Information technology in nursing practice

Project Management Lifestyle Cycle (PLMC)

1) Design/Plan - Scope document: Official document that details how the project will be managed and what the project requirements are. Scope Creep - Unapproved change, which can cause serious delays or project failure. As the scope and charter are developed, a GAP analysis is completed and used to identify needed changes in workflow. GAP Analysis - A list of features & functions desired, but not immediately available in the new system as identified. 2) Implementation - Training the staff/end-users in this phase. With change, different behaviors can develop (ex: resignation, resistance, feelings of loss, etc.)

Time lag between research finding and integration into practice average

17 years

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)

A classification system that lists medical services and procedures performed by physicians, and is used for physician billing and payer reimbursement

Telepresenter

A clinically and technically trained facilitator on the "patient end" of a connected health encounter that assists in assuring high quality clinical care and patient safety.

Information system

A computer system that uses hardware and software to process data into information in order to solve a problem

Learning health system (LHS)

A health system in which science, information, incentives, and culture are aligned for continuous improvement and innovation, with best practices seamlessly embedded in the delivery process and new knowledge captured as a by-product of the delivery experience

Worm

A malicious program named for the type of damage left behind. It often uses network communication practices to spread itself.

Health games (gamification)

A means to educate consumers on health issues

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A mechanism provided by a computer system to assist users by prompting them to complete a task, verify information, or prevent entry of inappropriate information.

System check

A mechanism provided by a computer system to assist users by prompting them to complete a task, verify information, or prevent entry of inappropriate information.

Garbage can model

A model of organizational decision making, including policy-making processes

Health on the Net Foundation (HON)

A nonprofit, private organization dedicated to ensuring quality health information on the Internet through an accreditation process; once accreditation is achieved, the HON code seal appears on the website and may be verified by browser searches

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

A plan to develop project timelines or schedule a hierarchical arrangement of all specific tasks by using project-planning software.

SWOT analysis

A process that examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a given situation

Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS)

A professional association of health information technology skate holders and vendors, now manages TIGER

Health.IT.gov

A rich source of HIT information

Site visit

A scheduled information-gathering trip to another organization using the information system under consideration for adoption.

Training enviroment

A separate software application that mirrors the actual information system but permits learners to practice skills without harm to the system or data contained in it. Makes use of fictitious clients and scenarios for instruction and practice.

test environment

A separate software program similar to the one used for the actual application or information system that allows programming changes to be tested prior to their implementation in the actual system, thereby protecting the "real" system from unwanted alterations.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A sequence of activities in the planning, designing, testing, implementation, and evaluation of an information system or sub-system.

Wrist wearable unit

A smartwatch with the capability to moni-tor and transmit wearers' activity

Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)

A standardized classifi-cation of interventions that describes the activities that nurses perform.

international classification of nursing practice

A system that serves to unify various approved nursing languages and classification systems to ensure the acceptance of common meanings across different settings.

fishbone

A tool for analyzing the organizational processes and its effectiveness. Help team members visually diagram a problem or conditions root causes, allowing them to truly diagnose the problem rather than focusing on symptoms

Vendor Evaluation Matrix Tool

A tool that facilitates selection of health information technology, consisting of a method for prioritizing vendors and assessment questions that address functionality and usability; it is available through HealthIT.gov.

Expert system

A type of CDS/DDS but does NOT need human intervention, uses artificial intelligence (ex. Insulin pump).

The Joint Commission (TJC)

ACCREDITATION. Key standards of information management: protect and aggregate data, uniform definitions/language, teach information management (training), and address disaster and preparedness.

Data Inegrity

Ability to collect, store, and retrieve correct, complete, and current data so that the data are available to authorized users when needed. Can be compromised by incorrect entry of information, data tampering, and system failure. Prevention by implementing security measures and audit trails. Data integrity is the state wherein data are uncorrupted, accurate, and valid.

Data integirty

Ability to collect; store and retrieve correct, complete and current data so that the data are available to authorized users when needed

Informatics competencies

Ability to perform the tasks associate with informatics

Literacy

Ability to process and critique meaning using reading, writing, and oral language within a specific context.

eHealth literacy

Ability to use electronic sources to search for, find, comprehend, and evaluate information and images found online, and apply acquired knowledge to address or solve a health issue

Authentication

Action that verifies the authority of users to receive specified data

Authorization

Action that verifies the authority of users to receive specified data

ID management

Administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources

Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

Advanced practice nurse prepared at the graduate level to practice in a specialty area who often engages in research, supports direct care nurses, and helps drive practice changes

Consolidated-Clinical Document Architecture (C-CDA)

Allows interoperability of health information exchange between hospital systems.

interface terminology

Also know as point of care terminology, it consists of terms familiar to clinicians

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Also known as the Kennedy Kassabaum bill, it is the first federal legislation to protect automatic client records and to mandate that all electronic transactions include only HIPPA compliant codes

Omaha system

American Nurses Association recognized research-based taxonomy that provides a framework for integrating and sharing clinical data. It is widely used in set-tings such as home care, hospice, public health, school health, and prisons.

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

An XML-based format that allows frequent updates of content on the World Wide Web.

Results reporting

An application that enables direct electronic sharing of an individual's laboratory and other diagnostic test results within that person's electronic health record

Computerized provider (or practitioner) order system

An application that supports direct electronic entry of patient care-related orders by authorized practitioners and direct transmission of those orders to designated entities

Audiovisual monitor

An electronic device for displaying video and audio output from an information source

Chief nursing informatics officer

An executive leadership role that represents nursing interests with informatics related practices, policies and issues

Maintenance

An information system life cycle phase that includes evaluation; the period in which new behaviors, such as work flows and processes, are solidified

International classification of diseases

An international standard diagnostic classification for health-management purposes and clinical use; it is used to classify mortality and morbidity data from patient records.

Change Control Board (CCB)

An organizations entity that handles requests for changes or issues in order to keep project scope manageable as plans to implement HIT move forward

Peripheal Devices

Any device attached externally to a com-puter (e.g., scanners, mouse pointers, printers, keyboards, and clinical monitors such as pulse oximeters and weight scales).

Medical informatics

Application of informatics to all of the healthcare disciplines as well as the practice of medicine.

clinical research informatics

Application of informatics to methods supporting clinical and translational research, particularly knowledge discovery and secondary use of data

Public health informatics

Application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and learning.

Wisdom

Application of knowledge to manage and solve problem

Knowledge translation

Applying research to practice

Middle range theories

Are more limited in scope, focus on a specific phenomenon and reflect practice (teaching, clinical, or administrative). Cross different nursing fields and reflect a wide variety of nursing care situations.

Nursing Role in Informatics:

Assessment - analysis of what is needed Developing - develop the care/project plan Implementing - implement the plan Monitoring - monitor the outcomes Evaluating - lessons learned with knowledge transfer

Heuristic evaluations

Assessments of a product according to accepted guidelines or published usability principles

Unified medical language system

Attempt to standardize terms used in healthcare delivery. It is a metathesaurus that contains more than a hundred source vocabularies.

American Recover and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)

Authorized INCENTIVE PAYMENTS to specific types of hospitals and healthcare professionals for adopting and using interoperable Health Information Technology and EHR's. ARRA provides economic stimuli and incentives for the adoption of EHRs.

Measures of success

Benchmarks by which a project may be deemed as having met its intended purpose(s), such as user acceptance or fulfilling business objectives.

Grand theories

Broad theories and are not amendable to empirical testing

With the proliferation of data in healthcare, big data is a common term used in the healthcare industry.

Business intelligence refers to a strategy or process by which data from different sources is integrated for the purpose of optimizing its use and understanding its functionality

survivability

Capability of a system, as a whole, to fulfill its mission in a timely manner, in the presence of attacks, failures, or accidents.

Meaningful Use (MU) Core Requirements

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) developed core criteria that defined basic functions of EHRs must demonstrate. Basic entry of clinical information, requiring standardized terminology across the board, use of several software applications, entry of clinical orders with safety measures. (Three required stages include: stage 1 - electronic capturing & sharing of data between hospitals/providers; stage 2 - requires pts to view, download, or transmit their health information online, capability for secure messaging between providers/patients, and reporting public health measures, advancing clinical processes; stage 3 - focuses on the enhanced use of EHRs to promote Health Information Exchange & Improve care, and improving patient outcomes (ex: electronic prescribing)).

Repository

Central storage location for dta

CDS

Clinical decision support (CDS) systems provide clinicians, staff, patients, or other individuals with data-driven and patient-specific information at the appropriate time so that decisions can be made appropriately during the clinical workflow. You have been asked to look up information related to CDS systems for your organization to determine their effectiveness. CDS systems are widely used by healthcare organizations for the value they provide specific to the needs of each organization, not necessarily to be aligned with one another.

Information oriented sysmters

Clinical information systems that can provide administrative support and healthcare decision support

Computer forensics

Collection of electronic evidence for purposes of litigation and internal investigations

Data

Collection of numbers, characters, or facts that are gathered according to some perceived need for analysis and possible action at a late point in time

Data governance (DG)

Collection of policies, standards, processes, and controls applied to an organizations data to ensure that it is available to appropriate persons when, where, and in the format needed while maintaining security

Knowledge databases

Collections of literature and research evidence that are indexed to support organized search and retrieval.

buisness continuity planning (BCP)

Combines information technology and disaster recovery planning with business functions recovery planning

Cybercrime

Commonly refers to the theft of personal information stored on computers, such as social security numbers

3 types of research used in healthcare

Comparative effectiveness research (CER), health services research (HSR), and outcomes research (OCR)

Gap anaylsis

Comparison of actual performance with potential or desired performance

Point of care

Computer access at the actual worksite, which, in the delivery of healthcare, is at the patient's bedsid

Interface

Computer program that tells 2 different systems how to exchange data

Design support software

Computer programs that organize information to aid choices related to patient care or administrative issues

Laboratory information system (LIS)

Computer system for use by laboratories that provides many benefits as a result of automated order entry

Clinical research informatics

Concentrates on discovery and management of new knowledge pertinent to health and disease from clinical trials and via secondary data use

User Experience

Concept addressing all aspects of a user's interaction with a service, system, or HIT product.

Clinical terminology

Concepts that support clinical constructs, such as diagnostic studies, history and physical exams, visit notes, ancillary department information, nursing notes, assessments, flow sheets, vital signs, and outcome measures. This can be mapped to a broader classification system for administrative, regulatory, and fiscal reporting requirements

Nursing theories

Conceptualization of some aspect of nursing reality communicated for the purpose of describing phenomena, explaining relationships between phenomena, predicting consequences or prescribing nursing care

Digization

Conversion of data and information into an electronic format

Process Interoperability

Coordinates systems enabling business processes at organizations and allowing systems to work together.

Federal register

Daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of the US government

Which statement about data is accurate as it relates to quality improvement initiatives?

Data allows measurement of the quality of healthcare delivery to determine whether planned measures result in improvement.

Spyware

Data collection mechanism that installs itself with-out the user's permission during web browsing or when downloading softwar

DIKW

Data information knowledge wisdom. Information is a continuum of progressively developing and clustered data. Relations and interactions are not yet evident in information alone.

Data mining VS data scrubbing

Data mining- Technique that look for hidden patterns and relationships in large groups of data using software. Data scrubbing- Data scrubbing is the process by which incorrect, incomplete, duplicate, or improperly formatted items are removed using special software designated for this purpose.

Information

Data that has been interpreted

Go live

Date when an information system is first used or the process of starting to use an information system

Bioinformatics

Defined as studying biology by applying informatics skills to understand and organize the information associated with these ,molecule's on a large scale

Project scope

Defines the size and details of an effort

Five phases of the project management life cycle

Design or initiation, planning, implementation, monitoring and control, and closure with lessons learned.

Nice to haves

Desired components considered non-critical for inclusion in an information system; these are features that can wait until system optimization

Internet of things

Devices with embedded microchips, sensors, and actuators that use Internet Protocol (IP) to share data with other machines or software over communications networks, examples include thermostats, appliances, and more

value-based reimbursement (VBR)

Diagnostic tests and treatment options were based on the value of those tests and treatments to patient and organizational outcomes. The hope was to reduce the number of necessary or limited-valued test and treatments. The value-based model rewards providers and organizations for quality-driven care based on their ability to meet set quality measures and indicators.

National Quality Strategy

Document prepared by the US Department of Health and Human Services that helps healthcare stakeholders across the country-- patients; providers; employers; health insurance companies; academic researchers; and local, state, and federal governments-- prioritize quality improvement efforts, share lessons, and measure collective success. Published in 2011

Request for Proposal (RFP)

Document sent to vendors detailing the requirements of a potential information system with the purpose of soliciting proposals from vendors that describe their capabilities to meet these requirements.

What is an example of a common data integrity issue that occurs as a result of cloning, or copying, when documenting in the electronic medical record (EMR)?

Documentation of vital signs that do not vary. Documentation that lacks descriptive content may contribute to data integrity issues but is not considered cloning.

unstructured data examples

Documents, emails, and multimedia

eHEALS

Ehealh literacy scale. A tool that measures ehealth literacy

Health Information Exchange (HIE)

Electronic sharing of patient information between healthcare providers according to nationally recognized standards, allows insurance companies and providers to share data, must be secure and maintain integrity. It works by improving the speed, quality, safety, and cost of patient care. Query-based exchange is often used for unplanned events. Like a visit to the emergency department. It allows providers to find and request information on a patient from other providers. Directed exchange is used to support coordinated care and allows the ability to send and receive secure information electronically between care providers. Consumer-mediated exchange allows the ability for patients to review, manage, and control the use of their health information among providers.

Healthcare Information Exchange

Electronic sharing of patient information such as demographic data, allergies, presenting complaint, diagnostic test values, and other relevant data between providers such as primary physicians, specialists, hospitals, and ambulatory care settings according to nationally recognized standard

Audit trail

Electronic tool that can track system access by individual user, by user class, or by all persons who viewed a specific client record

Lab on a chip

Emerging informatics technology that provides point of care complex biochemical analyses via small-volume samples for the purpose of early diagnosis, preventing debilitating illness, and containing costs.

Master person index (MPI)

Enterprise-wide database containing a unique identifier for every person (patient) registered at the organization.

Clinical data network

Entities developed to support research on patient outcomes rather than the care delivered; are typically comprised of several types of healthcare systems that partner to conduct research.

Health information networks

Entities that enable the exchange of patient-level information within a multi-site healthcare organization, within a collection of such organizations in one state or within a collection of such organizations across states

Continuity planing

Essential component of strategic planning designed to maintain business operations

Real time analytics

Examines current data to foster learning and prediction; in clinical settings, it uses point of care data from multiple sources to present immediate, actionable information to clinicians.

Informatics innovator

Expected to be educationally prepared to conduct informatics research, generate informatics theory, and have advanced understanding and skills in information management and computer technology.

Lobbyists

Experts at encouraging others to act in a predetermined way.

Concept

Expression with a single unambiguous meaning, although is may have one or more representations called synonyms or terms. Used to document ideas and express orders, assessments and outcomes with an EHR, they are uniquely identified by codes

resource availability

Extent to which planned-for resources are capable or ready to be used when needed in a project.

Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD)

Extraction of implicit, unknown, and potentially useful information from data

Who is barcode medication administration mandated by?

FDA

Project Implementation Team /

FIRST TASK IS TO DEVELOP A TIMELINE - Comprised of representatives from the ser departments. Project team needs to be actively involved as an end-user. Implementation committee determines the project implementation strategy. Interdisciplinary will plan, test, train, etc. after the EHR is purchased.

True or False-Data scrubbing is a mechanism provided by the computer system to assist users by prompting them to complete a task, verify information, or prevent entry of inappropriate information.

False- System checks, not data scrubbing, are mechanisms provided by the computer system to minimize incomplete tasks, verify information, and prevent entry of inappropriate information.

True or False- In the DIKW framework, information is described as data that is processed and organized so that relations and interactions may be identified.

False. Information is a continuum of progressively developing and clustered data. Relations and interactions are not yet evident in information alone.

computer literacy

Familiarity with the use of computers, including software tools such as word processing, spreadsheets, databases, presentation graphics and emails

Database

File structure that supports the storage of data in an organized fashion and allows data retrieval as meaningful information

Function test

Final process in project management phase two (planning) that ensures the innovation works as designed

wearable technologies

Fitness tracking and monitoring devices that collect and transmit specific patient da

Structured data

Fits into predetermined classifications, such as a list of selectable options

Situation specific theories

Focus on a specific nursing phenomenon, they are often bound to a specific type of clinical practice and focus on a specific population

Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER)

Formed to advance nurses competencies related to informatics. Primary objective was to develop a US nursing workforce capable of using electronic health records to improve the delivery of healthcare.

SNOMED Clinical Terms

Globally recognized, controlled-healthcare vocabulary that provides a common language for electronic health records.

Gantt chart

Graphic presentation that shows a project schedule with start and finish dates of selected component tasks and the person responsible for each task or sub task, it is used for at a glance management

Hospital Information System (HIS)

Group of information systems used within a hospital or enterprise that support and enhance patient care, and consists of two major types of information systems: clinical and administrative

Geographic information system

Hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information

HON

Health on the net. A nonprofit that provides a process for approval for websites with healthcare information and if sites are certified or not

Why is it necessary to ensure data integrity in healthcare?

Healthcare data and information is attractive to cybercriminals for the value it provides. Consumer health informatics applications store health information data in a variety of ways that may be accessible to cybertheft.

Asynchronous connected health

Healthcare services in a setting other than face to face

Informatics

INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD. It is the science and art of turning data into information. Combines computer/decision/information/management/cognitive sciences and organizational theory.

Data modeling

Identification of data requirements to support processes for an information system; this is a key step in the design of a database or HER

Orem's Self-Care Model

Identified 3 types of nursing systems; wholly compensatory (nurse cares for all patients needs), partly compensatory (nurse assists the patient to care for him/herself), and supportive educative, when the nurse assists the patient to learn how to care for him/herself. First published around 1950

Risk-management system

Identifies and documents potential risks and develops strategies to deal with the

Goals and Objectives

In the context of project management, goals identify the high level context for the project in alignment with the organization mission; project objectives delineate specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-specific activities to achieve the goals

Challenges in finding and using big data in healthcare

Incentives to share data, proprietary issues, lack of appropriate infrastructure, data quality, culture, costs, complexity of healthcare, insufficient expertise, a lack of nursing visibility, and big promises but limited progress.

Knowledge worker

Individual with a high degree of expertise, education, or experience who creates, distributes, and applies knowledge.

Enterprise system

Information system that improves the functions of a business entity or organization through integration and coordination of its processes.

smart technology

Integrated technology that saves time and physical burdens, and improves patient outcome

Critical care information system

Integrates captured physiological data with practitioner documentation and clinical data management functions, as well as access and communication with remote experts

Translation bioinformatics

Integration of bioinformatics, structural informatics, statistics, clinical informatics, and data mining to provide a foundation for personalized medicine

Business intelligence

Integration of business data from different sources to optimize its use and understanding in business decisions; data are comprised of strategies and processes, as well as a tool set.

Cloud computing

Internet-based on demand model of computing that relies upon shared resources; this model providers a higher level service than may be available locally with less investment of resources

Healthcare data is a valuable commodity. Because it is used to benefit the delivery of healthcare, there are many ways to maximize its value. What is a use in maximizing the value of healthcare data?

It is used to create clinical decision support tools to augment clinical care

American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)

It promotes excellence in nursing and healthcare through credentialing programs and educational materials for nursing specialty-practice areas.

Knowledge oriented systems

Large knowledge databases (medical articles) and artificial intelligence systems

Codes

Letters, numbers, or a combination therof, that represents concepts in a computer system

Goal alignment

Linking individual goal outcomes with organizational goal outcomes

Filtered resouces

Materials that have been preappraised for quality and content

Unfiltered resources

Materials without limits of quality or spe-cific criteria.

Bandwidth

Measure of the information carrying capacity of a communication channel

Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM)

Measures clinical outcomes, patient engagement, and clinical use of EMR technology to strengthen organizational performance and health outcomes across patient populations. Basically, it evaluates Health Information Systems.

Automatic sign off

Mechanism that logs a user off the computer after a specific period of inactivity

Connected health

Model or platform by which technology-assisted healthcare is delivered between at least two points, involving either synchronous assessment or asynchronous exchange

NANDA

NANDA was created by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association to provide standardized terms for nursing diagnoses.

The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has been tremendously helpful in allowing organizations to collect and share patient information. However, differences in format still exist. Standardization of healthcare data is important so that organizations can gather, classify, and aggregate data to discover new information, trends, and ways to improve care.

NANDA was created by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association to provide standardized terms for nursing diagnoses.

Which source provides tutorials that can be used to help determine the validity of health information?

National Library of medicine

Security rule

National set of security standards health information in electronic form. Goal is to protect the privacy while adopting new technologies to improve quality and efficiency of patient care. On a need-to-know basis

Syndromic surveillance

Near real-time use of early disease indicators from pre-diagnostic data, such as symptoms and assessment data, to detect and characterize events that may need public health investigation before diagnosis

Logical security

Non-tangible protocols used for identification, authentication, authorization, and accountability (ex: automatic sign-off after a period of inactivity).

National Quality Forum (NQF

Nonprofit, membership-based organization that works to improve healthcare through meaningful measurement.

Clinical Care classification system (CCC)

Nursing classification designed to document the six steps of the nursing process across the care continuum. Consists of two interconnected terminologies—the CCC of Nursing Diagnosis and Outcomes and the CCC of Nursing Interventions.

Physiological monitoring systems

Obtain and electronically store real-time patient data, collected intermittently or continu-ously, related to a variety of physiological parameters; data may be integrated with electronic health records.

Lewin's Change Model

One of several foundational theories for leading others through planned change; identifies three steps: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing

Lewins change model

One of several foundational theories for leading others through planned change; identifies three steps: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

Kotter's change management theory

One of several foundational theories of leading others through planned change; it delineates an eight-step process indicating buy-in from administration as important for success.

Task analysis

One of the most well-known collections of usability techniques, involving systematic methods of determining what users are required to do with systems by accounting for behavioral actions between users and comput-ers. It is used to determine the goals of a new system and the role of information technology in user activitie

OCR

Outcomes research. The goal of OCR is to improve the quality of care through the use of research data to improve outcomes, not the effectiveness of healthcare processes.

Consultants

Outside experts brought in to support/ educate / project team members and or end users

File deletion software

Overwrites files with meaningless information so that sensitive information cannot be accessed.

OVID

Ovid is a trusted database used for medical and allied healthcare research

Database Administrator (DBA)

Person responsible for overseeing all activities related to maintaining a database and optimizing its use

Consumer health informatics is a subspecialty of healthcare informatics that allows people to initiate and maintain active involvement and participation in their own health. What are the five common applications of consumer health informatics?

Personal Health Records, Telehealth, Mobile Health, Games for Health, and Health 2.0.

What are the five common applications of consumer health informatics?

Personal Health Records, Telehealth, Mobile Health, Games for Health, and Health 2.0.

Alert/ alarm fatigue

Phenomenon that occurs when the volume of alerts, alarms, or warning messages acts contrary to intention through desensitizing the clinician to the indicators and the purpose.

Hardware

Physical components of a computer

production environment

Point at which a planned information system is actually used to process and retrieve information and support the delivery of services.

user acceptance

Point at which users think that a new infor-matics application makes work easier and more effective and efficient.

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)

Primary database used for nursing literature.

Consumer health informatics is considered a subspecialty area of healthcare informatics. It involves insight into consumer preferences and healthcare data information that allows consumers to actively plan, track, and participate in their healthcare strategies while also communicating with their healthcare providers for guidance and monitoring. What are three barriers to using this subspecialty type of healthcare informatics?

Privacy issues, cognitive disabilities, low health literacy

Project management institute

Private organization that defines standards and methodologies for organizing projects into structured processes and formats, provides educational resources on project management, and manages the certification of project managers.

Integration

Process by which two different information systems are able to exchange data in a way that is seamless to the end-user.

Data management

Process of controlling the storage, retrieval, and use of data to optimize accuracy and utility while safeguarding integrity

Business impact assessment or analysis

Process of determining the critical functions for the organization and the information vital to maintain operations, as well as the applications, databases, hardware, and communications facilities that use, house, or support this information

Dissemination

Process of widely transmission or circulating data and information, including research knowledge

Educational needs assesment

Process to obtain data on educational opportunities

Association for perioperative registered nurses

Professional organization representing perioperative registered nurses

American Nurses Association (ANA)

Professional organization that represents all registered nurses.

Malicious software

Programs written for the purpose of stealing information, causing annoyance, or performing covert actions.

Risk assessment and management plan

Project management phase two (planning) tool that documents, ranks, and tracks risks and determines how risks will be handled

Public health

Promotion and protection of the health of people and the communities where they work and live.

Information security

Protection of confidential information against inadvertent disclosure or threats to its integrity

Information system security

Protection of information systems and the information houses on them from unauthorized use or threats to integrity

Operational and business models

Prototypes for the management of health information networks for the health information exchange.

Data information knowledge and wisdom theory (DIKW)

Provide a general approach that can be applied to connect different disciplines and create a shared theoretical framework to guide nursing informatics practice and research .

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Provides a unique code for each user

continous quality improvement (CQI)

Provides continuous monitoring and evaluation of performance and supports audit capability, also know as a quality assurance system

Radiology Information System (RIS)

Provides scheduling of diagnostic tests, communication of patient information, generation of patient instructions and preparation procedures, and file room management.

Operating room information system

Provides software functions to manage real-time patient care in the perioperative period, to monitor and manage surgical resources, to support documentation, and to enable operational analyses; also known as surgical information systems or perioperative information systems.

Health information technology (HIT)

Provides the tools to enable the delivery of safe, quality care in an effective, efficient manner while improving communication and decreasing costs

Human resources information system

Provides tracking for payroll purposes, such as attendance and paid time off; health benefits, including insurance information and career development

Telehealth

Provision of information to healthcare providers and consumers and the delivery of services to clients at remote sites through the use of telecommunication and computer technology.

Mission

Purpose or reason for an organization's existence, representing the fundamental and unique aspirations that differentiate it from other

Mission

Purpose or reason for an organization's existence, representing the fundamental and unique aspirations that differentiate it from others.

Merit Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS)

QUALITY. Ensures Medicare patients get the right care at the right time. Uses PQRS (physician quality reporting systems) and Medicare EHRs that will be measured on quality, resource use, clinical-practice environment, and meaningful use of EHRs technology. For physicians to qualify for MIPS, they must bill Medicare more than $90,000/year and see more than 200 Medicare patients annually.

Metrics

Quantifiable indicators that determine the progress or conclusion of work toward a specific goa

Business intelligence

Refers to a strategy or process by which data from different sources is integrated for the purpose of optimizing its use and understanding its functionality.

One vendor

Refers to a suite of related, interoperable software applications that collectively make data more accessible, even though some individual applications may not provide the most highly rated solution for a given purpose

Measureable

Refers to an observable, quantifiable entity that can support a decision; in project management, measureable entities track progress and determine completion.

Sustainable models

Refers to business models that enable health information networks to function in the present environment and adapt to future environments.

Best of breed

Refers to the best available technology solution for a given purpose

configurability

Refers to the extent that a given software product can be adapted or changed to meet a user's preference.

Configurability

Refers to the extent that a given software product can be adapted or changed to meet a users preferences

Grief model

Refers to work by theorist Kubler Ross on the stages of grief, which are also seen with major changes generated by a HIT implementation

Electronic intensive care unit

Remote care option that allows critically ill patients to remain in rural hospitals with support from intensivists and ICU nurses at another location

Structural (imaging) informatics

Research and practice applications representing, managing, and using information about the physical organization of the body

Information and data privacy

Right to choose the conditions and extent to which information and beliefs are shared

Informatics

Science and art of turning data into information

Infodemiology

Science of distribution and determinants of information in an electronic format with the ultimate aim to inform public health and public policy, it may also be called information epidemiology

Discovery informatics

Scientific models and theories are used to create computer based discovery of new learning in big data, reducing reliance on human cognition

Ergonomics

Scientific study of work and space, including details that impact productivity and health

metaseach engine

Sends out simultaneous queries to other search tools, bypassing indexing structures for faster results than independent searches of the individual tools yield

Project management life cycle

Sequence of activities or phases conducted to design or initiate, plan, implement, monitor, control, and conclude any endeavor, including deployment of information technology.

antivirus software

Set of computer programs capable of finding and eliminating viruses and other malicious programs from scanned disks, computers, and networks

reference terminology

Set of concepts with definitional rela-tionships that is frequently an ontology and, therefore, can be used to support data aggregation, disaggregation, retrieval, and analysis.

Metadata

Set of data that provides information about how, when, and by whom data are collected, formatted, and stored

Information Networks

Set of standards, specifications, hardware, software, and policies that enable information exchange

Knowledge Management Systems

Sets of information systems that enable organizations to tap the expertise of their human resources to improve performance.

Continuity of Care Record (CCD)

Snapshot of a person's health and healthcare to a provider who does not have access to the person's EHR.

Open source

Software available for use and modification by the public at no cost.

Playground

Software environment where people can use a new system or application within a facility without fear of causing damage.

Closed source

Software owned by a vendor and for which a customer pays a fee to use but does not own

Decision Support Tool / Clinician Decision Support (CDS) / Decision Support System/Software (DDS

Software/app to help in the human decision process. The software will look at the patient's data and suggest appropriate medical/nursing interventions. It can also trigger prompts/alerts to the user. Requires human user input. Decreases patient safety risk and increases positive patient outcomes (ex: alerts for abnormal vitals, lab results, medication contraindications, etc.) The right components of a CDS include a trigger, such as a medication order; input data, such as lab values; intervention information, such as other options provided; and an action step, such as the action selected by the clinician.

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)

Specialized communication net-work that uses sensors in or on the body to monitor and con-vey data to healthcare providers via the Internet

Kiosks

Specially housed computer systems designed for public use in unattended areas for access to health programs or search sites.

Roll out

Staggered, or rolling, system implementation, some-times refers to the preceding marketing campaign as well

Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS)

Standardized periopera-tive nursing vocabulary provides nurses with a clear, precise, and universal language for clinical problems and surgical treatments.

Digital camera imagery

Stores images digitally for ease of transmission and storage

Expanding search criteria

Strategies to improve database search results, such as adding Boolean operations "and", "or", "not", or text phrases

Healthcare terminology standards

Strategy to enable and support widespread interoperability among healthcare software applications for the purpose of sharing information

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Structured approach to being aware of emotions- modifying emotional reactions

Knowledge Management (KM)

Structured process for the generation, storage, distribution, and application of both tacit knowledge (personal experience) and explicit knowledge (evidence).

Standardized terminologies

Structured, controlled languages developed according to terminology development guidelines and approved by an authoritative body

Implementation science

Studies how change takes place

Dental informatics

Sub discipline of clinical informatics dedicated to the improvement of dental health

Pharmacy information system (PIS)

Support the management and distribution of pharmacological products and related devices including inventory control, alerts, and reporting capability

Picture archiving and communication system (PACS)

Supports electronic storage, retrieval, presentation, and sharing of digi-tal images from x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography, ultrasound, and other imaging technologies.

Clinical Decision Support System

Supports healthcare practitioners in making patient care decisions by integrating patient data with current clinical knowledge

Anesthesia Information Management Systems

Supports real time anesthetic management of the patient in the operating suite

Knowledge

Synthesizing information from different sources to produce a concept of idea.

System checks

System checks are mechanisms provided by the computer system to minimize incomplete tasks, verify information, and prevent entry of inappropriate information.

Ontology

System that organizes concepts by meaning, describ-ing their definitional structure/relationship as well as orga-nizing the concepts for storage and retrieval of semantically accurate data

Data science

Systematic study of digital data

Workforce plan

Systematic, written plan addressing informat-ics training for healthcare staff

Data orientate systmes

Systems designed for patient monitoring, clinical laboratory data, diagnostic systems and imaging

Administrative information systems

Systems that support patient care by managing financial and demographic information and providing reporting capabilities

Confidentiality

Tacit understanding that private information shared in a situation in which a relationship has been established for the purpose of treatment or delivery of services will remain protected

Function

Task that may be automated or performed manually

Continuity of Care Record (CCR)

Technical informatics standard that providers a snapshot of a personal current health and healthcare to a provider who does not have access to that personals EMR

Criteria based standards

Technical specifications that include defining characteristics, content, formats, and workflows for use of the health information exchange

C Suite

Term used to refer to a corporation's senior executives such as the CEO

Doctorate of nursing practice (DNP)

Terminal degree with emphasis on EBP, quality improvement, and systems leadership

Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)

Terminology that includes laboratory and clinical observations.

North America Nursing Diagnosis International

Terminology to identify human responses to health promotion, risk, and disease that is recognized by the American Nurses Association.

What is the purpose of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)?

The AHRQ's mission is to advance excellence in healthcare by producing evidence to make healthcare safer, higher quality, more accessible, equitable, and affordable

HHS

The HHS enhances and protects the health and well-being of all Americans through quality offerings in social services, medicine, and public health.

Health Information Technology for Economic & Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act)

The HITECH Act provides funds and incentives to increase EHRs by providers, improve policy decisions, and allocate services, funded workforce training, and new technology research. HITECH strongly recommends increasing meaningful use of HIT to decrease overall healthcare cost and to improve population health

National Health information network

The Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) for Health Information Technology (HIT) initiative to provide the standards, services, and policies that enable secure health information exchange (HIE) over the Internet.

Device integration

The ability of systems to talk to each other, for example; cardiac monitors that automatically download data into the EHR

Interoperability

The ability of two entities, human or machine, to exchange and predictably use data or information while retaining the original meaning of that data.

Interoperability

The ability of two entities, human or machine, to exchange and predictably use data or information while retaining the original meaning of the data. A nurse informaticist can increase interoperability by promoting standardized vocabulary and coding. This reduces errors, increases revenue, and increases communication. Interoperability allows timely and seamless portability of information and optimizes the health of individuals and populations globally through this seamless exchange.

Classification system

The approach that uses mutually exclusive categories for specific purposes such as describing the details of a patient encounter for clinical, administrative, or reimbursement issues

Benchmark

The continual process of measuring services and practices against the toughest competitors in the healthcare industry. Comparing the performance of an organization or clinician to others.

Difference in electronic health records VS electronic medical record

The electronic health record is the software, medical record is a legal log of each encounter

Semantic interoperability

The exchange of data in which the meaning remains the same on both ends of the transaction

Outcomes research (OCR)

The goal of OCR is to improve the quality of care through the use of research data to improve outcomes, not the effectiveness of healthcare processes.

Digital curation

The long term preservation and maintenance of digital data for later access and use

Business- continuality management

The process to ensure that organizations can withstand any disruption to normal functioning

Data analysis

The processing of data that identify trends and patterns of relationships.

Human factors

The scientific study of interaction between people, machines, and their work environments

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

The study of how people design, implement, evaluate, and use interactive computer systems.

Data mining

The technique that looks for hidden patterns and relationships in large groups of data using software

Certificate authority

The trusted third party that issues digital certificates that certify ownership of a public key

VBM

The value-based model rewards providers and organizations for quality-driven care based on their ability to meet set quality measures and indicators.

Which healthcare policy reform introduced in 2008 focuses on rewarding providers with incentives based on the quality of care they deliver as opposed to the volume of care?

The value-based model rewards providers and organizations for quality-driven care based on their ability to meet set quality measures and indicators.

Knowledge work / workflow

The work gathering data to create information

Kubler Ross

Theorist who identified stages of grief, which are also seen with major changes generated by a HIT implementa-tion; also referred to as the grief model

Translational Bioinformatics

This area deals with the storage, analysis, and interpretation of large volumes of data. It includes research into ways to integrate findings into the work of scientists, clinicians, and healthcare consumers

Data Source 1: Medical records

This data source is used to track events and transactions between patients and health care providers.

Learning curve

Time required for end users to adapt to and efficiently, effectively, and competently use an information technology system or subsystem.

Meaningful use of data

To be useful, data and information must be available when needed, to whom it is needed and in a form that can be analyzed or used

Communication plan

Tool used in phase two of project management that shows how each upper leadership shareholder and team member will receive communication and updates on the project status and issues.

TANIC, NICA- L3/L4

Tools developed to test competencies at four levels of practice, beginner and experienced nurses, informatics nurse specialists, and innovator

Admission discharge transfer system

Tracks patient activities and location from admission through all transfers within a facility through discharge

Push or pull function

Two communication methods that can be built into communication software as optional functions. The push method distributes data and information without a request from a receiver. The pull method requires a user to actively access desired data and information

Firewall

Type of gateway designed to protect private network resources from outside hackers, network damage, and theft or misuse of information

Affordable care act

US legislation intended to improve healthcare quality through using information technology, ensuring affordable care, and increasing the number of insured persons.

Feature creep

Uncontrolled addition of features and functions without regard to timelines or budget

Scope creep

Unexpected and uncontrolled growth of user expectations as a project progresses.

think-aloud protocol

Usability method where users talk about what they are doing as they interact with an application. Interactions are observed or recorded and analyzed.

Digital literacy

Use of computer technology and smartphones to read and interpret media, reproduce data and images, and evaluate and apply knowledge gained through exploration of the digital world; it may be used interchangeably with computer literacy

consumer health informatics (CHI)

Use of electronic information and communication to improve medical outcomes and health care decision making from the patient/ consumer perspective

Consumer Health Informatics (CHI)

Use of electronic information and communication to improve medical outcomes and health-care decision making from the patient/consumer perspective. Three barriers include: Privacy issues, cognitive disabilities, low health literacy. Five examples: Personal Health Records, Telehealth, Mobile Health, Games for Health, and Health 2.0. Telehealth is defined as healthcare at a distance through the use of technology that connects the patient and the clinician in real time.

Meaningful use (MU)

Use of health information technology (HIT) legislated by ARRA of 2009 to collect specific data with the intent to improve care and populations health, engage patients, and ensure privacy and security, with financial incentive from Medicare and Medicaid to providers. (Goals - engage patients, exchange data in an accurate/complete way, improve patient care in a cost-effective way, improve healthcare overall).

Meaningful use

Use of health information technology (HIT) legislated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to collect specific data with the intent to improve care and population health, engage patients, and ensure privacy and security.

Telemedicine

Use of telecommunication technologies and computers to provide medical information and services to clients at another site.

Telenursing

Use of telecommunications and computer technology for the delivery of nursing care to clients at another location.

mHealth

Use of wireless devices and sensor networks to access healthcare information or services from the community, or to transmit information to provide

Analytical science

Uses a variety of methods and instruments to answer 2 basic questions: What do I have? How much of it do I have? Environment, pharmacy, safety & security, fraud detection, and healthcare diagnostics.

Predictive models (Predictive analytics)

Uses past and current data to forecase the likelihood of an event

Financial system

Uses patient demographic data and insurance information to charge for services and receive reimbursement; this is integrated with the registration system

Portal

Websites that collect information from the user and offer personalized features for individual users that may require registration

Current state

What is occuring now and might not be working

Contextual inquiry

When an informaticist interviewed and observes users at their actual sites, one person at a time, focusing on users point of view

eHealth

Wide range of healthcare activities involving the electronic transfer of health related information on the internet

radio frequency

Wireless technology that creates detectable electromagnetic waves; common examples include anti-theft tags on store inventory and identification badges.

Scope document

Written description of a project's goal(s) and what must be done to achieve the goal(s

Codified

a concept with an assigned code

disruptive innovation

a new product, service, or process that begins in a small market and rapidly attracts larger market until it replaces existing dominant products, services, and processes

Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD)

a process of iterative sequence that entails the following steps; understanding the domain; understanding the data used in the domain; data preparation that handles missing values or removes redundant or irrelevant data; applying methods to extract data (namely data mining); and data presentation.

Data scrubbing

a process that improves data quality to imporve analysis

Biometrics

a unique, measurable characteristic or trait of a human being for automatically recognizing or verifying identity

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

agency within the department of health and human services devoted to improving healthcare quality and safety.

Bioinformartics

applying informatics skills to understand and organize information associated with life at the molecular and genetic levels, inclusive research, taxonomies, and standard terminologies

Disease registries

collections of secondary data related to patients with a specific diagnosis, condition, or procedure.

Data source 3: Survey

collects information directly from participants and relies on the participants' interpretation of what they recall and not necessarily what transpired.

Healthcare information system

computer hardware and software dedicated to the collection, storage, processing, retrieval, and communication of patient care information in a healthcare organization

Clinical informatics

delivery of timely, safe, efficient, effective, evidence-based and patient-centered care

Real time analytics (RTA)

examines current data in real time. Unfettered by the time lag associated with the use of historical data, which may no longer apply and can negatrivtly impact decisions

Knowledge translation (KT)

from the point of valid research findings to implementation at the bedside can take place through many well-documented models. KT requires a culture that is willing to accept a change of practice, facilitation of implementation methods, key stakeholders that include bedside clinicians and administrators, and post implementation evaluation

Back loaded

information that is preloaded into the system before the go live

Business intelligence

integration of business data from different sources to optimize its use and understanding in business decisions, data are compromises of strategies and processes, as well as a tool set

Health literacy

involves teaching patients enough information about their illnesses and about how the health system works so that they can be legitimate partners in the appropriate management of their health.

Clinical Information Systems

large, computerized database management systems used to access the patient data that are needed to plan, implement, and evaluate care. May also be known as patient care information systems

Information consent

occurs when an individual authorizes healthcare personnel to use and share his or her information based on an informed understanding of how this information will be shared and used for treatment purposes

PGHD

patient generated health data, created, recorded, gathered by or from patients, fit bits, online, etc.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) provides evidence-based healthcare quality indicators that can be used with hospital inpatient administrative data to measure and track clinical performance and outcomes.Name the four types of quality indicators.

prevention quality indicators, inpatient quality indicators, patient safety indicators, pediatric quality indicators.

The four types of quality indicators are

prevention quality indicators, inpatient quality indicators, patient safety indicators, pediatric quality indicators.

The 21st Century Cures Act

promotes patients' access to their electronic health information through advanced innovation. It also addresses the need to eliminate industry-wide information-blocking practices.

The 21st Century Cures Act, in its final rule,

promotes patients' access to their electronic health information through advanced innovation. It also addresses the need to eliminate industry-wide information-blocking practices.

Data warehouse

provides a powerful method of managing and analyzing data

Business Intelligence (BI)

refers to the strategy, processes, and tool set that integrates data from different sources for the purpose of optimizing its use and understanding

The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)

requires that federal agencies make results of federally funded scientific research available to the public, industry, and scientific communities

Keyword

significant term or concept used to index resources and, later, to search for resources containing the same word

International standards

technical informatics standards allowing worldwide communication of patient information

Some models for change

the Stetler model, Iowa model of evidence-based practice, ACE star model, and PARIHS framework

A key factor in the integration of research into practice

the ability to determine the strength or level of evidence and to critique the quality of the study

Information literacy

the ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, and effectively use the information needed

Analytics

the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data

Cognitive walkthrough

the usability assessment method is a detailed review of a sequence

Data cleaning

use of software to improve the quality of data to ensure that it is accurate enough for use in data mining and warehousing

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

used by the controlled vocabulary thesaurus of the National Library of Medicine to index articles in Pubmed, a free search engine maintained by NLM

Data source 2: sureveillance

used to monitor outbreaks of specific diseases and conditions.

Data source 4: Vital signs

used to provide information on fixed data elements at the state and national level.

Big data

very large data sets that are analyzed to reveal patterns, trends, and associations