Information technology in nursing practice
Project Management Lifestyle Cycle (PLMC)
1) Design/Plan - Scope document: Official document that details how the project will be managed and what the project requirements are. Scope Creep - Unapproved change, which can cause serious delays or project failure. As the scope and charter are developed, a GAP analysis is completed and used to identify needed changes in workflow. GAP Analysis - A list of features & functions desired, but not immediately available in the new system as identified. 2) Implementation - Training the staff/end-users in this phase. With change, different behaviors can develop (ex: resignation, resistance, feelings of loss, etc.)
Time lag between research finding and integration into practice average
17 years
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)
A classification system that lists medical services and procedures performed by physicians, and is used for physician billing and payer reimbursement
Telepresenter
A clinically and technically trained facilitator on the "patient end" of a connected health encounter that assists in assuring high quality clinical care and patient safety.
Information system
A computer system that uses hardware and software to process data into information in order to solve a problem
Learning health system (LHS)
A health system in which science, information, incentives, and culture are aligned for continuous improvement and innovation, with best practices seamlessly embedded in the delivery process and new knowledge captured as a by-product of the delivery experience
Worm
A malicious program named for the type of damage left behind. It often uses network communication practices to spread itself.
Health games (gamification)
A means to educate consumers on health issues
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
A mechanism provided by a computer system to assist users by prompting them to complete a task, verify information, or prevent entry of inappropriate information.
System check
A mechanism provided by a computer system to assist users by prompting them to complete a task, verify information, or prevent entry of inappropriate information.
Garbage can model
A model of organizational decision making, including policy-making processes
Health on the Net Foundation (HON)
A nonprofit, private organization dedicated to ensuring quality health information on the Internet through an accreditation process; once accreditation is achieved, the HON code seal appears on the website and may be verified by browser searches
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
A plan to develop project timelines or schedule a hierarchical arrangement of all specific tasks by using project-planning software.
SWOT analysis
A process that examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a given situation
Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS)
A professional association of health information technology skate holders and vendors, now manages TIGER
Health.IT.gov
A rich source of HIT information
Site visit
A scheduled information-gathering trip to another organization using the information system under consideration for adoption.
Training enviroment
A separate software application that mirrors the actual information system but permits learners to practice skills without harm to the system or data contained in it. Makes use of fictitious clients and scenarios for instruction and practice.
test environment
A separate software program similar to the one used for the actual application or information system that allows programming changes to be tested prior to their implementation in the actual system, thereby protecting the "real" system from unwanted alterations.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
A sequence of activities in the planning, designing, testing, implementation, and evaluation of an information system or sub-system.
Wrist wearable unit
A smartwatch with the capability to moni-tor and transmit wearers' activity
Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
A standardized classifi-cation of interventions that describes the activities that nurses perform.
international classification of nursing practice
A system that serves to unify various approved nursing languages and classification systems to ensure the acceptance of common meanings across different settings.
fishbone
A tool for analyzing the organizational processes and its effectiveness. Help team members visually diagram a problem or conditions root causes, allowing them to truly diagnose the problem rather than focusing on symptoms
Vendor Evaluation Matrix Tool
A tool that facilitates selection of health information technology, consisting of a method for prioritizing vendors and assessment questions that address functionality and usability; it is available through HealthIT.gov.
Expert system
A type of CDS/DDS but does NOT need human intervention, uses artificial intelligence (ex. Insulin pump).
The Joint Commission (TJC)
ACCREDITATION. Key standards of information management: protect and aggregate data, uniform definitions/language, teach information management (training), and address disaster and preparedness.
Data Inegrity
Ability to collect, store, and retrieve correct, complete, and current data so that the data are available to authorized users when needed. Can be compromised by incorrect entry of information, data tampering, and system failure. Prevention by implementing security measures and audit trails. Data integrity is the state wherein data are uncorrupted, accurate, and valid.
Data integirty
Ability to collect; store and retrieve correct, complete and current data so that the data are available to authorized users when needed
Informatics competencies
Ability to perform the tasks associate with informatics
Literacy
Ability to process and critique meaning using reading, writing, and oral language within a specific context.
eHealth literacy
Ability to use electronic sources to search for, find, comprehend, and evaluate information and images found online, and apply acquired knowledge to address or solve a health issue
Authentication
Action that verifies the authority of users to receive specified data
Authorization
Action that verifies the authority of users to receive specified data
ID management
Administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
Advanced practice nurse prepared at the graduate level to practice in a specialty area who often engages in research, supports direct care nurses, and helps drive practice changes
Consolidated-Clinical Document Architecture (C-CDA)
Allows interoperability of health information exchange between hospital systems.
interface terminology
Also know as point of care terminology, it consists of terms familiar to clinicians
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Also known as the Kennedy Kassabaum bill, it is the first federal legislation to protect automatic client records and to mandate that all electronic transactions include only HIPPA compliant codes
Omaha system
American Nurses Association recognized research-based taxonomy that provides a framework for integrating and sharing clinical data. It is widely used in set-tings such as home care, hospice, public health, school health, and prisons.
Really Simple Syndication (RSS)
An XML-based format that allows frequent updates of content on the World Wide Web.
Results reporting
An application that enables direct electronic sharing of an individual's laboratory and other diagnostic test results within that person's electronic health record
Computerized provider (or practitioner) order system
An application that supports direct electronic entry of patient care-related orders by authorized practitioners and direct transmission of those orders to designated entities
Audiovisual monitor
An electronic device for displaying video and audio output from an information source
Chief nursing informatics officer
An executive leadership role that represents nursing interests with informatics related practices, policies and issues
Maintenance
An information system life cycle phase that includes evaluation; the period in which new behaviors, such as work flows and processes, are solidified
International classification of diseases
An international standard diagnostic classification for health-management purposes and clinical use; it is used to classify mortality and morbidity data from patient records.
Change Control Board (CCB)
An organizations entity that handles requests for changes or issues in order to keep project scope manageable as plans to implement HIT move forward
Peripheal Devices
Any device attached externally to a com-puter (e.g., scanners, mouse pointers, printers, keyboards, and clinical monitors such as pulse oximeters and weight scales).
Medical informatics
Application of informatics to all of the healthcare disciplines as well as the practice of medicine.
clinical research informatics
Application of informatics to methods supporting clinical and translational research, particularly knowledge discovery and secondary use of data
Public health informatics
Application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and learning.
Wisdom
Application of knowledge to manage and solve problem
Knowledge translation
Applying research to practice
Middle range theories
Are more limited in scope, focus on a specific phenomenon and reflect practice (teaching, clinical, or administrative). Cross different nursing fields and reflect a wide variety of nursing care situations.
Nursing Role in Informatics:
Assessment - analysis of what is needed Developing - develop the care/project plan Implementing - implement the plan Monitoring - monitor the outcomes Evaluating - lessons learned with knowledge transfer
Heuristic evaluations
Assessments of a product according to accepted guidelines or published usability principles
Unified medical language system
Attempt to standardize terms used in healthcare delivery. It is a metathesaurus that contains more than a hundred source vocabularies.
American Recover and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
Authorized INCENTIVE PAYMENTS to specific types of hospitals and healthcare professionals for adopting and using interoperable Health Information Technology and EHR's. ARRA provides economic stimuli and incentives for the adoption of EHRs.
Measures of success
Benchmarks by which a project may be deemed as having met its intended purpose(s), such as user acceptance or fulfilling business objectives.
Grand theories
Broad theories and are not amendable to empirical testing
With the proliferation of data in healthcare, big data is a common term used in the healthcare industry.
Business intelligence refers to a strategy or process by which data from different sources is integrated for the purpose of optimizing its use and understanding its functionality
survivability
Capability of a system, as a whole, to fulfill its mission in a timely manner, in the presence of attacks, failures, or accidents.
Meaningful Use (MU) Core Requirements
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) developed core criteria that defined basic functions of EHRs must demonstrate. Basic entry of clinical information, requiring standardized terminology across the board, use of several software applications, entry of clinical orders with safety measures. (Three required stages include: stage 1 - electronic capturing & sharing of data between hospitals/providers; stage 2 - requires pts to view, download, or transmit their health information online, capability for secure messaging between providers/patients, and reporting public health measures, advancing clinical processes; stage 3 - focuses on the enhanced use of EHRs to promote Health Information Exchange & Improve care, and improving patient outcomes (ex: electronic prescribing)).
Repository
Central storage location for dta
CDS
Clinical decision support (CDS) systems provide clinicians, staff, patients, or other individuals with data-driven and patient-specific information at the appropriate time so that decisions can be made appropriately during the clinical workflow. You have been asked to look up information related to CDS systems for your organization to determine their effectiveness. CDS systems are widely used by healthcare organizations for the value they provide specific to the needs of each organization, not necessarily to be aligned with one another.
Information oriented sysmters
Clinical information systems that can provide administrative support and healthcare decision support
Computer forensics
Collection of electronic evidence for purposes of litigation and internal investigations
Data
Collection of numbers, characters, or facts that are gathered according to some perceived need for analysis and possible action at a late point in time
Data governance (DG)
Collection of policies, standards, processes, and controls applied to an organizations data to ensure that it is available to appropriate persons when, where, and in the format needed while maintaining security
Knowledge databases
Collections of literature and research evidence that are indexed to support organized search and retrieval.
buisness continuity planning (BCP)
Combines information technology and disaster recovery planning with business functions recovery planning
Cybercrime
Commonly refers to the theft of personal information stored on computers, such as social security numbers
3 types of research used in healthcare
Comparative effectiveness research (CER), health services research (HSR), and outcomes research (OCR)
Gap anaylsis
Comparison of actual performance with potential or desired performance
Point of care
Computer access at the actual worksite, which, in the delivery of healthcare, is at the patient's bedsid
Interface
Computer program that tells 2 different systems how to exchange data
Design support software
Computer programs that organize information to aid choices related to patient care or administrative issues
Laboratory information system (LIS)
Computer system for use by laboratories that provides many benefits as a result of automated order entry
Clinical research informatics
Concentrates on discovery and management of new knowledge pertinent to health and disease from clinical trials and via secondary data use
User Experience
Concept addressing all aspects of a user's interaction with a service, system, or HIT product.
Clinical terminology
Concepts that support clinical constructs, such as diagnostic studies, history and physical exams, visit notes, ancillary department information, nursing notes, assessments, flow sheets, vital signs, and outcome measures. This can be mapped to a broader classification system for administrative, regulatory, and fiscal reporting requirements
Nursing theories
Conceptualization of some aspect of nursing reality communicated for the purpose of describing phenomena, explaining relationships between phenomena, predicting consequences or prescribing nursing care
Digization
Conversion of data and information into an electronic format
Process Interoperability
Coordinates systems enabling business processes at organizations and allowing systems to work together.
Federal register
Daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of the US government
Which statement about data is accurate as it relates to quality improvement initiatives?
Data allows measurement of the quality of healthcare delivery to determine whether planned measures result in improvement.
Spyware
Data collection mechanism that installs itself with-out the user's permission during web browsing or when downloading softwar
DIKW
Data information knowledge wisdom. Information is a continuum of progressively developing and clustered data. Relations and interactions are not yet evident in information alone.
Data mining VS data scrubbing
Data mining- Technique that look for hidden patterns and relationships in large groups of data using software. Data scrubbing- Data scrubbing is the process by which incorrect, incomplete, duplicate, or improperly formatted items are removed using special software designated for this purpose.
Information
Data that has been interpreted
Go live
Date when an information system is first used or the process of starting to use an information system
Bioinformatics
Defined as studying biology by applying informatics skills to understand and organize the information associated with these ,molecule's on a large scale
Project scope
Defines the size and details of an effort
Five phases of the project management life cycle
Design or initiation, planning, implementation, monitoring and control, and closure with lessons learned.
Nice to haves
Desired components considered non-critical for inclusion in an information system; these are features that can wait until system optimization
Internet of things
Devices with embedded microchips, sensors, and actuators that use Internet Protocol (IP) to share data with other machines or software over communications networks, examples include thermostats, appliances, and more
value-based reimbursement (VBR)
Diagnostic tests and treatment options were based on the value of those tests and treatments to patient and organizational outcomes. The hope was to reduce the number of necessary or limited-valued test and treatments. The value-based model rewards providers and organizations for quality-driven care based on their ability to meet set quality measures and indicators.
National Quality Strategy
Document prepared by the US Department of Health and Human Services that helps healthcare stakeholders across the country-- patients; providers; employers; health insurance companies; academic researchers; and local, state, and federal governments-- prioritize quality improvement efforts, share lessons, and measure collective success. Published in 2011
Request for Proposal (RFP)
Document sent to vendors detailing the requirements of a potential information system with the purpose of soliciting proposals from vendors that describe their capabilities to meet these requirements.
What is an example of a common data integrity issue that occurs as a result of cloning, or copying, when documenting in the electronic medical record (EMR)?
Documentation of vital signs that do not vary. Documentation that lacks descriptive content may contribute to data integrity issues but is not considered cloning.
unstructured data examples
Documents, emails, and multimedia
eHEALS
Ehealh literacy scale. A tool that measures ehealth literacy
Health Information Exchange (HIE)
Electronic sharing of patient information between healthcare providers according to nationally recognized standards, allows insurance companies and providers to share data, must be secure and maintain integrity. It works by improving the speed, quality, safety, and cost of patient care. Query-based exchange is often used for unplanned events. Like a visit to the emergency department. It allows providers to find and request information on a patient from other providers. Directed exchange is used to support coordinated care and allows the ability to send and receive secure information electronically between care providers. Consumer-mediated exchange allows the ability for patients to review, manage, and control the use of their health information among providers.
Healthcare Information Exchange
Electronic sharing of patient information such as demographic data, allergies, presenting complaint, diagnostic test values, and other relevant data between providers such as primary physicians, specialists, hospitals, and ambulatory care settings according to nationally recognized standard
Audit trail
Electronic tool that can track system access by individual user, by user class, or by all persons who viewed a specific client record
Lab on a chip
Emerging informatics technology that provides point of care complex biochemical analyses via small-volume samples for the purpose of early diagnosis, preventing debilitating illness, and containing costs.
Master person index (MPI)
Enterprise-wide database containing a unique identifier for every person (patient) registered at the organization.
Clinical data network
Entities developed to support research on patient outcomes rather than the care delivered; are typically comprised of several types of healthcare systems that partner to conduct research.
Health information networks
Entities that enable the exchange of patient-level information within a multi-site healthcare organization, within a collection of such organizations in one state or within a collection of such organizations across states
Continuity planing
Essential component of strategic planning designed to maintain business operations
Real time analytics
Examines current data to foster learning and prediction; in clinical settings, it uses point of care data from multiple sources to present immediate, actionable information to clinicians.
Informatics innovator
Expected to be educationally prepared to conduct informatics research, generate informatics theory, and have advanced understanding and skills in information management and computer technology.
Lobbyists
Experts at encouraging others to act in a predetermined way.
Concept
Expression with a single unambiguous meaning, although is may have one or more representations called synonyms or terms. Used to document ideas and express orders, assessments and outcomes with an EHR, they are uniquely identified by codes
resource availability
Extent to which planned-for resources are capable or ready to be used when needed in a project.
Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD)
Extraction of implicit, unknown, and potentially useful information from data
Who is barcode medication administration mandated by?
FDA
Project Implementation Team /
FIRST TASK IS TO DEVELOP A TIMELINE - Comprised of representatives from the ser departments. Project team needs to be actively involved as an end-user. Implementation committee determines the project implementation strategy. Interdisciplinary will plan, test, train, etc. after the EHR is purchased.
True or False-Data scrubbing is a mechanism provided by the computer system to assist users by prompting them to complete a task, verify information, or prevent entry of inappropriate information.
False- System checks, not data scrubbing, are mechanisms provided by the computer system to minimize incomplete tasks, verify information, and prevent entry of inappropriate information.
True or False- In the DIKW framework, information is described as data that is processed and organized so that relations and interactions may be identified.
False. Information is a continuum of progressively developing and clustered data. Relations and interactions are not yet evident in information alone.
computer literacy
Familiarity with the use of computers, including software tools such as word processing, spreadsheets, databases, presentation graphics and emails
Database
File structure that supports the storage of data in an organized fashion and allows data retrieval as meaningful information
Function test
Final process in project management phase two (planning) that ensures the innovation works as designed
wearable technologies
Fitness tracking and monitoring devices that collect and transmit specific patient da
Structured data
Fits into predetermined classifications, such as a list of selectable options
Situation specific theories
Focus on a specific nursing phenomenon, they are often bound to a specific type of clinical practice and focus on a specific population
Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER)
Formed to advance nurses competencies related to informatics. Primary objective was to develop a US nursing workforce capable of using electronic health records to improve the delivery of healthcare.
SNOMED Clinical Terms
Globally recognized, controlled-healthcare vocabulary that provides a common language for electronic health records.
Gantt chart
Graphic presentation that shows a project schedule with start and finish dates of selected component tasks and the person responsible for each task or sub task, it is used for at a glance management
Hospital Information System (HIS)
Group of information systems used within a hospital or enterprise that support and enhance patient care, and consists of two major types of information systems: clinical and administrative
Geographic information system
Hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information
HON
Health on the net. A nonprofit that provides a process for approval for websites with healthcare information and if sites are certified or not
Why is it necessary to ensure data integrity in healthcare?
Healthcare data and information is attractive to cybercriminals for the value it provides. Consumer health informatics applications store health information data in a variety of ways that may be accessible to cybertheft.
Asynchronous connected health
Healthcare services in a setting other than face to face
Informatics
INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD. It is the science and art of turning data into information. Combines computer/decision/information/management/cognitive sciences and organizational theory.
Data modeling
Identification of data requirements to support processes for an information system; this is a key step in the design of a database or HER
Orem's Self-Care Model
Identified 3 types of nursing systems; wholly compensatory (nurse cares for all patients needs), partly compensatory (nurse assists the patient to care for him/herself), and supportive educative, when the nurse assists the patient to learn how to care for him/herself. First published around 1950
Risk-management system
Identifies and documents potential risks and develops strategies to deal with the
Goals and Objectives
In the context of project management, goals identify the high level context for the project in alignment with the organization mission; project objectives delineate specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-specific activities to achieve the goals
Challenges in finding and using big data in healthcare
Incentives to share data, proprietary issues, lack of appropriate infrastructure, data quality, culture, costs, complexity of healthcare, insufficient expertise, a lack of nursing visibility, and big promises but limited progress.
Knowledge worker
Individual with a high degree of expertise, education, or experience who creates, distributes, and applies knowledge.
Enterprise system
Information system that improves the functions of a business entity or organization through integration and coordination of its processes.
smart technology
Integrated technology that saves time and physical burdens, and improves patient outcome
Critical care information system
Integrates captured physiological data with practitioner documentation and clinical data management functions, as well as access and communication with remote experts
Translation bioinformatics
Integration of bioinformatics, structural informatics, statistics, clinical informatics, and data mining to provide a foundation for personalized medicine
Business intelligence
Integration of business data from different sources to optimize its use and understanding in business decisions; data are comprised of strategies and processes, as well as a tool set.
Cloud computing
Internet-based on demand model of computing that relies upon shared resources; this model providers a higher level service than may be available locally with less investment of resources
Healthcare data is a valuable commodity. Because it is used to benefit the delivery of healthcare, there are many ways to maximize its value. What is a use in maximizing the value of healthcare data?
It is used to create clinical decision support tools to augment clinical care
American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)
It promotes excellence in nursing and healthcare through credentialing programs and educational materials for nursing specialty-practice areas.
Knowledge oriented systems
Large knowledge databases (medical articles) and artificial intelligence systems
Codes
Letters, numbers, or a combination therof, that represents concepts in a computer system
Goal alignment
Linking individual goal outcomes with organizational goal outcomes
Filtered resouces
Materials that have been preappraised for quality and content
Unfiltered resources
Materials without limits of quality or spe-cific criteria.
Bandwidth
Measure of the information carrying capacity of a communication channel
Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM)
Measures clinical outcomes, patient engagement, and clinical use of EMR technology to strengthen organizational performance and health outcomes across patient populations. Basically, it evaluates Health Information Systems.
Automatic sign off
Mechanism that logs a user off the computer after a specific period of inactivity
Connected health
Model or platform by which technology-assisted healthcare is delivered between at least two points, involving either synchronous assessment or asynchronous exchange
NANDA
NANDA was created by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association to provide standardized terms for nursing diagnoses.
The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has been tremendously helpful in allowing organizations to collect and share patient information. However, differences in format still exist. Standardization of healthcare data is important so that organizations can gather, classify, and aggregate data to discover new information, trends, and ways to improve care.
NANDA was created by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association to provide standardized terms for nursing diagnoses.
Which source provides tutorials that can be used to help determine the validity of health information?
National Library of medicine
Security rule
National set of security standards health information in electronic form. Goal is to protect the privacy while adopting new technologies to improve quality and efficiency of patient care. On a need-to-know basis
Syndromic surveillance
Near real-time use of early disease indicators from pre-diagnostic data, such as symptoms and assessment data, to detect and characterize events that may need public health investigation before diagnosis
Logical security
Non-tangible protocols used for identification, authentication, authorization, and accountability (ex: automatic sign-off after a period of inactivity).
National Quality Forum (NQF
Nonprofit, membership-based organization that works to improve healthcare through meaningful measurement.
Clinical Care classification system (CCC)
Nursing classification designed to document the six steps of the nursing process across the care continuum. Consists of two interconnected terminologies—the CCC of Nursing Diagnosis and Outcomes and the CCC of Nursing Interventions.
Physiological monitoring systems
Obtain and electronically store real-time patient data, collected intermittently or continu-ously, related to a variety of physiological parameters; data may be integrated with electronic health records.
Lewin's Change Model
One of several foundational theories for leading others through planned change; identifies three steps: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing
Lewins change model
One of several foundational theories for leading others through planned change; identifies three steps: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
Kotter's change management theory
One of several foundational theories of leading others through planned change; it delineates an eight-step process indicating buy-in from administration as important for success.
Task analysis
One of the most well-known collections of usability techniques, involving systematic methods of determining what users are required to do with systems by accounting for behavioral actions between users and comput-ers. It is used to determine the goals of a new system and the role of information technology in user activitie
OCR
Outcomes research. The goal of OCR is to improve the quality of care through the use of research data to improve outcomes, not the effectiveness of healthcare processes.
Consultants
Outside experts brought in to support/ educate / project team members and or end users
File deletion software
Overwrites files with meaningless information so that sensitive information cannot be accessed.
OVID
Ovid is a trusted database used for medical and allied healthcare research
Database Administrator (DBA)
Person responsible for overseeing all activities related to maintaining a database and optimizing its use
Consumer health informatics is a subspecialty of healthcare informatics that allows people to initiate and maintain active involvement and participation in their own health. What are the five common applications of consumer health informatics?
Personal Health Records, Telehealth, Mobile Health, Games for Health, and Health 2.0.
What are the five common applications of consumer health informatics?
Personal Health Records, Telehealth, Mobile Health, Games for Health, and Health 2.0.
Alert/ alarm fatigue
Phenomenon that occurs when the volume of alerts, alarms, or warning messages acts contrary to intention through desensitizing the clinician to the indicators and the purpose.
Hardware
Physical components of a computer
production environment
Point at which a planned information system is actually used to process and retrieve information and support the delivery of services.
user acceptance
Point at which users think that a new infor-matics application makes work easier and more effective and efficient.
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
Primary database used for nursing literature.
Consumer health informatics is considered a subspecialty area of healthcare informatics. It involves insight into consumer preferences and healthcare data information that allows consumers to actively plan, track, and participate in their healthcare strategies while also communicating with their healthcare providers for guidance and monitoring. What are three barriers to using this subspecialty type of healthcare informatics?
Privacy issues, cognitive disabilities, low health literacy
Project management institute
Private organization that defines standards and methodologies for organizing projects into structured processes and formats, provides educational resources on project management, and manages the certification of project managers.
Integration
Process by which two different information systems are able to exchange data in a way that is seamless to the end-user.
Data management
Process of controlling the storage, retrieval, and use of data to optimize accuracy and utility while safeguarding integrity
Business impact assessment or analysis
Process of determining the critical functions for the organization and the information vital to maintain operations, as well as the applications, databases, hardware, and communications facilities that use, house, or support this information
Dissemination
Process of widely transmission or circulating data and information, including research knowledge
Educational needs assesment
Process to obtain data on educational opportunities
Association for perioperative registered nurses
Professional organization representing perioperative registered nurses
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Professional organization that represents all registered nurses.
Malicious software
Programs written for the purpose of stealing information, causing annoyance, or performing covert actions.
Risk assessment and management plan
Project management phase two (planning) tool that documents, ranks, and tracks risks and determines how risks will be handled
Public health
Promotion and protection of the health of people and the communities where they work and live.
Information security
Protection of confidential information against inadvertent disclosure or threats to its integrity
Information system security
Protection of information systems and the information houses on them from unauthorized use or threats to integrity
Operational and business models
Prototypes for the management of health information networks for the health information exchange.
Data information knowledge and wisdom theory (DIKW)
Provide a general approach that can be applied to connect different disciplines and create a shared theoretical framework to guide nursing informatics practice and research .
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Provides a unique code for each user
continous quality improvement (CQI)
Provides continuous monitoring and evaluation of performance and supports audit capability, also know as a quality assurance system
Radiology Information System (RIS)
Provides scheduling of diagnostic tests, communication of patient information, generation of patient instructions and preparation procedures, and file room management.
Operating room information system
Provides software functions to manage real-time patient care in the perioperative period, to monitor and manage surgical resources, to support documentation, and to enable operational analyses; also known as surgical information systems or perioperative information systems.
Health information technology (HIT)
Provides the tools to enable the delivery of safe, quality care in an effective, efficient manner while improving communication and decreasing costs
Human resources information system
Provides tracking for payroll purposes, such as attendance and paid time off; health benefits, including insurance information and career development
Telehealth
Provision of information to healthcare providers and consumers and the delivery of services to clients at remote sites through the use of telecommunication and computer technology.
Mission
Purpose or reason for an organization's existence, representing the fundamental and unique aspirations that differentiate it from other
Mission
Purpose or reason for an organization's existence, representing the fundamental and unique aspirations that differentiate it from others.
Merit Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS)
QUALITY. Ensures Medicare patients get the right care at the right time. Uses PQRS (physician quality reporting systems) and Medicare EHRs that will be measured on quality, resource use, clinical-practice environment, and meaningful use of EHRs technology. For physicians to qualify for MIPS, they must bill Medicare more than $90,000/year and see more than 200 Medicare patients annually.
Metrics
Quantifiable indicators that determine the progress or conclusion of work toward a specific goa
Business intelligence
Refers to a strategy or process by which data from different sources is integrated for the purpose of optimizing its use and understanding its functionality.
One vendor
Refers to a suite of related, interoperable software applications that collectively make data more accessible, even though some individual applications may not provide the most highly rated solution for a given purpose
Measureable
Refers to an observable, quantifiable entity that can support a decision; in project management, measureable entities track progress and determine completion.
Sustainable models
Refers to business models that enable health information networks to function in the present environment and adapt to future environments.
Best of breed
Refers to the best available technology solution for a given purpose
configurability
Refers to the extent that a given software product can be adapted or changed to meet a user's preference.
Configurability
Refers to the extent that a given software product can be adapted or changed to meet a users preferences
Grief model
Refers to work by theorist Kubler Ross on the stages of grief, which are also seen with major changes generated by a HIT implementation
Electronic intensive care unit
Remote care option that allows critically ill patients to remain in rural hospitals with support from intensivists and ICU nurses at another location
Structural (imaging) informatics
Research and practice applications representing, managing, and using information about the physical organization of the body
Information and data privacy
Right to choose the conditions and extent to which information and beliefs are shared
Informatics
Science and art of turning data into information
Infodemiology
Science of distribution and determinants of information in an electronic format with the ultimate aim to inform public health and public policy, it may also be called information epidemiology
Discovery informatics
Scientific models and theories are used to create computer based discovery of new learning in big data, reducing reliance on human cognition
Ergonomics
Scientific study of work and space, including details that impact productivity and health
metaseach engine
Sends out simultaneous queries to other search tools, bypassing indexing structures for faster results than independent searches of the individual tools yield
Project management life cycle
Sequence of activities or phases conducted to design or initiate, plan, implement, monitor, control, and conclude any endeavor, including deployment of information technology.
antivirus software
Set of computer programs capable of finding and eliminating viruses and other malicious programs from scanned disks, computers, and networks
reference terminology
Set of concepts with definitional rela-tionships that is frequently an ontology and, therefore, can be used to support data aggregation, disaggregation, retrieval, and analysis.
Metadata
Set of data that provides information about how, when, and by whom data are collected, formatted, and stored
Information Networks
Set of standards, specifications, hardware, software, and policies that enable information exchange
Knowledge Management Systems
Sets of information systems that enable organizations to tap the expertise of their human resources to improve performance.
Continuity of Care Record (CCD)
Snapshot of a person's health and healthcare to a provider who does not have access to the person's EHR.
Open source
Software available for use and modification by the public at no cost.
Playground
Software environment where people can use a new system or application within a facility without fear of causing damage.
Closed source
Software owned by a vendor and for which a customer pays a fee to use but does not own
Decision Support Tool / Clinician Decision Support (CDS) / Decision Support System/Software (DDS
Software/app to help in the human decision process. The software will look at the patient's data and suggest appropriate medical/nursing interventions. It can also trigger prompts/alerts to the user. Requires human user input. Decreases patient safety risk and increases positive patient outcomes (ex: alerts for abnormal vitals, lab results, medication contraindications, etc.) The right components of a CDS include a trigger, such as a medication order; input data, such as lab values; intervention information, such as other options provided; and an action step, such as the action selected by the clinician.
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
Specialized communication net-work that uses sensors in or on the body to monitor and con-vey data to healthcare providers via the Internet
Kiosks
Specially housed computer systems designed for public use in unattended areas for access to health programs or search sites.
Roll out
Staggered, or rolling, system implementation, some-times refers to the preceding marketing campaign as well
Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS)
Standardized periopera-tive nursing vocabulary provides nurses with a clear, precise, and universal language for clinical problems and surgical treatments.
Digital camera imagery
Stores images digitally for ease of transmission and storage
Expanding search criteria
Strategies to improve database search results, such as adding Boolean operations "and", "or", "not", or text phrases
Healthcare terminology standards
Strategy to enable and support widespread interoperability among healthcare software applications for the purpose of sharing information
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
Structured approach to being aware of emotions- modifying emotional reactions
Knowledge Management (KM)
Structured process for the generation, storage, distribution, and application of both tacit knowledge (personal experience) and explicit knowledge (evidence).
Standardized terminologies
Structured, controlled languages developed according to terminology development guidelines and approved by an authoritative body
Implementation science
Studies how change takes place
Dental informatics
Sub discipline of clinical informatics dedicated to the improvement of dental health
Pharmacy information system (PIS)
Support the management and distribution of pharmacological products and related devices including inventory control, alerts, and reporting capability
Picture archiving and communication system (PACS)
Supports electronic storage, retrieval, presentation, and sharing of digi-tal images from x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography, ultrasound, and other imaging technologies.
Clinical Decision Support System
Supports healthcare practitioners in making patient care decisions by integrating patient data with current clinical knowledge
Anesthesia Information Management Systems
Supports real time anesthetic management of the patient in the operating suite
Knowledge
Synthesizing information from different sources to produce a concept of idea.
System checks
System checks are mechanisms provided by the computer system to minimize incomplete tasks, verify information, and prevent entry of inappropriate information.
Ontology
System that organizes concepts by meaning, describ-ing their definitional structure/relationship as well as orga-nizing the concepts for storage and retrieval of semantically accurate data
Data science
Systematic study of digital data
Workforce plan
Systematic, written plan addressing informat-ics training for healthcare staff
Data orientate systmes
Systems designed for patient monitoring, clinical laboratory data, diagnostic systems and imaging
Administrative information systems
Systems that support patient care by managing financial and demographic information and providing reporting capabilities
Confidentiality
Tacit understanding that private information shared in a situation in which a relationship has been established for the purpose of treatment or delivery of services will remain protected
Function
Task that may be automated or performed manually
Continuity of Care Record (CCR)
Technical informatics standard that providers a snapshot of a personal current health and healthcare to a provider who does not have access to that personals EMR
Criteria based standards
Technical specifications that include defining characteristics, content, formats, and workflows for use of the health information exchange
C Suite
Term used to refer to a corporation's senior executives such as the CEO
Doctorate of nursing practice (DNP)
Terminal degree with emphasis on EBP, quality improvement, and systems leadership
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)
Terminology that includes laboratory and clinical observations.
North America Nursing Diagnosis International
Terminology to identify human responses to health promotion, risk, and disease that is recognized by the American Nurses Association.
What is the purpose of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)?
The AHRQ's mission is to advance excellence in healthcare by producing evidence to make healthcare safer, higher quality, more accessible, equitable, and affordable
HHS
The HHS enhances and protects the health and well-being of all Americans through quality offerings in social services, medicine, and public health.
Health Information Technology for Economic & Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act)
The HITECH Act provides funds and incentives to increase EHRs by providers, improve policy decisions, and allocate services, funded workforce training, and new technology research. HITECH strongly recommends increasing meaningful use of HIT to decrease overall healthcare cost and to improve population health
National Health information network
The Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) for Health Information Technology (HIT) initiative to provide the standards, services, and policies that enable secure health information exchange (HIE) over the Internet.
Device integration
The ability of systems to talk to each other, for example; cardiac monitors that automatically download data into the EHR
Interoperability
The ability of two entities, human or machine, to exchange and predictably use data or information while retaining the original meaning of that data.
Interoperability
The ability of two entities, human or machine, to exchange and predictably use data or information while retaining the original meaning of the data. A nurse informaticist can increase interoperability by promoting standardized vocabulary and coding. This reduces errors, increases revenue, and increases communication. Interoperability allows timely and seamless portability of information and optimizes the health of individuals and populations globally through this seamless exchange.
Classification system
The approach that uses mutually exclusive categories for specific purposes such as describing the details of a patient encounter for clinical, administrative, or reimbursement issues
Benchmark
The continual process of measuring services and practices against the toughest competitors in the healthcare industry. Comparing the performance of an organization or clinician to others.
Difference in electronic health records VS electronic medical record
The electronic health record is the software, medical record is a legal log of each encounter
Semantic interoperability
The exchange of data in which the meaning remains the same on both ends of the transaction
Outcomes research (OCR)
The goal of OCR is to improve the quality of care through the use of research data to improve outcomes, not the effectiveness of healthcare processes.
Digital curation
The long term preservation and maintenance of digital data for later access and use
Business- continuality management
The process to ensure that organizations can withstand any disruption to normal functioning
Data analysis
The processing of data that identify trends and patterns of relationships.
Human factors
The scientific study of interaction between people, machines, and their work environments
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
The study of how people design, implement, evaluate, and use interactive computer systems.
Data mining
The technique that looks for hidden patterns and relationships in large groups of data using software
Certificate authority
The trusted third party that issues digital certificates that certify ownership of a public key
VBM
The value-based model rewards providers and organizations for quality-driven care based on their ability to meet set quality measures and indicators.
Which healthcare policy reform introduced in 2008 focuses on rewarding providers with incentives based on the quality of care they deliver as opposed to the volume of care?
The value-based model rewards providers and organizations for quality-driven care based on their ability to meet set quality measures and indicators.
Knowledge work / workflow
The work gathering data to create information
Kubler Ross
Theorist who identified stages of grief, which are also seen with major changes generated by a HIT implementa-tion; also referred to as the grief model
Translational Bioinformatics
This area deals with the storage, analysis, and interpretation of large volumes of data. It includes research into ways to integrate findings into the work of scientists, clinicians, and healthcare consumers
Data Source 1: Medical records
This data source is used to track events and transactions between patients and health care providers.
Learning curve
Time required for end users to adapt to and efficiently, effectively, and competently use an information technology system or subsystem.
Meaningful use of data
To be useful, data and information must be available when needed, to whom it is needed and in a form that can be analyzed or used
Communication plan
Tool used in phase two of project management that shows how each upper leadership shareholder and team member will receive communication and updates on the project status and issues.
TANIC, NICA- L3/L4
Tools developed to test competencies at four levels of practice, beginner and experienced nurses, informatics nurse specialists, and innovator
Admission discharge transfer system
Tracks patient activities and location from admission through all transfers within a facility through discharge
Push or pull function
Two communication methods that can be built into communication software as optional functions. The push method distributes data and information without a request from a receiver. The pull method requires a user to actively access desired data and information
Firewall
Type of gateway designed to protect private network resources from outside hackers, network damage, and theft or misuse of information
Affordable care act
US legislation intended to improve healthcare quality through using information technology, ensuring affordable care, and increasing the number of insured persons.
Feature creep
Uncontrolled addition of features and functions without regard to timelines or budget
Scope creep
Unexpected and uncontrolled growth of user expectations as a project progresses.
think-aloud protocol
Usability method where users talk about what they are doing as they interact with an application. Interactions are observed or recorded and analyzed.
Digital literacy
Use of computer technology and smartphones to read and interpret media, reproduce data and images, and evaluate and apply knowledge gained through exploration of the digital world; it may be used interchangeably with computer literacy
consumer health informatics (CHI)
Use of electronic information and communication to improve medical outcomes and health care decision making from the patient/ consumer perspective
Consumer Health Informatics (CHI)
Use of electronic information and communication to improve medical outcomes and health-care decision making from the patient/consumer perspective. Three barriers include: Privacy issues, cognitive disabilities, low health literacy. Five examples: Personal Health Records, Telehealth, Mobile Health, Games for Health, and Health 2.0. Telehealth is defined as healthcare at a distance through the use of technology that connects the patient and the clinician in real time.
Meaningful use (MU)
Use of health information technology (HIT) legislated by ARRA of 2009 to collect specific data with the intent to improve care and populations health, engage patients, and ensure privacy and security, with financial incentive from Medicare and Medicaid to providers. (Goals - engage patients, exchange data in an accurate/complete way, improve patient care in a cost-effective way, improve healthcare overall).
Meaningful use
Use of health information technology (HIT) legislated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to collect specific data with the intent to improve care and population health, engage patients, and ensure privacy and security.
Telemedicine
Use of telecommunication technologies and computers to provide medical information and services to clients at another site.
Telenursing
Use of telecommunications and computer technology for the delivery of nursing care to clients at another location.
mHealth
Use of wireless devices and sensor networks to access healthcare information or services from the community, or to transmit information to provide
Analytical science
Uses a variety of methods and instruments to answer 2 basic questions: What do I have? How much of it do I have? Environment, pharmacy, safety & security, fraud detection, and healthcare diagnostics.
Predictive models (Predictive analytics)
Uses past and current data to forecase the likelihood of an event
Financial system
Uses patient demographic data and insurance information to charge for services and receive reimbursement; this is integrated with the registration system
Portal
Websites that collect information from the user and offer personalized features for individual users that may require registration
Current state
What is occuring now and might not be working
Contextual inquiry
When an informaticist interviewed and observes users at their actual sites, one person at a time, focusing on users point of view
eHealth
Wide range of healthcare activities involving the electronic transfer of health related information on the internet
radio frequency
Wireless technology that creates detectable electromagnetic waves; common examples include anti-theft tags on store inventory and identification badges.
Scope document
Written description of a project's goal(s) and what must be done to achieve the goal(s
Codified
a concept with an assigned code
disruptive innovation
a new product, service, or process that begins in a small market and rapidly attracts larger market until it replaces existing dominant products, services, and processes
Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD)
a process of iterative sequence that entails the following steps; understanding the domain; understanding the data used in the domain; data preparation that handles missing values or removes redundant or irrelevant data; applying methods to extract data (namely data mining); and data presentation.
Data scrubbing
a process that improves data quality to imporve analysis
Biometrics
a unique, measurable characteristic or trait of a human being for automatically recognizing or verifying identity
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
agency within the department of health and human services devoted to improving healthcare quality and safety.
Bioinformartics
applying informatics skills to understand and organize information associated with life at the molecular and genetic levels, inclusive research, taxonomies, and standard terminologies
Disease registries
collections of secondary data related to patients with a specific diagnosis, condition, or procedure.
Data source 3: Survey
collects information directly from participants and relies on the participants' interpretation of what they recall and not necessarily what transpired.
Healthcare information system
computer hardware and software dedicated to the collection, storage, processing, retrieval, and communication of patient care information in a healthcare organization
Clinical informatics
delivery of timely, safe, efficient, effective, evidence-based and patient-centered care
Real time analytics (RTA)
examines current data in real time. Unfettered by the time lag associated with the use of historical data, which may no longer apply and can negatrivtly impact decisions
Knowledge translation (KT)
from the point of valid research findings to implementation at the bedside can take place through many well-documented models. KT requires a culture that is willing to accept a change of practice, facilitation of implementation methods, key stakeholders that include bedside clinicians and administrators, and post implementation evaluation
Back loaded
information that is preloaded into the system before the go live
Business intelligence
integration of business data from different sources to optimize its use and understanding in business decisions, data are compromises of strategies and processes, as well as a tool set
Health literacy
involves teaching patients enough information about their illnesses and about how the health system works so that they can be legitimate partners in the appropriate management of their health.
Clinical Information Systems
large, computerized database management systems used to access the patient data that are needed to plan, implement, and evaluate care. May also be known as patient care information systems
Information consent
occurs when an individual authorizes healthcare personnel to use and share his or her information based on an informed understanding of how this information will be shared and used for treatment purposes
PGHD
patient generated health data, created, recorded, gathered by or from patients, fit bits, online, etc.
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) provides evidence-based healthcare quality indicators that can be used with hospital inpatient administrative data to measure and track clinical performance and outcomes.Name the four types of quality indicators.
prevention quality indicators, inpatient quality indicators, patient safety indicators, pediatric quality indicators.
The four types of quality indicators are
prevention quality indicators, inpatient quality indicators, patient safety indicators, pediatric quality indicators.
The 21st Century Cures Act
promotes patients' access to their electronic health information through advanced innovation. It also addresses the need to eliminate industry-wide information-blocking practices.
The 21st Century Cures Act, in its final rule,
promotes patients' access to their electronic health information through advanced innovation. It also addresses the need to eliminate industry-wide information-blocking practices.
Data warehouse
provides a powerful method of managing and analyzing data
Business Intelligence (BI)
refers to the strategy, processes, and tool set that integrates data from different sources for the purpose of optimizing its use and understanding
The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)
requires that federal agencies make results of federally funded scientific research available to the public, industry, and scientific communities
Keyword
significant term or concept used to index resources and, later, to search for resources containing the same word
International standards
technical informatics standards allowing worldwide communication of patient information
Some models for change
the Stetler model, Iowa model of evidence-based practice, ACE star model, and PARIHS framework
A key factor in the integration of research into practice
the ability to determine the strength or level of evidence and to critique the quality of the study
Information literacy
the ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, and effectively use the information needed
Analytics
the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data
Cognitive walkthrough
the usability assessment method is a detailed review of a sequence
Data cleaning
use of software to improve the quality of data to ensure that it is accurate enough for use in data mining and warehousing
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
used by the controlled vocabulary thesaurus of the National Library of Medicine to index articles in Pubmed, a free search engine maintained by NLM
Data source 2: sureveillance
used to monitor outbreaks of specific diseases and conditions.
Data source 4: Vital signs
used to provide information on fixed data elements at the state and national level.
Big data
very large data sets that are analyzed to reveal patterns, trends, and associations