth when coughing 3. Educating about the importance of having annual vaccinations 4. Giving antiviral medications within 48 hours of symptom development

3

Which nursing assessment finding is most indicative of a systemic infection? 1. White blood cell (WBC) count of 8200/mm 3 (8.2 × 10 °/L) 2. Bilateral 3+ pitting pedal edema 3. Oral temperature of 101.3°F (38.5°C) 4. Pale skin and nail beds

3

What assessments are used for C-diff?

Abdomen assessment Subjective data Vitals Skin integrity I/O

What is C-diff?

Antibiotic associated diarrhea Overgrowth of normal flora Severe diarrhea G+ spore forming

What should you assess if a patient has/may have influenza?

Assess s/s-abrupt Respiratory assessment Vitals Last flu vax? Elderly: weakness/lethargy

What nursing interventions would you implement for a pt with MRSA?

Collect culture Hygiene Encourage fluids Monitors I/O Monitor temp

Susceptible host

Compromised, immunosuppression, cuts, wounds

What precautions should you take with a patient with MRSA?

Contact + standard

What do you hear/see during a respiratory assessment of the lungs of someone with influenza?

Crackles Dyspnea

What labs and diagnostics do you run with a pt with MRSA?

Culture and sensitivity CBC (neutrophils & Leukocytes) Blood cultures

What vitals can indicate C-diff?

Decreased Bp Increased temp

Contact diseases?

Diarrhea infections Skin infections Wound infections Pulmonary infections Eye infections Medication resistant meds

How is COVID-19 transmitted?

Droplet & fecal to oral Airborne

Bacteria

E-coli

Standard precautions?

Hand hygiene Gloves: if fluids or blood Gown: fluid blood on clothing Goggles/face shield/mask: contact through mucous membranes

What nursing interventions will you preform on a patient with C-diff?

Hand washing Clean surfaces with bleach cleaner Standard + Contact precautions Give medication

Portal of entry

How it enters the new host

Portal of exit

How it leaves the initial host

Mode of transmission

How it spreads

What can you get C-diff from?

Human/animal feces Water Unwashed hands Soil

What findings would you get from a abdomen assessment on a patient with C-diff?

Hyperactive bowel sounds Pain Bloating

What will vitals indicate in a pt with MRSA?

Increased temp

What are s/s of Influenza?

Malaise Fever/chills Cough/sore throat Abrupt onset s/s Fatigue

S/s of Covid-19?

Malaise Hypoxia Cyanosis Gi upset Decreased LOC

What are droplet precautions?

Mask, face shield and standard precautions

Which infection requires airborne precautions? Measles Influenza Clostridium difficile Bacterial meningitis

Measles

Fungi

Molds and yeasts

What are airborne precautions?

N95 and standard precautions

What are priority labs and diagnostics for Covid-19?

NAAT & PCR tests Chest x-ray & Ct ABGs

What are some s/s of MRSA?

Nausea Fever/chills Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and purulent drainage at site

What are priority medications for Covid-19?

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir Remedsivir Dexamethasone

What nursing interventions would you do for a Covid-19 pt?

Prone position Encourage- fluids, nutrition, mobility, rest Bipap- O2 devices Oral hygiene Chest pt

What are some complications of C-diff?

Renal failure Colon damage Sepsis Dehydration Hypotension

Oh ****! Someone has Covid-19 what are the complications?

Secondary infection Coma Hypoxia Respiratory failure Blood clots DVT Risk factors

Complications of influenza?

Secondary infection Dehydration

Oh **** moments for MRSA?

Septicemia Sepsis

prodromal period

Time from start of generalized s/s to more specific ones Infection multiplication

True or False, MRSA is Antibiotic resistant, adaptable, and difficult to kill

True

Viruses

Uses hosts genetics to reproduce

What should you educate your pt with Covid-19 about?

Vaccination Hygiene Precautions Increase fluids and nutrition

What are the four stages of infection?

incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence

Prions

infectious proteins

incubation period

the time between a pathogen's entrance into the body and the first symptoms of disease