Inquisitive ch 16

Watch the following video featuring author Eric Foner. During this period of time, how did the workers' ideas of freedom differ from those held by the owners and managers of the industry, and how did the courts construe freedom?

Correct -The courts overturned numerous laws that controlled aspects of economic activity. -Laborers looked to the government to protect their rights and ensure fair working conditions. -Owners did not want the government to regulate business or interfere in the economy. Incorrect -Owners wanted the government to regulate business and ensure the passage of laws that would stipulate working conditions and practices.

Watch the following video with author Eric Foner on the treatment of Native Americans in the nineteenth century. Then, complete the following statement. In settler societies such as the United States and _____, white settlers coveted indigenous ______, resulting in the ______ of the indigenous population.

Australia, land, destruction

Native American victory over the U.S. army in June of 1876 - Dawes act - battle of Little Big Horn - Wounded Knee massacre

Battle of Little Big Horn

created a merit-based system for federal employees, with appointment via competitive testing rather than political appointment

Civil Service Act of 1883

Between the end of the Civil War and the early twentieth century, the United States experienced stagnant economic growth and the loss of international markets. (True/False)

False

In 1879, the United States went off the gold standard to help debt-ridden farmers. (True/False)

False

established to ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable rates and did not offer better treatment to some shippers

Interstate Commerce Commission

In Gilded Age America, dissatisfaction with the new social order extended beyond the working class and into the middle class. Some of the most popular works of literature in the era concerned the crumbling social order or the means of fixing it. Match the authors to their literary contributions. The Cooperative Commonwealth -Henry George -Laurence Gronlund -Edward Bellamy

Laurence Gronlund

Analyze the map below. Match the states in the industrial West to their primary industries. Timber -Texas -Washington -Colorodo

Washington

Analyze the map below. What does it reveal about the political stalemate between 1876 and 1892? Match the region with its political alignment. Most likely to vote irregularly

West

According to Social Darwinism, the evolutionary process in humans was based on the survival of communities working together. Social Darwinists wanted the state to be the means of alleviating poverty to ensure the survival of the community. (True/False)

false

Every Republican candidate for president from 1868 to 1900 except for James G. Blaine had fought in the Confederate army in the Civil War.

false

Identify the statements that describe examples of Christian moral reform and its successful attempts to stamp out sin.

Correct -Mann Act of 1910 -Women's Christian Temperance Union -Gambling, prostitution, polygamy, and birth control were all targets of the legislation attempts to control or eliminate by Evangelical Christians in the Gilded Age. Incorrect -Christian reformers forced through a law banning all business on Sundays.

practice of buying out competing firms in an industry to monopolize an industry

Horizontal integration

Analyze the following map titled "Indian Reservations, ca. 1890," and then match each indigenous tribe below to its correct reservation circa 1890. Arizona Territory

Hopi

On the map below, select the cities that served as important railroad junctions in the late nineteenth century. These are typically identifiable as cities where more than one rail line converge.

-Omaha -Chicago -Atlanta -Denver

During the Gilded Age, the federal government sought to define the place of Native Americans in society and address questions of indigenous citizenship. Place the following events in chronological order. - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled In Elk v. Wilkins that citizenship did not apply to Native Americans. - Congress eliminated the treaty system with the native tribes. - Congress extended citizenship to all Native Americans. - The Dawes Act was passed, dividing tribal land into parcels of land open to white settlement.

1)Congress eliminated the treaty system with the native tribes 2) The U.S. Supreme Court ruled In Elk v. Wilkins that citizenship did not apply to Native Americans. 3)The Dawes Act was passed, dividing tribal land into parcels of land open to white settlement. 4) Congress extended citizenship to all Native Americans.

Analyze the map below. Match the states in the industrial West to their primary industries. Gold, Silver, and copper -Texas -Washington -Colorodo

Colorado

Analyze the table below. Identify the statements that describe the economic changes that occurred between 1870 and 1920.

Correct -Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in agriculture decreased significantly. -The GNP per capita between 1870 and 1920 more than doubled. -Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in industry grew significantly. Incorrect -Although agricultural employment increased between 1870 and 1920, the number of farms decreased significantly.

Identify the statements that describe "robber barons."

Correct -John D. Rockefeller was considered by many to be the worst of the robber barons. -Ironically, many of the "robber barons" rose from modest backgrounds and seemed examples of how creative genius and business sense enabled Americans to seize success. Incorrect -They were instrumental in instituting the eight-hour workday for employees. -They were industrial leaders who hoarded their fortunes to pass on to their family for generations.

Identify the statements that describe Social Darwinism.

Correct -Social Darwinists believed that the poor were essentially responsible for their own fate. -Evolution was a natural process of survival of the fittest; as such, the government must not intervene to aid the less fortunate. Incorrect -Social Darwinists supported efforts by American cities to offer comprehensive programs to aid the poor and downtrodden. -Social Darwinists were tireless advocates for equality throughout the Gilded Age.

Watch the video featuring author Eric Foner. In this video, Eric Foner discusses court decisions held against labor on the grounds of individual freedom, specifically liberty of contract. What were the most important decisions made by the Court?

Correct -The Supreme Court ruled that state laws regulating corporate behavior, limiting the number of hours a person could work, were unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. -The Supreme Court overturned laws that made it illegal for companies to pay their employees in scrip that could only be used at certain stores on the grounds it violated the right of property of these corporations. Incorrect -The Supreme Court defended the rights of workers, ensuring that they did not face oppressive or dangerous working conditions.

As the United States matured into an industrial economy, Americans struggled to make sense of a new social order that included "better classes," "respectable classes," and "dangerous classes." Identify the statements that describe the nation's social problems during the Gilded Age.

Correct -There was a growing permanent factory population living on the edge of poverty alongside a growing class of millionaires, which posed a sharp challenge to traditional definitions of freedom. -Throughout the United States, state and local governments set up investigative committees to inquire into the relations between labor and capital in the face of increasing unrest. Incorrect -The iron law of wages was referred to by economists often to explain how wealth would eventually trickle down to the workers over time. -The international worker's movements espoused the idea that the laboring classes must find justice in the capitalist system.

Identify the statements that describe the Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee massacre.

Correct -U.S. troops opened fire on Ghost Dancers, killing 150 to 200 of them. -Fearful of a general uprising on the reservations, the U.S. government sent troops in response to the Ghost Dance. Incorrect -The soldiers who fired on the Ghost Dancers were charged with murder. -The American press was outraged by the treatment of the Ghost Dancers by the U.S. Army.

Every Republican candidate for president from 1868 to 1900 except for James G. Blaine had fought in the Confederate army in the Civil War. I have heard talk and talk, but nothing is done. Good words do not last long unless they amount to something. Words do not pay for my dead people. They do not pay for my country, now overrun by white men. . . . Good words will not get my people a home where they can live in peace and take care of themselves. I am tired of talk that comes to nothing. It makes my heart sick when I remember all the . . . broken promises. . . .If the white man wants to live in peace with the Indian he can live in peace. There need be no trouble. Treat all men alike. Give them the same law. Give them all an even chance to live and grow. All men were made by the same Great Spirit Chief. They are all brothers. What are Chief Joseph's complaints about the treatment of his people?

Correct -Despite his view that all men are brothers, the white men do not treat Indians as equals. -The white men do not keep their word to his men. Incorrect -The white men refuse to live on Indian land with the Indians. -The white men only paid for part of the country they took from the Indians, not all of it.

Identify the statements that describe the Haymarket Affair.

Correct -Eight men were charged with carrying out the bombing. -Four strikers were killed by police on May 3, 1886, when they clashed with strikebreakers. Incorrect -The Haymarket Affair led to legislation making it illegal for companies to hire strikebreakers and private security forces during labor unions' strike actions. -Police refused to believe labor leaders, and organizations were involved in the bombing.

Andrew Carnegie was an industrial giant of the Gilded Age. Identify the statements that describe Carnegie.

Correct -He leveraged vertical integration to create the largest and most technologically advanced steel factories in the world. -Carnegie distributed much of his wealth to various philanthropies. Incorrect -He provided superior working conditions for his employees at his mills with six-hour shifts and three-day weekends. -Born in the United States, Carnegie discriminated harshly against immigrants.

Identify the statements that describe working conditions and policies during the Gilded Age in America.

Correct -Many industrial workers labored with no pensions, compensation for injuries, or protections against unemployment. -"The miner's freedom" consisted of work rules that left skilled miners free of managerial supervision on the job. Incorrect -American factory workers were some of the worst paid workers in the industrial West. -High wages allowed most working-class families to survive comfortably with only a male breadwinner providing for the family.

Identify the statements that describe the political scene in the United States during the Gilded Age.

Correct -Powerful new corporations raised disturbing questions about the American understanding of political freedom and self-government. -Americans during the Gilded Age saw the country as an island of democracy in a world dominated by undemocratic governments. Incorrect -Urban politics became one of the few political arenas free of corruption and corporate influence. -Crédit Mobilier was created to regulate and curb corruption in the distribution of government grants to railroads.

Identify the statements that describe liberal reformers during the Gilded Age.

Correct -Some liberal reformers urged a return to property qualifications for voting. -Liberal reformers feared that as lower classes looked to use government to further their own interests, democracy was becoming a threat to individual liberty and the rights to property. Incorrect -Liberal reformers advocated for an activist government that would address social needs. -Many liberal reformers saw the industrial system as the very embodiment of the American dream.

Identify the statements that describe the relationship between Native Americans and white America during this period.

Correct -The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools where Indian children were sent to become "more American." -In 1871, Congress eliminated the treaty system that dated back to the revolutionary era, by which the federal government negotiated agreements with Indians as if they were foreign nations. Incorrect -By 1900, roughly 99 percent of Indians had accepted U.S. citizenship. -The Dawes Act attempted to return Indian lands that had been illegally taken by white settlers.

Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" document from the chapter titled "Letter by Saum Song Bo, American Missionary (October 1885). In this letter, what arguments did Saum Song Bo make about the treatment of his people and the applications of liberty?

Correct -The Chinese were not welcomed into the United States. -The French violated liberties and freedoms of the Chinese. Incorrect -Liberty applied equally to everyone in the United States, including the Chinese. -The Chinese were honored to donate to the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty.

Despite promises in promotional pamphlets, farming on the Great Plains was not an easy task. Identify the statements that describe farming on the Great Plains.

Correct -The Homestead Act led to thousands of families moving westward to farm. -Wheat and corn were primary crops grown on the Great Plains for the national and international markets. Incorrect -Men did the majority of the labor on prairie homesteads. -The climate and conditions of the Great Plains were ideal for farming.

Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" document from the chapter titled "Speech of Chief Joseph of the Nez Percé Indians, in Washington, D.C. (1879)." Click here to read the full excerpt from the textbook. What arguments does Chief Joseph make about the treatment and conditions of his fellow Nez Percé?

Correct -The Nez Percé would also have to change and adapt. -All people, whites and Native Americans alike, should be treated equally. Incorrect -The U.S. government had upheld its promises to the indigenous people. -White Americans viewed his tribesmen as equal and respected their native land. -He did not believe that the whites and the Nez Percé could live in peace.

Identify the events and conditions that led to the second industrial revolution that took place between the Civil War and the early twentieth century.

Correct -The country had a growing supply of labor and an expanding market for manufactured goods. -There was money available for investment. -The federal government enacted tariffs that protected American industry from foreign competition. Incorrect -The exportation of technical innovations, most notably the automobile, generated a significant influx of revenue into the United States.

The "overwhelming labor question" replaced slavery as the hot-button topic in the late nineteenth century. Identify the events and actions that illustrate the "overwhelming labor question."

Correct -The federal government built National Guard armories in major cities to ensure troops would be on hand if strikes got out of control. -Troops fired on striking workers in Pittsburgh, killing twenty people. -the Great Railroad Strike Incorrect -President Rutherford B. Hayes supported the striking railroad workers and submitted legislation to Congress that would have sent millions of dollars of aid to striking workers' families.

Analyze the cartoon below titled "The Greatest Department Store on Earth," from Puck magazine (November 29, 1899).How does this artist depict the American economy during the Gilded Age?

Correct -Uncle Sam sold its manufactured products throughout the globe. The American economy was diversified, not reliant on just one product. Incorrect -The American economy was based on importing, not exporting products. -The American economy, represented by Uncle Sam's Department Store, is on the verge of bankruptcy and closing.

Identify the statements that describe American westward expansion.

Correct -Western states used land donated by the federal government to establish public universities. -In the twentieth century, the American West became the focus of federally funded dams and irrigation systems. Incorrect -New Mexico was one of the fastest territories to achieve statehood in the American West. -The Zulu nation in the Arizona Territory was one of the last Native American tribes to surrender to the U.S. government.

Identify the statements that describe the Knights of Labor.

Correct -he Knights of Labor included women in its membership. Incorrect -The Knights of Labor membership was only strong in New York state and numbered at its peak 80,000 members. -The Knights of Labor never questioned the inequality of wealth in the capitalist system. -Asians on the West Coast were welcomed as members of the Knights of Labor.

Analyze the following map titled "Indian Reservations, ca. 1890," and then match each indigenous tribe below to its correct reservation circa 1890. Montana Territory

Crow

broke up the land of nearly all the western tribes - Dawes act - battle of Little Big Horn - Wounded Knee massacre

Dawes act

In Gilded Age America, dissatisfaction with the new social order extended beyond the working class and into the middle class. Some of the most popular works of literature in the era concerned the crumbling social order or the means of fixing it. Match the authors to their literary contributions. Looking Backward -Henry George -Laurence Gronlund -Edward Bellamy

Edward Bellamy

The task of social science according to iron manufacturer Abram Hewitt was to devise ways to redistribute wealth "... in a fair and humane manner to the benefit of the health of the nation." (T/F)

False

In Gilded Age America, dissatisfaction with the new social order extended beyond the working class and into the middle class. Some of the most popular works of literature in the era concerned the crumbling social order or the means of fixing it. Match the authors to their literary contributions. Progress and Poverty -Henry George -Laurence Gronlund -Edward Bellamy

Henry George

Analyze the map below. What does it reveal about the political stalemate between 1876 and 1892? Match the region with its political alignment. Most likely to vote Republican

North

banned all combinations and practices that restrained free trade

Sherman Antitrust Act

Analyze the map below. What does it reveal about the political stalemate between 1876 and 1892? Match the region with its political alignment. Most likely to vote Democratic

South

Analyze the map below. Match the states in the industrial West to their primary industries. Oil and cattle -Texas -Washington -Colorodo

Texas

The Battle of the Little Bighorn was an example of how the Indians occasionally managed to defeat army units as they sought to defend their tribal lands. (T/F)

True

The Gilded Age marketplace proved to be chaotic as businesses in all industries engaged in ruthless competition. In response to this chaos, many businesses created trusts—legal devices whereby the affairs of several companies were managed by a single director. (True/False)

True

The Knights of Labor were the first group to try to organize unskilled and skilled labor, both men and women, and black and white, though they gave into West Coast racism and excluded the despised immigrants from Asia on the West Coast. (True/False)

True

U.S. soldiers opened fire on unarmed Ghost Dancers, killing 150 to 200 of them out of fear of an uprising. - Dawes act - battle of Little Big Horn - Wounded Knee massacre

Wounded Knee massacre

Analyze the following map titled "Indian Reservations, ca. 1890," and then match each indigenous tribe below to its correct reservation circa 1890. -Cherokee, Crow, Hopi Indian Territory

cherokee

In 1893, the historian Frederick Jackson Turner gave a celebrated lecture, "The Insignificance of the Frontier in American History," in which he argued the West had acted as a destabilizing and chaotic force in American history. (True/False)

false

Most of the farms on the Great Plains were bonanza farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers. (T/F)

false

The conquest of the American West was a unique phenomenon in global history, whereby settlers moved boldly into the interior of regions of a great continent with a temperate climate, bringing their families, crops, and livestock, and establishing mining and other industries. (T/F)

false

Analyze the political cartoon from an 1883 edition of the magazine Puck, and then complete the following statement. In this image, ____ ike Cornelius Vanderbilt sit safely perched on their millions of dollars, made from the labor of ____, who stand in a sea of _____

robber barons, workers, hard times

business leaders who wielded power without any accountability in an unregulated marketplace

robber barrons

Between 1860 and 1880, the number of railroad track miles tripled in the United States, and tripled again by 1920. (T/F)

true

The Social Gospel movement originated as an effort to reform Protestant churches by expanding their appeal in poor urban neighborhoods and making them more attentive to the era's social ills. (True/False)

true

The era from 1870 to 1890 was called the Gilded Age because it suggested that outward appearances were misleading, and one needed to look under the surface to understand what was happening. (True/False)

true

the process of controlling all aspects of business from procuring raw materials, to manufacturing, transporting, and distributing the final product

vertical integration