Infection exemplars
Medications for Influenza
3 A's Antitussives Antipyretic Antiviral-Oseltamivir
Parasites
protozoa and helminths
What Lab and diagnostics will you run for Influenza?
Before treatment: Rapid culture- minutes Viral culture- 3-10 days
When teaching a group of older adults about differences between the common cold and influenza, the nurse would educate the clients that it is most important to communicate with the health care provider about which symptom? Earache Sneezing Nasal stuffiness Elevated temperature
Elevated temperature
Droplet diseases?
Flu Adenovirus Diphtheria Mumps Pneumonia Strep throat Whooping cough German measles
What education will you provide a pt with MRSA?
Follow up appointments Hygiene
What are contact precautions?
Gown and gloves along with standard precautions
Infectious agent
Pathogen, what is causing the infection
What focused assessments will you do for a pt with MRSA?
Skin integrity Location of infection
Reservoir
The Host: Humans, animals, Food
Priority medication for MRSA
Vancomycin
What are priority medications for C-diff?
Vancomycin Metronidazole Probiotic Anti-diarrheal
What are some nursing interventions you should do for a patient with influenza?
Viral/rapid cultures Standard + Droplet precautions Rest Meds Monitor lung sounds Encourage fluids Chest pt
What assessments should you do on a patient with MRSA?
Vitals Focused assessment Subjective data
What should you assess on a Covid-19 pt?
Vitals Lung sounds WOB LOC S/s
What are priority labs & diagnostics for C-diff?
WBC count (increased) Culture + sensitivity Stool sample
Signs/symptoms of C-diff?
Watery stool Sever abdominal cramping Bloody stool (hematochezia) Puss in stool Fever > 100.4 Dehydration Nausea
convalescence period
When acute s/s occur
Illness period
When s/s to specific infection occur
What will you educate your patient on to prevent the spread/getting Influenza?
Yearly vaccination Hand hygiene Cover cough
The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client who acquired a nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Which would the nurse include in the instructions? 1. Anticipate that nausea and vomiting will continue until the infection is no longer present. 2. The infection causes diarrhea accompanied by flatus and abdominal discomfort. 3. Consume a diet that is high in fiber and low in fat. 4. Other than routine hand washing, it is not necessary to perform special disinfection procedures.
2
How long should you wash your hands with a patient with C-diff?
2 minutes
Which nursing action helps reduce the development of health care associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA)? 1. Applying triple antibiotic ointment to puncture sites 2. Bathing clients every other day with soap and tepid water 3. Bathing clients with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) solution 4. Performing hand hygiene with soap and water after removing gloves
3
Which nursing action will be most helpful in preventing transmission of influenza in crowded communities? 1. Teaching correct hand-washing techniques 2. Demonstrating how to cover the mouth when coughing 3. Educating about the importance of having annual vaccinations 4. Giving antiviral medications within 48 hours of symptom development
3
Which nursing assessment finding is most indicative of a systemic infection? 1. White blood cell (WBC) count of 8200/mm 3 (8.2 × 10 °/L) 2. Bilateral 3+ pitting pedal edema 3. Oral temperature of 101.3°F (38.5°C) 4. Pale skin and nail beds
3
What assessments are used for C-diff?
Abdomen assessment Subjective data Vitals Skin integrity I/O
What is C-diff?
Antibiotic associated diarrhea Overgrowth of normal flora Severe diarrhea G+ spore forming
What should you assess if a patient has/may have influenza?
Assess s/s-abrupt Respiratory assessment Vitals Last flu vax? Elderly: weakness/lethargy
What nursing interventions would you implement for a pt with MRSA?
Collect culture Hygiene Encourage fluids Monitors I/O Monitor temp
Susceptible host
Compromised, immunosuppression, cuts, wounds
What precautions should you take with a patient with MRSA?
Contact + standard
What do you hear/see during a respiratory assessment of the lungs of someone with influenza?
Crackles Dyspnea
What labs and diagnostics do you run with a pt with MRSA?
Culture and sensitivity CBC (neutrophils & Leukocytes) Blood cultures
What vitals can indicate C-diff?
Decreased Bp Increased temp
Contact diseases?
Diarrhea infections Skin infections Wound infections Pulmonary infections Eye infections Medication resistant meds
How is COVID-19 transmitted?
Droplet & fecal to oral Airborne
Bacteria
E-coli
Standard precautions?
Hand hygiene Gloves: if fluids or blood Gown: fluid blood on clothing Goggles/face shield/mask: contact through mucous membranes
What nursing interventions will you preform on a patient with C-diff?
Hand washing Clean surfaces with bleach cleaner Standard + Contact precautions Give medication
Portal of entry
How it enters the new host
Portal of exit
How it leaves the initial host
Mode of transmission
How it spreads
What can you get C-diff from?
Human/animal feces Water Unwashed hands Soil
What findings would you get from a abdomen assessment on a patient with C-diff?
Hyperactive bowel sounds Pain Bloating
What will vitals indicate in a pt with MRSA?
Increased temp
What are s/s of Influenza?
Malaise Fever/chills Cough/sore throat Abrupt onset s/s Fatigue
S/s of Covid-19?
Malaise Hypoxia Cyanosis Gi upset Decreased LOC
What are droplet precautions?
Mask, face shield and standard precautions
Which infection requires airborne precautions? Measles Influenza Clostridium difficile Bacterial meningitis
Measles
Fungi
Molds and yeasts
What are airborne precautions?
N95 and standard precautions
What are priority labs and diagnostics for Covid-19?
NAAT & PCR tests Chest x-ray & Ct ABGs
What are some s/s of MRSA?
Nausea Fever/chills Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and purulent drainage at site
What are priority medications for Covid-19?
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir Remedsivir Dexamethasone
What nursing interventions would you do for a Covid-19 pt?
Prone position Encourage- fluids, nutrition, mobility, rest Bipap- O2 devices Oral hygiene Chest pt
What are some complications of C-diff?
Renal failure Colon damage Sepsis Dehydration Hypotension
Oh ****! Someone has Covid-19 what are the complications?
Secondary infection Coma Hypoxia Respiratory failure Blood clots DVT Risk factors
Complications of influenza?
Secondary infection Dehydration
Oh **** moments for MRSA?
Septicemia Sepsis
prodromal period
Time from start of generalized s/s to more specific ones Infection multiplication
True or False, MRSA is Antibiotic resistant, adaptable, and difficult to kill
True
Viruses
Uses hosts genetics to reproduce
What should you educate your pt with Covid-19 about?
Vaccination Hygiene Precautions Increase fluids and nutrition
What are the four stages of infection?
incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence
Prions
infectious proteins
incubation period
the time between a pathogen's entrance into the body and the first symptoms of disease