Inquizitive Chapter 7

Early anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski completed extensive research in the Trobriand Islands in the South Pacific in the early twentieth century. Fifty years later, anthropologist Annette Weiner returned to the same site and undertook her own research, with very different findings. Identify the findings about the Trobriand economic system as that either of Malinowski or Weiner.

Annette Weiner's Findings Women and men participated in the exchange of yams. Women created and exchanged bundles of banana leaves and skirts. Bronislaw Malinowski's Findings Women did not have an active participatory role in economic exchange. Men participated in the Kula Ring, an elaborate exchange of ornamental items between islands.

American children watch more than 40,000 commercials on television each year. Identify what commercials teach children about gender.

Commercials encourage and teach traditional gender roles.

The "Man the Hunter, Woman the Gatherer" story influences contemporary U.S. gender ideologies. Identify which of the following statements are components of the story.

Component of "Man the Hunter, Woman the Gatherer" Story A more sedentary lifestyle, cooperativeness, and nurturance are natural expectations of female humans. Inventiveness, mobility, and time away from home are natural expectations of human males. The behavior of early humans was cemented into our DNA and continues to influence human behavior today. Not a Component of "Man the Hunter, Woman the Gatherer" Story The behavior of early humans has no influence on human behavior today.

Hijras are transgender individuals and followers of the Hindu Mother Goddess Bahuchara Mata, who is often depicted as transgender. Identify the experiences of hijras in Southeast Asia.

Experienced by Hijras Hijras are revered as powerful religious figures. Hijras support themselves through begging, performances, and sex work. Hijras face discrimination in access to housing, health care, and education. Not Experienced by Hijras Hijras are protected by law and are not harmed.

Identify whether or not these findings were made by Carla Freeman in her study of women working in the informatics industry of Barbados.

Finding Women's status as wives and mothers allows them to access company-provided transportation and flexible work hours. Women work in comfortable, air-conditioned modern offices. Not a Finding Informatics "pink-collar" work is typically a stepping stone to high-paying white-collar work. Though their conditions are comfortable, informatics women feel exploited and afraid.

Complete the Venn diagram below to compare and contrast the experiences of Barbadian informatics workers and garment or textile factory workers in Barbados and elsewhere.

Information Workers "pink-collar" workers married women with children Garment and Textile Workers "blue-collar" workers young, single women Both watched and monitored by supervisors

A global care chain has emerged with increasing globalization. What does global care chain refer to?

poor immigrants caring for the world's wealthy families

Match each scenario related to the cultural construction of gender with the term that most centrally fits it.

sex A baby is born, and the doctor identifies it as "male" based on observable physical traits. transgender As a 12-year-old, John is confident that "girl" fits John's sense of self better than "boy." cisgender Parents name the baby John, and expect John to be a boy because he was born male.

Match each term to the correct definition.

the appropriate term that describes the state of being born with a combination of male and female genitalia, gonads, and/or chromosomes intersex an outdated and stigmatizing term for people born with both female and male sexual characteristics hermaphrodite a gender identity or expression that does not fit with the cultural expectations of one's assigned sex at birth transgender

French social scientist Michel Foucault coined the term biopower when referring to actions surrounding intersex individuals. Identify the meaning of this term.

the power of the state to regulate the body

Early in the textbook, you learned about stratification as the unequal distribution of resources among a group of people. Identify how Barbados factory workers are stratified, from highest social status to lowest.

white-collar front-office workers and supervisors pink-collar informatics workers blue-collar factory workers

In her ethnography Dude, You're a Fag (2007), C. J. Pascoe explores the construction of masculinity in a racially diverse high school in California. Identify what she found out about gender construction in this school.

Observed by Pascoe White male students primarily engaged in "fag discourse." Masculinity could be associated with women. Not Observed by Pascoe Only gay men were called "fags." Lesbians were not allowed to participate in masculine gender performance.

Identify which of the following practices anthropologist Ida Susser advocates for engaged anthropologists.

Practice Ida Susser Advocates document problems and then put them into the larger framework participate in the lives of citizens you are studying Not a Practice Ida Susser Advocates engage only with the local grassroots organizations avoid participating in demonstrations or protests

An anthropological study closely observed how gender is taught in children's co-ed T-ball games. Identify the anthropologists' findings on gender enculturation in children's T-ball.

Research Finding T-ball coaches favored boys over girls. Girls' mistakes were not corrected, whereas boys' were. Not a Research Finding Boys who were weaker were given more opportunities to play and improve than stronger boys. Parents did not support the favoring of one gender over another.

What was the controversy surrounding South African runner Caster Semenya after winning the gold at the world track and field championship at age eighteen?

She was subjected to gender testing after her rivals claimed she was a man.

Identify how the expansion of Taiwan's economy has affected Taiwanese as well as Indonesian and Filipino women.

Taiwanese women unable to fulfill traditional roles as mothers and wives movement into male workforce Indonesian and Filipino women becoming primary breadwinners unable to fulfill traditional roles as mothers and wives movement into male workforce

Place the events that led to the development and evolution of the CO-MADRES organization and movement in El Salvador in order from the first event to the most recent.

The Salvadoran Civil War began, and a campaign of violence and torture against any dissidents was launched. Grassroots organization CO-MADRES formed to demand information about victims. CO-MADRES members protested and worked to bring to light the atrocities committed. CO-MADRES evolved to demand women's equality, justice for gender violence, and inclusion of women in government.

Identify the following situations as examples of either gender stratification, gender stereotypes, or gender ideologies.

The tale of "Man the Hunter, Woman the Gatherer" is used in U.S. culture to explain differences in gender roles. gender ideology Hijras in India face unequal access to housing, education, and health care. gender stratification Men in Mexico are uninvolved and uninterested in domestic life. gender stereotype

Identify the significance of the "fairy tale of the egg and the sperm," and "Man the Hunter, Woman the Gatherer" narratives in U.S. contemporary culture.

They are modern-day cultural myths that reinforce gender ideologies.

Gender performance refers to the way gender identity is expressed through action. Identify the following statements about gender performance as true or false.

True Anthropologists are increasingly focused on gender as an identity that is expressed through action. Both men and women may display stereotypically masculine and feminine characteristics. False Gender roles reflect fixed identities that are either male or female. People's choices about how they will express their gender identity is always conscious.

In this photo, Captain Kristen Griest trains at the Army Ranger School. Identify each statement as true of her experience in the U.S. military, or not.

True She was awarded the black-and-gold Ranger tab but she was ineligible for combat service. Captain Griest and First Lieutenant Shaye Haver became the first women to complete the Ranger School. Not True She and other women comprised about 30 percent of U.S. active-duty military personnel. She was the first woman to benefit from the U.S. military's inclusion of women in all military positions.

Domestic violence refers to physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner. Identify the true statements about domestic violence in the United States.

True About Domestic Violence in the United States One-third of women will be abused by a partner in her lifetime. Women of all backgrounds are at risk of domestic violence. Not True About Domestic Violence in the United States Men who witness domestic violence as a child are less likely to abuse their own partners or children. Women between the ages of forty and fifty are at the greatest risk.

Identify what anthropologist Matthew Gutmann learned about machismo among the working-class Mexican men of a small community in Mexico City.

True of Mexican Men and Machismo Mexican men do not fit common understandings of machismo that have spread around the world. Mexican men negotiate their roles with women. Not True of Mexican Men and Machismo Mexican culture has one stable, fixed idea about how men should behave. In general, all Mexican men have the same ideas about machismo.

Identify the primary factors that have generally been considered in determining biological sex.

Used to Determine Biological Sex gonads chromosome patterns genitalia Not Used to Determine Biological Sex gender

Historically, biological science has tended to create distinct mental maps of reality for male and female anatomy. Human males and females are said to demonstrate sexual dimorphism, which refers to phenotypic differences between males and females of the same species. Identify whether the following characteristics generally apply to men or women.

Usually Applies to Females live longer longer physical endurance Usually Applies to Males deeper voice larger body size

Cultures around the world have different attitudes toward those who do not fit into cultural gender norms. Identify whether the following statements apply to Western attitudes about gender or Native American attitudes about gender.

Western Attitude About Gender People who do not fit into cultural gender norms are ignored or medically "corrected." People who do not fit into cultural gender norms do not exist. Native American Attitude About Gender People who do not fit into cultural gender norms have supernatural powers. People who do not fit into cultural gender norms have special privileges.

Match each term to the correct description.

a set of cultural ideas about the essential character of different genders that promotes and justifies gender stratification gender ideology an unequal distribution of power in which gender shapes who has access to resources, opportunities, rights, and privileges gender stratification widely held preconceived notions about the proper roles for men and women in a culture gender stereotypes

Who does sociologist Pei-chia Lan call "global Cinderellas" and why?

immigrant domestic workers because they dream of escaping poverty but are oppressed in others' homes

What does anthropologist Barbara Ehrenreich suggest is the primary resource extracted from the world's poorest nations today?

love