Integumentary System Ch. 5

composed of areolar connective tissue; contains dermal papillae

papillary layer

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer

protects the body, provides thermal insulation, acts as an energy reservoir, and pads the body

the apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory product after____

puberty

dense irregular connective tissue surrounding blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

reticular layer

The sweat gland perspiration that is visible

sensible

Sebaceous glands are activated primarily by what during puberty in both sexes

sex hormones

Dermis

skin lies deep in the epidermis and ranges in thickness. consists of two types of connective tissue: areolar and dense irregular

When the skin is stretched beyond its capacity some collagen fibers are torn and result in stretch marks which are called

striae

not considered part of the integument

subcutaneous layer

the resting phase and is usually the phase where the hair is shed (the ones we find in our comb or brush) after 3 to 4 months our hair reenters the anagen phase.

telogen phase

Keratinocytes

the most abundant cell type in the epidermis and occur throughout all epidermal strata

Integument

the skin that covers your the entire bodies surface

Major functions of the merocrine sweat glands

thermoregulation, secretion, and protection

At puberty, terminal hair replaces ____ hair in the axillary and pubic regions of the body?

vellus hair

fibrosis

when regeneration is not possible, this process effectively binds the damaged parts back together

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about how many weeks

4 weeks

Glucocorticoid hormone deficiency in the adrenal cortex; Addisons disease

Bronzing

Airway obstruction, emphysema, or respiratory arrest

Cyanosis

Exercise, sunburn, excess heat, emotions (anger and embarrassment) resulting in increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels in the dermis

Erythema

Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood

Jaundice

The active phase of growth where living cells of the hair bulb are rapidly growing, dividing, and transforming into hair

anagen phase

Cutaneous membrane (or layer)

bigger term for just skin

body temp is influenced by two structures located in the dermis by what two components

blood vessels and sweat glands

the skin is water resistant, thus helps prevent

both water gain and loss

a brief regression period where cell division ceases and the follicle undergoes involution and shrinks toward the scalp surface. a very short phase last about 3 to 4 weeks.

catagen phase

Integumentary system

consists of the skin and derives nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

Thin skin

covers most of the body. lacks the stratum lucidum, so it contains only four layers. contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

The Eponychium, a narrow band of epidermis extending from the margin of the nail wall onto the nail body, is also known as

cuticle

Friction ridges are located on the skin in four regions of the body:

fingers, palms, soles, and toes

Thick skin

found on the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet, and corresponding surfaces of the fingers and toes. (all five epidermal strata occur in thick skin) contains sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands (0.4-0.6mm thick)

What vascular connective tissue initally forms in a healing wound is known as

granulation tissue

Melanocytes

have long, branching cytoplasmic processes and are scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale

The sweat glands perspiration that is invisible

insensible

First-degree burns

involve only the epidermis and are characterized by redness, pain, and slight edema. (ex: mild sunburn) healing time is about 3-5 days

regeneration

the replacement of damaged or dead cells with the same cell type

Dermatology

the scientific study and treatment of the integumentary system

The most superficial layer of the epidermis and is what you see when you look at your skin. consisting of 20-30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells

Stratum Corneum (hornlike layer)

A thin, translucent region about two or three cell layers thick that is superficial to the stratum granulosum

Stratum Lucidum (clear layer)

The deepest epidermal layer ranging cells from cuboidal to low columnar in appearance and lightly attached to an underlying basement membrane

Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

Consists of three to five layers of keratinocytes superficial to the stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum (granular layer)

Several layers of polygonal keratinocytes

Stratum spinosum

Thinning of the hair on the scalp is called

alopecia

Lack of melanin production

Albinism

Decreased blood flow to the skin

Pallor

Tactile cells

also called Merkel cells, can be stimulated by light pressure, are large epithelial cells, can be stimulated by light touch

Sebum

an oily waxy secretion, that holocrine glands (sebaceous glands) discharge

Second-degree burns

involve the epidermis and part of the dermis. skin appears red, tan, or white. skin is also blistered and painful (scalding from hot chemicals or liquids or blistering sunburns)

Third-degree burns

involve the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer which often are destroyed. typically caused by contact with corrosive chemicals or fire or prolonged contact with extremely hot water.