InQuizitive Ch.6

Label the types of learning in this diagram Orange + Blue

(top to bottom, left to right) Orange: Non-associative, habituation, sensitization Blue: Associative, classical conditioning, operant conditioning

In which of the following cases will an adolescent be influenced to model smoking behavior?

The cool kids at school smoke A favorite famous musician smokes A respected parent smokes

A horse was mistreated and trained with a whip. When the horse did not respond to the trainer, the trainer raised her hand with a whip and hit the horse. The horse when moved to a new owner who did not use a whip or pain to train her horses. The first time she raised her hand up toward the horse, the horse backed up and bucked. Place in order the steps of counterconditioning that the new owner would use to retain the horse not to buck with fear to raised hand.

1. Raise a hand with a sugar cube or other food treat for the horse 2. Say the word "whoa", then raise a hand with a sugar cube or other food treat for the horse 3. Say the word "whoa" with a raised hand

Place in order the events for classical conditioning occur

1. The unconditioned stimulus occur, eliciting an unconditioned response 2. A neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus 3. The neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus when it elicits a conditioned response

According to Albert Bandura others, which of the following will promote violent behavior, based on the principle of observational learning?

A child watches coolest kid in school bully a classmate A child watches a mixed martial arts fight on TV A child watches a violent cartoon in which a cat squishes a mouse with a frying pan

Which of the following scenarios illustrate how biology constrains reinforcement?

An actor has a hard time learning how to trip and fall convincingly A pre-teen with diabetes resists being taught how to give herself insulin injections

A mother is trying to toilet train her child. Which of the following produce better results, based on the research on operant conditioning?

At the start of toilet training, reward the child with praise and something the child likes every time the child tries to use the toilet As toilet training continues, wait until the child goes half a day with dry pants before rewarding the child with praise and something the child likes

Match each type of learning with its corresponding example

Habituation-> having gotten used to his humming refrigerator, Hamid no longer notices the sound Operant conditioning-> every time a child says "please", she gets what she wants. Now she says "please" constantly Observational learning-> Mee-Ae learns how to do a headstand by watching her friend Anee Sensitization-> Kwame had never liked the sound of rain on his bedroom window. Lately it has started to make him cringe Classical conditioning-> a dog runs to the kitchen when he hears the clock chime at five o'clock, because that's when he always gets fed

Match each type of consequence with its resulting behavior change.

Negative reinforcement -> ted increases paying his bill on time to avoid a late fee Negative punishment -> peter's recess is taken away to discourage him from getting into fights with the other children Positive punishment -> janet stops parking in handicapped spaces ager she gets a big parking ticket Positive reinforcement -> sally increases the amount of work she completes to receive more pay

Watch the following Classical Conditioning Video. Then, match the stimuli and responses with their corresponding examples.

Neutral stimuli -> words in list read by teacher, including the word "can" Conditioned response -> flinch to the word "can" Conditioned stimulus -> the word "can" Unconditioned response -> flinch to water spray Unconditioned stimulus -> water spray

The children at a day care center are not allowed to hit or hurt each other in any way. Three-year-old Pete hits children who have toys he wants. What are the two best ways to teach Pete more appropriate behavior?

Praise Pete for asking to play with a toy (and not hitting), and then give him the toy Take away from Pete any toy he gets by hitting

Annabel hasn't slept in two days. Her friends tell her they will buy her movie ticket if she goes out with them. Annabel chooses instead to go home and go to bed. Why does Annabel make this choice?

Sleep is a biological reinforcer and Annabel was sleep deprived Sleep is a primary reinforcer and Annabel was sleep deprived

Taste aversions are learned through classical conditioning. Match each example to its corresponding stimulus or response

Vomiting -> unconditioned response Taste of chicken salad -> conditioned stimulus Food poisoning -> unconditioned stimulus Refusal to eat-> conditioned response

Jose has a food allergy to almonds and gets very ill if he eats any food containing almonds. While at a wedding, Jose starts to eat a piece of cake, but when he gets it close to his nose he smells the presence of almonds and does not eat it. He later learns that there was almond extract used in the cake. Which of the following describe Jose's ability to detect even the slightest presence of almonds?

classically conditioned response adaptive prepared response

When watching a movie, we feel sorrow when the main character is sad and experience joy when he or she triumphs over adversity. Which of the following allows us to feel what the main character is experiencing?

empathy mirror neurons

Maria is studying in a kitchen where a noisy ceiling fan spins above her. After an hour Maria no longer pays attention to the fan. What explains her current response?

habituation

The strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition when a previously neutral stimulus is presented _____

immediately before the unconditioned stimulus

At his new school, Ian sees the other children obediently waiting in the cafeteria until the first bell rings. So Ian sits and waits, too. What type of learning is Ian demonstrating?

observational learning modeling

Andrew learns how to prepare a fancy chicken meal during a cooking class with Chef Norman LeClair. Everyone in the class compliments Chef LeClair on his delicious chicken. Which types of learning has Andrew engaged in?

observational learning modeling vicarious conditioning

Children in a group home receive up to three tokens at the end of each day. They get one if they have completed their homework, one for completing chores, and one for cooperating with others. If they swear at, or hit, a staff member or one of the other children, they lose a token. If they earn twelve or more tokens by Friday, they may trade them in to go out to eat or to go see movie. The kind of reward system used by the home is called token economy. Which of the following elements of operant conditioning are at play here?

positive reinforcement negative punishment secondary reinforcement