Info Tech Chap 11
The programming language C was developed in the early _____ for the early UNIX operating system.
1970s
Which of the following semantic tags should be used in HTML5 to add an audio clip to a web page?
<audio>
Scrum, Crystal Clear, and Extreme Programming are predecessors of
Agile software development.
Which of the following is an advantage of OOP over traditional programming languages?
All of these
_____ is a high-level language that's friendlier and more natural than COBOL and FORTRAN.
BASIC
_____ is one of the most popular tools for developing responsive, mobile-first websites.
Bootstrap
____ is a term that was originally coined by Grace Hopper and refers to a computer error.
Bug
In this illustration of flowchart symbols, which symbol represents the "decision" operation?
C
The sequence of source code shown in this illustration is example of which of the following programming languages?
C++
_____ is the same as C but has added features, such as object-oriented programming.
C++
Software that helps design new software.
CASE tools
Which of the following legacy programming languages is used chiefly for business applications by large institutions and companies?
COBOL
Which of the following kinds of tools can be used to diagram the flow of a program, store information related to the development project, generate the interface (such as the dialog boxes and screens), and manage the progress of the development?
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
An application used for creating web pages.
Dreamweaver
Which language is pseudocode written in?
English, or some other human language
A beta test precedes an alpha test.
False
A web page's text content is contained in the CSS file.
False
All beta testers receive a free copy of the software they test.
False
All object-oriented programming languages are fully visual.
False
An internal cascading style sheet can standardize formatting across multiple web pages.
False
Each product goes through exactly three beta cycles.
False
Java applications are very simple; JavaScript applications can be more complex.
False
JavaScript is a compiled language.
False
To embed a style sheet in an HTML file, use a script tag.
False
True or False: A compiler is a software tool that helps programmers find errors quickly and closely examine what's happening when a program runs.
False
True or False: An if-then statement performs an action and then automatically proceeds to the very next statement in the sequence.
False
Visual Basic is an example of a true visual programming language.
False
Visual programming creates instructions for the computer using lines of typed code.
False
Visual programming is very popular with professional programmers.
False
The following sequence of code is written in which language? <body> <div id=″choices″> <form> <input type=″button″ value=″Red″ onclick=″newcolor(′red′);″> <input type=″button″ value=″White″ onclick=″newcolor(′white′);″> <input type=″button″ value=″Blue″ onclick=″newcolor(′blue′);″> </form> </div> </body>
HTML
Extensible HTML (XHTML) resulted from re-creating _____ in Extensible Markup Language (XML).
HTML5
The latest versions of all major browsers support _____, which became the official standard of HTML in March 2018.
HTML5
Which of the following became the official standard for HTML in March 2018 and is supported by the latest versions of all major browsers?
HTML5
Which of the following is not one of the popular scripting languages?
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Which of the following statements does not describe pseudocode?
It involves envisioning a project in its entirety to identify the larger elements that must be handled first.
Which of the following statements describes a variable?
It's a data value stored in computer memory.
Which of these statements defines the term modularity?
It's a measurement of how well the source code is divided into individual modules.
Which of the following statements describes C#?
It's a modern object-oriented language derived from C++ and Java.
Which of the following statements does not describe an infinite loop?
It's part of the program but actually has no effect on how the program runs.
Which of the following statements does not describe server-side include (SSI)?
It's supported by all web servers.
Which of the following is an object-oriented programming language?
Java
Which would be classified as a third-generation programming language (3GL)?
Java
Which of the following converts general Java instructions into commands that a device or computer can understand?
Java virtual machine (JVM)
Which of the following scripting languages can run as an interpreted script over the internet or as a compiled, executable program?
JavaScript
_____ is a content management platform, not a web development application per se.
Joomla
_____ extends the modularity concept by defining each module with definite rules for interfacing and a protected set of variables.
Object-oriented programming (OOP)
Which is the preferred programming language for developing Apple applications?
Objective-C
_____, VBScript, and JavaScript are all popular scripting languages.
Perl
_____ means creating a small, semifunctional version of the solution to see if and how it works.
Prototyping
_____ design is sometimes referred to as mobile-first design because the needs of mobile devices are at the forefront.
Responsive
_____ is a simple interpreted scripting language that's used for very basic operations on the server, such as loading the same navigation bar or boilerplate text on every page.
Server-side include (SSI)
Which of the following is not one of the guidelines for using rapid application development (RAD) techniques?
Show clients working software, not documents of how the software will work.
_____ programming provides guidelines for an organized, logical approach that focuses on thinking at a higher level.
Structured
The new Apple-developed language that may soon replace Objective-C as the preferred programming language for developing the iOS and MacOS operating systems is called
Swift
_____ is a new Apple-developed language that may soon replace Objective-C as the preferred programming language for developing the iOS and macOS operating systems, as well as applications that run on those platforms.
Swift
An external style sheet is a separate text document from the main HTML file for a website.
True
Both Java and JavaScript are commonly run from web pages.
True
Both Java and JavaScript are platform independent.
True
JavaScript code can be embedded in the head section of an HTML file.
True
Microsoft VPL is an example of a true visual programming language.
True
Some beta tests are open to the public.
True
The purpose of beta testing is to have consumers find bugs and give feedback on features.
True
True or False: A crash bug is one of the most dreaded types of run-time errors, because it causes a program to stop running, or crash.
True
True or False: A debugger is a software tool that helps programmers find errors quickly and closely examine what's happening when a program runs.
True
True or False: A program can interrupt a looping pattern by using an if-then statement based on a particular action.
True
True or False: A program with style errors may run, but the errors will make the code bulkier, slower to execute, or more difficult to edit.
True
True or False: APS.NET is one of the languages used to write the code on the server that tells it what to do.
True
True or False: Objective-C is a variant of the C programming language that Apple uses to create the macOS and iOS operating systems.
True
True or False: This illustration shows a sequence from a scripting language that can run as an interpreted script over the internet or as a compiled executable program.
True
True or False: VBScript, a popular scripting language used in building web pages, is loosely based on Visual Basic (VB).
True
You can freely change the JavaScript code on a web page without recompiling.
True
A programming language developed by Microsoft that many schools teach as a first introduction to programming.
Visual Basic
Some professional programmers use _____ to develop software prototypes and custom interfaces for Windows platforms.
Visual Basic (VB)
Programmers create a program using which of the following?
a programming language
What is a testing harness?
a scripted set of tests that a program must pass before being considered ready for public release
A program is first written out as a(n) _____, which is a complete list of steps for solving a problem.
algorithm
Before being written in a programming language, a program is first written out as a(n) _____, which is a complete list of the steps for solving a problem.
algorithm
Which term refers to the set of steps used to solve a problem?
algorithm
During the implementation phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC), the development team tests a(n) ______, which is a preliminary version of a software application.
alpha product
When developing software, the result of the implementation phase is the production of a prototype called a(n) ____.
alpha product
Java is composed of _____, which are small applications that can run on all types of computer operating systems.
applets
Small applications that can run on all types of computer operating systems are called
applets.
A programming language that is similar to machine language but uses text-based commands.
assembly language
A software program that's ready for testing outside the development group.
beta version
During the testing phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC), a select group of knowledgeable consumers often test the _____ of a software program.
beta version
During the testing phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC), a(n) _____ of the program is created for testing outside the development group, and the feedback that's received can be used to improve the product before it's released to the general public.
beta version
Grace Hopper, the inventor of COBOL, coined the term _____ after a moth crawled into a computer's circuitry and caused it to malfunction.
bug
The term _____ was originally coined by Grace Hopper, the inventor of COBOL, to refer to a computer error.
bug
In which of the following environments is RPG commonly used?
business
Which of the following languages is not used to write the code on the server that tells it what to do?
cascading style sheets (CSS)
Which of the following is required to create an object?
class
Programmers create a program using which of the following?
coding
A Java virtual machine (JVM) converts general Java instructions into which of the following?
commands that a device or computer can understand
A(n) _____ is an informational message inserted into the program source code.
comment
An informational message inserted into the program source code.
comment
A program that translates programming language source code into machine code and then reads an entire program before execution is called a(n) ____.
compiler
Suites of powerful applications designed specifically to help with project management, programming, user testing, and so on are referred to collectively as _____ tools.
computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
Joomla is not a web development application per se but rather a _____ platform.
content management
Java has _____, which means it can run on nearly any operating system.
cross-platform compatibility
Refers to the capability of a program to run on more than one operating system.
cross-platform compatibility
One of the building blocks of programming are variables, which are
data values stored in computer memory.
Which of these terms refers to code that's "commented out," or marked with comments to notify the compiler to skip and ignore it?
dead code
A tool that helps identify and correct problems in software code.
debugger
Which software tool helps programmers find errors quickly?
debugger
A program that contains a(n) _____ statement, or point where different actions may be performed depending on specific conditions, will be more useful than one that simply follows a linear sequence of actions without variation.
decision
As shown in this illustration, the regular pattern of a traffic light can be interrupted when someone pushes a crosswalk button. In the program that controls the traffic light, this looping pattern is interrupted using a(n) _____ statement.
decision
In this illustration of flowchart symbols, shape C represents which operation?
decision
Which type of programming statement allows a program to perform differently depending on whether a condition has been met?
decision statement
Specifications that document the details of the software that programmers will write are produced during the _____ phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC).
design
Which phase in the software development life cycle produces specifications documenting the details of the software to be written by programmers?
design
Which symbol represents a decision structure in Figure 1?
diamond
Programmers that break a large problem into several small pieces and then work on them one at a time are using the _____ approach.
divide-and-conquer
If programmers develop software by tackling one small piece of the puzzle at a time, they are taking a(n) ____ approach.
divide‑and‑conquer
The written notes that explain how a program works are referred to as
documentation.
When run by a program, a(n) _____ statement performs an action and then proceeds to the next statement in the sequence.
executable
When a program is run, which programming element performs an action (such as sending output to a printer) and then proceeds to the next statement in the sequence?
executable statement
In which of the following environments is FORTRAN still commonly used?
factories and laboratories
A ____ provides a visual diagram of an algorithm and is sometimes used instead of pseudocode.
flowchart
Flowcharts are the _____ representation of the sequence of programming logic.
graphical
Many errors occur because the programmer was sloppy during the programming process. Programmers refer to this sloppy way of working as _____ code.
hacking
Which classification of computer languages is relatively similar to natural languages, such as English?
high-level language
Graphics designed especially for online use can contain _____, in which different hyperlinks are assigned to different spots on the graphic.
hotspots
On this web page, separate hyperlinks are assigned to the continents on the map, illustrating a special graphics property called
hotspots
Which of the following allows a subclass to be created from a main class and automatically have access to the methods of the main class?
inheritance
A _____ error occurs when a program's syntax is correct, but the program instructs the computer to perform an action incorrectly.
logic
Which type of error occurs when a program's syntax is correct, but the program instructs the computer to perform an action incorrectly?
logic error
Which programming element allows a program to return to a previously executed instruction and repeat it?
loop
A program that's designed to direct a traffic light to display yellow, red, and green lights at consistent intervals demonstrates which of these basic elements of programming?
looping
As shown in this illustration, a traffic light can be programmed to display yellow, red, and green lights at consistent intervals. Which of the following basic elements of programming makes this possible?
looping
Assembly language uses symbols and words to represent the elements of _____, making it possible for programmers to memorize them.
machine code
Which of the following are first-generation programming languages?
machine languages
In Microsoft Office, you can automate a frequently performed task by recording a ____.
macro
Phases in the software development life cycle include proposal and planning, design, implementation, testing, release, and ____.
maintenance
Which of the following is not one of the phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC)?
marketing
Advanced wizards and editors in programs using _____ and _____ languages allow people to build web pages without knowing the underlying HTML code.
markup; scripting
Which of the following specifies how objects can be acted upon?
methods
Using a(n) _____ approach to programming serves the purpose of making the code reusable and also helps in tracking down the sources of errors.
modular
Using _____ serves the purpose of making the code reusable and also helps in tracking down the sources of errors.
modular code
A _____ language explains what the computer should do in English-like terms but not precisely how the computer should do it.
nonprocedural
A scripting language is a _____ language, meaning that it explains what the computer should do in English-like terms but not precisely how the computer should do it.
nonprocedural
In object-oriented programming (OOP), a module is called a(n)
object
In object-oriented programming (OOP), a(n) _____ is a module.
object
Which of the following programming techniques extends the modularity concept by defining each module with definite rules for interfacing and a protected set of variables?
object-oriented programming (OOP)
Adobe's Dreamweaver, which is installed on a local PC, is an example of a(n) _____ application of web creation software.
offline
When run by a program, an executable statement performs an action and then
proceeds to the next statement in the sequence.
Assembly language uses symbols and words to represent the elements of machine code, making it possible for _____ to memorize them.
programmers
Programmers use a(n) _____ to create a program.
programming language
The five blocks shown in this diagram represent the five generations of
programming languages.
A small, semifunctional version of a large project that is created to see how the solution works is called a ____.
prototype
Creating a small, semifunctional version of the solution to see if and how it works is known as
prototyping.
A step-by-step description of how a program should operate, using ordinary language (not a specific programming language).
pseudocode
Algorithms are usually written in _____, which is a detailed yet readable description of what the computer program or algorithm must do.
pseudocode
Which of the following terms refers to a section of a program created to handle a specific group of instructions?
routine
A _____ error occurs when an application is running.
run-time
A mistake that occurs when an application is running is a _____ error.
run-time
Web pages are usually built with a combination of markup languages, such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and _____ languages, such as JavaScript.
scripting
One of the benefits of programing in HTML5 is that it uses _____ tags, which are tags whose names reflect their usage.
semantic
This illustration shows the six phases of the _____ life cycle.
software development
A program that has not yet been compiled is also referred to as ____ code.
source
Using the _____ technique, a programmer thinks in terms of creating groups of instructions, rather than simply executing lines one after another and writing code line by line.
structured programming
A coding error, which is usually caused by a typing mistake or a misunderstanding of the rules of a language, is referred to as a ____ error.
syntax
A type of error in a program caused by a typographical error.
syntax
The _____, or structure, of a programming language tends to be less complex than that of a human language.
syntax
The structure, or _____, of a programming language tends to be less complex than that of a human language.
syntax
During the testing phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC), a quality assurance (QA) team usually develops a(n) _____, which is a scripted set of tests that a program must pass before being considered ready for public release.
testing harness
What is coding?
the act of writing source code
The next step after creating a flowchart is to write
the pseudocode.
What is the primary focus of rapid application development (RAD) techniques?
to reduce software development costs by reducing the time it takes to develop a project
The language PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is used to do which of the following?
to write the code on the server that tells it what to do
A program with a single syntax error
won't work at all and will therefore be useless.