Integumentary System Ch. 5
composed of areolar connective tissue; contains dermal papillae
papillary layer
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer
protects the body, provides thermal insulation, acts as an energy reservoir, and pads the body
the apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory product after____
puberty
dense irregular connective tissue surrounding blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
reticular layer
The sweat gland perspiration that is visible
sensible
Sebaceous glands are activated primarily by what during puberty in both sexes
sex hormones
Dermis
skin lies deep in the epidermis and ranges in thickness. consists of two types of connective tissue: areolar and dense irregular
When the skin is stretched beyond its capacity some collagen fibers are torn and result in stretch marks which are called
striae
not considered part of the integument
subcutaneous layer
the resting phase and is usually the phase where the hair is shed (the ones we find in our comb or brush) after 3 to 4 months our hair reenters the anagen phase.
telogen phase
Keratinocytes
the most abundant cell type in the epidermis and occur throughout all epidermal strata
Integument
the skin that covers your the entire bodies surface
Major functions of the merocrine sweat glands
thermoregulation, secretion, and protection
At puberty, terminal hair replaces ____ hair in the axillary and pubic regions of the body?
vellus hair
fibrosis
when regeneration is not possible, this process effectively binds the damaged parts back together
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about how many weeks
4 weeks
Glucocorticoid hormone deficiency in the adrenal cortex; Addisons disease
Bronzing
Airway obstruction, emphysema, or respiratory arrest
Cyanosis
Exercise, sunburn, excess heat, emotions (anger and embarrassment) resulting in increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels in the dermis
Erythema
Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood
Jaundice
The active phase of growth where living cells of the hair bulb are rapidly growing, dividing, and transforming into hair
anagen phase
Cutaneous membrane (or layer)
bigger term for just skin
body temp is influenced by two structures located in the dermis by what two components
blood vessels and sweat glands
the skin is water resistant, thus helps prevent
both water gain and loss
a brief regression period where cell division ceases and the follicle undergoes involution and shrinks toward the scalp surface. a very short phase last about 3 to 4 weeks.
catagen phase
Integumentary system
consists of the skin and derives nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
Thin skin
covers most of the body. lacks the stratum lucidum, so it contains only four layers. contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
The Eponychium, a narrow band of epidermis extending from the margin of the nail wall onto the nail body, is also known as
cuticle
Friction ridges are located on the skin in four regions of the body:
fingers, palms, soles, and toes
Thick skin
found on the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet, and corresponding surfaces of the fingers and toes. (all five epidermal strata occur in thick skin) contains sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands (0.4-0.6mm thick)
What vascular connective tissue initally forms in a healing wound is known as
granulation tissue
Melanocytes
have long, branching cytoplasmic processes and are scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale
The sweat glands perspiration that is invisible
insensible
First-degree burns
involve only the epidermis and are characterized by redness, pain, and slight edema. (ex: mild sunburn) healing time is about 3-5 days
regeneration
the replacement of damaged or dead cells with the same cell type
Dermatology
the scientific study and treatment of the integumentary system
The most superficial layer of the epidermis and is what you see when you look at your skin. consisting of 20-30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells
Stratum Corneum (hornlike layer)
A thin, translucent region about two or three cell layers thick that is superficial to the stratum granulosum
Stratum Lucidum (clear layer)
The deepest epidermal layer ranging cells from cuboidal to low columnar in appearance and lightly attached to an underlying basement membrane
Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
Consists of three to five layers of keratinocytes superficial to the stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
Several layers of polygonal keratinocytes
Stratum spinosum
Thinning of the hair on the scalp is called
alopecia
Lack of melanin production
Albinism
Decreased blood flow to the skin
Pallor
Tactile cells
also called Merkel cells, can be stimulated by light pressure, are large epithelial cells, can be stimulated by light touch
Sebum
an oily waxy secretion, that holocrine glands (sebaceous glands) discharge
Second-degree burns
involve the epidermis and part of the dermis. skin appears red, tan, or white. skin is also blistered and painful (scalding from hot chemicals or liquids or blistering sunburns)
Third-degree burns
involve the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer which often are destroyed. typically caused by contact with corrosive chemicals or fire or prolonged contact with extremely hot water.