Integumentary System Review

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight. a. vitamin C b. vitamin D3 c. vitamin A d. vitamin E e. vitamin D2

vitamin D3

Functions of the skin include a. release of a large amount of hormones b. regulating body temperature c. synthesizing antibodies d. producing adipose tissue

regulating body temperature

A "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n) a. incision. b. puncture. c. laceration. d. contusion. e. abrasion.

abrasion

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is a. acne b. blister c. wart d. carbuncle.

acne

Which of the following is found in the subcutaneous layer ? a. adipose tissue b. sebaceous glands c. hair shaft d. melanocytes

adipose tissue

Which is NOT a component of sweat ? a. water b. sodium c. electrolytes d. Ammonia

ammonia

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands. a. merocrine b. mucous c. sebaceous d. apocrine e. ceruminous

apocrine

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by a. decreasing melanin production. b. perspiring, cooling the body through evaporation c. constricting blood vessels. d. losing oxygen to surrounding tissues.

perspiring, cooling the body through evaporation

Which type of burn is most painful ? a. Second-degree b. Third-degree c. First-degree

second-degree

Which type cancer commonly begins as a small mole ? a. squamous cell carcinoma b. breast cancer c. basal cell carcinoma d. melanoma

melanoma

Thick skin can be found on the _____. a. back b. arms c. palms d. chest

palms

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, a. they divide. b. they die. c. their nutrient supply increases. d. the produce daughter cells.

they die

The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n) a. second-degree burn. b. partial-thickness burn. c. first-degree burn. d. third-degree burn e. semi-partial-thickness burn.

third-degree burn

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight a. D3. b. A c. D2 d. E e. C

D3

Sweat glands that communicate with hair follicles in the armpits (axillary region) and produce an odorous secretion are a. apocrine glands b. sebaceous glands c. merocrine glands d. a, b, c, are correct

apocrine glands

Shafts of hair are comprised of a. dead keratinized epidermal cells. b. epithelial stem cells c. Thick bands of fibrin d. strands of living keratinized dermal cells.

dead keratinized epidermal cells

When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiological basis ? a. decreasing melanin production. b. constricting blood vessels c. losing oxygen to surrounding tissues d. dilating blood vessels

dilating blood vessels

Skin injuries and infections are more common in old age becuase a. reduced dermal blood supply. b. Less production of gland secretions. c. lower amount of melanin production. d. Epidermal thinning.

epidermal thinning

What muscles allow this to occur to the hair ? (goose bumps) a. macrophage cells b. hair papilla c. apocrine glands d. errector pili muscles

errector pili muscles

Choose the 3 comonents that form granulation tissue a. keloids b. collagen c. fibrin blood clot d. fibroblasts e. capillaries

fibrin blood clot, fibroblasts, capillaries

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as a. fourth-degree. b. third-degree. c. second-degree. d. first-degree.

first-degree

Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters? a. full-thickness b. first-degree c. third-degree d. second-degree e. fourth-degree

first-degree

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called __________. a. calcitriol b. keratin c. melanin d. carotene

keratin

Which of the following best explains why hair color dulls or turns silver/grey as a person ages ? a. Thinning of the epidermis b. Low functioning follicles and decreased melanocyte activity c. Decline in vitamin D3 production d. Decrease in elastic network

low functioning follicles and decreased melanocyte activity

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands. a. merocrine sweat b. apocrine sweat c. mammary d. ceruminous e. sebaceous

mammary

The hair _________________ grows, making hair longers. a. stratum b. matrix c. dermis d. subcutaneous layer

matrix

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer? a. basal cell carcinoma b. melanoma c. albinism d. squamous cell carcinoma e. cyanosis

basal cell carcinoma

Exposure of the skin to UV radiaton ____________________. a. can cause destruction of vitamin D3 b. can result in increased numbers of melanocytes forming in the skin c. can cause DNA alteration in skin cells d. can result in decreased melanin production by melanocytes

can cause DNA alteration in skin cells

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light a. can cause destruction of vitamin D3. b. can result in decreased melanin production by melanocytes. c. can slowly increase melanocyte activity. d. can result in increased numbers of melanocytes forming in the skin. e. has no effect on the skin cells.

can slowly increase melanocyte activity

The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup. a. melanin b. carotene c. bilirubin d. keratin e. biliverdin

carotene

The skin may turn orange as a result of ___________ buildup. a. keratin b. biliverdin c. melanin d. carotene

carotene

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow. a. Cyanosis b. Sebum c. Cerumen d. Carotene e. Melanin

carotene

Functions of the skin include a. producing adipose tissue. b. synthesizing digestive enzymes. c. regulating body temperature. d. synthesizing antibodies. e. release of large amounts of hormones.

regulating body temperature

Merocrine sweat glands a. are most common in the axillary and inguinal regions of the body. b. are active only in areas of dense hair. c. respond only in times of stress. d. respond primarily to elevated body temperature.

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

Another term for sweat glands is a. merocrine b. sebaceous c. apocrine d. sudoriferous

sudoriferous

The two major components of the integument are a. the hair and nails b. the dermis and the subcutaneous layer c. the epidermis and the hypodermis d. the cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures

the cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________. a. ultraviolet radiation b. discoloration c. albinism d. keratin production e. melanocyte activity

ultraviolet radiation

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from __________. a. melanocyte activity b. ultraviolet radiation c. discoloration d. albinism

ultraviolet radiation

Short term paling of the skin occurs with _______________. a. Skin cancers b. Vitamin D3 deficiency c. In areas of high oxygen concentration d. vasoconstriction

vasoconstriction

When the arrector pili muscles contract a. shivering occurs b. hairs are shed c. "goose bumps" are formed d. the skin changes color

"goose bumps" are formed

When the arrector pili muscles contract, a. "goose bumps" are formed. b. shivering occurs. c. sweat is released from sweat glands. d. hairs are shed.

"goose bumps" are formed

What degree of burn would affect the connective tissues of the skin, which contains capillaries and nerve fibers ? a. 1st degree b. 3rd degree c. 2nd degree

3rd degree

Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands. a. ceruminous b. merocrine sweat c. mammary d. sebaceous

ceruminous

Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands. a. ceruminous b. merocrine sweat c. mammary d. sebaceous

ceruminous

The skin is also called the ________ membrane. a. cutaneous b. mucous c. serous d. synovial e. peritoneal

cutaneous

A ceruminous gland that is over productive would produce an excessive amount of a. sweat b. nails c. earwax d. tears

earwax

Which of the following glands are sensitive to hormonal changes, causing acne in many people going through puberty. a. Ceruminous b. Sebaceous c. Mammary d. Cuticle

sebaceous

The two types of exocrine glands in the skin are a. eccrine and sweat glands b. merocrine and sweat glands c. sebaceous and sweat glands d. apocrine and sweat glands

sebaceous and sweat glands

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________. a. stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis b. adjusts overall gland secretion rates in the body c. increases blood flow in the dermis d. stimulates the synthesis of photoreceptor pigments in the eye e. constricts blood vessels in the dermis

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ___________. a. increases blood flow in the dermis b. stimulates the synthesis of photoreceptor pigment in the eye c. stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis d. constricts blood vessels in the dermis

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

Aging results in gray or white hair because a. sebaceous glands die b. there is less pigment production c. melanin begins to overproduce d. cells shed at a faster rate

there is less pigment production

Vitamin D3 is essestinal for _____________________. a. Calcium and Phosphorus absorption in the small intestine. b. Oxygenation of blood in the dermis c. Maintaining homeostasis by providing gland secretions. d. The formation of melanocytes and keratin

calcium and phosphorus absorption in the small intestine

Which of the following is a plausible reason for increased infections due to a break in the intgument system, as the skin ages ? a. Build up of keratinized skin with age b. Decrease amount of macrophage residing in the skin c. Less active sweat glands d. Lowered amount of melanin production

decrease amount of macrophage residing in the skin

How is the severity of a burn measured ? a. length across the tissues and color of skin that is affected b. how much of the body is covered in the burn c. the type of burn (chemical, heat, radiation, electrical shock) and length of exposure d. depth into the tissues and the total area affected

depth into the tissues and the total area affected

Blood vessels are located in the a. adipose layer b. epidermis c. dermis d. papillary layer

dermis

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the a. epidermis. b. papilla. c. hypodermis d. dermis.

dermis

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure? a. cortex of the hair b. cuticle of the hair c. hair root d. hair matrix

hair matrix

The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion? a. apocrine b. endocrine c. holocrine d. merocrine e. eccrine

holocrine

Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands a. contain astringent compounds that contract the skin and its sweat gland pores. b. is limited to the hair follicles of the armpits (axillia), nipples, and public region. c. contains electrolytes and waste products, such as urea. d. helps to cool the surface of the skin when it evaporates. e. is more than 99 percent water.

is limited to the hair follicles of the armpits (axillia), nipples, and public region

This type of skin decor is created by making ________ scars. a. scab b. granulation c. keloid d. melanin

keloid

What is the function of mammary glands ? a. secrete milk for feeding of young b. It is converted by the kidneys into the hormone calcitriol. c. It provides water-resistant properties to the integument. d. It is required for the normal maintenance of epithelial cells.

secrete milk for feeding of young

Choose the 3 accessory structures of the Integumentary System a. select exocrine glands b. epidermis c. hair d. nails e. cutaneous membrane

select exocrine glands, hair, nails

__________ cells of epithelium and connective tissue undergo cell division to replace lost or damaged tissue. a. Keratin b. Stem c. Basal d. Melanin

stem

Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person? a. Bone strength decreases in the elderly. b. Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly. c. There are fewer melanocytes in the skin of a younger person. d. The blood supply to the dermis is reduced in the skin of a young person. e. The hair is thinner in the elderly.

stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly

In albinism, ________ is lacking. a. keratin b. collagen c. keratinocytes d. melanin e. carotene

melanin

In albinism, __________ is lacking. a. keratin b. collagen c. keratinocytes d. melanin

melanin

The observed difference in skin color reflect the levels of ________________ production. a. melanocyte b. melanin c. keratinocyte d. carotene

melanin

The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production. a. carotene b. melanocyte c. keratinocyte d. melanin e. keratin

melanin

The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from a. keratinocytes. b. nonpigmented epithelial cells. c. pigmented basal cells. d. melanocytes e. nonpigmented dermal cells.

melanocytes