Integumentary System Review
Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight. a. vitamin C b. vitamin D3 c. vitamin A d. vitamin E e. vitamin D2
vitamin D3
Functions of the skin include a. release of a large amount of hormones b. regulating body temperature c. synthesizing antibodies d. producing adipose tissue
regulating body temperature
A "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n) a. incision. b. puncture. c. laceration. d. contusion. e. abrasion.
abrasion
The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is a. acne b. blister c. wart d. carbuncle.
acne
Which of the following is found in the subcutaneous layer ? a. adipose tissue b. sebaceous glands c. hair shaft d. melanocytes
adipose tissue
Which is NOT a component of sweat ? a. water b. sodium c. electrolytes d. Ammonia
ammonia
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands. a. merocrine b. mucous c. sebaceous d. apocrine e. ceruminous
apocrine
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by a. decreasing melanin production. b. perspiring, cooling the body through evaporation c. constricting blood vessels. d. losing oxygen to surrounding tissues.
perspiring, cooling the body through evaporation
Which type of burn is most painful ? a. Second-degree b. Third-degree c. First-degree
second-degree
Which type cancer commonly begins as a small mole ? a. squamous cell carcinoma b. breast cancer c. basal cell carcinoma d. melanoma
melanoma
Thick skin can be found on the _____. a. back b. arms c. palms d. chest
palms
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, a. they divide. b. they die. c. their nutrient supply increases. d. the produce daughter cells.
they die
The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n) a. second-degree burn. b. partial-thickness burn. c. first-degree burn. d. third-degree burn e. semi-partial-thickness burn.
third-degree burn
Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight a. D3. b. A c. D2 d. E e. C
D3
Sweat glands that communicate with hair follicles in the armpits (axillary region) and produce an odorous secretion are a. apocrine glands b. sebaceous glands c. merocrine glands d. a, b, c, are correct
apocrine glands
Shafts of hair are comprised of a. dead keratinized epidermal cells. b. epithelial stem cells c. Thick bands of fibrin d. strands of living keratinized dermal cells.
dead keratinized epidermal cells
When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiological basis ? a. decreasing melanin production. b. constricting blood vessels c. losing oxygen to surrounding tissues d. dilating blood vessels
dilating blood vessels
Skin injuries and infections are more common in old age becuase a. reduced dermal blood supply. b. Less production of gland secretions. c. lower amount of melanin production. d. Epidermal thinning.
epidermal thinning
What muscles allow this to occur to the hair ? (goose bumps) a. macrophage cells b. hair papilla c. apocrine glands d. errector pili muscles
errector pili muscles
Choose the 3 comonents that form granulation tissue a. keloids b. collagen c. fibrin blood clot d. fibroblasts e. capillaries
fibrin blood clot, fibroblasts, capillaries
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as a. fourth-degree. b. third-degree. c. second-degree. d. first-degree.
first-degree
Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters? a. full-thickness b. first-degree c. third-degree d. second-degree e. fourth-degree
first-degree
The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called __________. a. calcitriol b. keratin c. melanin d. carotene
keratin
Which of the following best explains why hair color dulls or turns silver/grey as a person ages ? a. Thinning of the epidermis b. Low functioning follicles and decreased melanocyte activity c. Decline in vitamin D3 production d. Decrease in elastic network
low functioning follicles and decreased melanocyte activity
Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands. a. merocrine sweat b. apocrine sweat c. mammary d. ceruminous e. sebaceous
mammary
The hair _________________ grows, making hair longers. a. stratum b. matrix c. dermis d. subcutaneous layer
matrix
Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer? a. basal cell carcinoma b. melanoma c. albinism d. squamous cell carcinoma e. cyanosis
basal cell carcinoma
Exposure of the skin to UV radiaton ____________________. a. can cause destruction of vitamin D3 b. can result in increased numbers of melanocytes forming in the skin c. can cause DNA alteration in skin cells d. can result in decreased melanin production by melanocytes
can cause DNA alteration in skin cells
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light a. can cause destruction of vitamin D3. b. can result in decreased melanin production by melanocytes. c. can slowly increase melanocyte activity. d. can result in increased numbers of melanocytes forming in the skin. e. has no effect on the skin cells.
can slowly increase melanocyte activity
The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup. a. melanin b. carotene c. bilirubin d. keratin e. biliverdin
carotene
The skin may turn orange as a result of ___________ buildup. a. keratin b. biliverdin c. melanin d. carotene
carotene
________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow. a. Cyanosis b. Sebum c. Cerumen d. Carotene e. Melanin
carotene
Functions of the skin include a. producing adipose tissue. b. synthesizing digestive enzymes. c. regulating body temperature. d. synthesizing antibodies. e. release of large amounts of hormones.
regulating body temperature
Merocrine sweat glands a. are most common in the axillary and inguinal regions of the body. b. are active only in areas of dense hair. c. respond only in times of stress. d. respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
respond primarily to elevated body temperature
Another term for sweat glands is a. merocrine b. sebaceous c. apocrine d. sudoriferous
sudoriferous
The two major components of the integument are a. the hair and nails b. the dermis and the subcutaneous layer c. the epidermis and the hypodermis d. the cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures
the cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________. a. ultraviolet radiation b. discoloration c. albinism d. keratin production e. melanocyte activity
ultraviolet radiation
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from __________. a. melanocyte activity b. ultraviolet radiation c. discoloration d. albinism
ultraviolet radiation
Short term paling of the skin occurs with _______________. a. Skin cancers b. Vitamin D3 deficiency c. In areas of high oxygen concentration d. vasoconstriction
vasoconstriction
When the arrector pili muscles contract a. shivering occurs b. hairs are shed c. "goose bumps" are formed d. the skin changes color
"goose bumps" are formed
When the arrector pili muscles contract, a. "goose bumps" are formed. b. shivering occurs. c. sweat is released from sweat glands. d. hairs are shed.
"goose bumps" are formed
What degree of burn would affect the connective tissues of the skin, which contains capillaries and nerve fibers ? a. 1st degree b. 3rd degree c. 2nd degree
3rd degree
Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands. a. ceruminous b. merocrine sweat c. mammary d. sebaceous
ceruminous
Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands. a. ceruminous b. merocrine sweat c. mammary d. sebaceous
ceruminous
The skin is also called the ________ membrane. a. cutaneous b. mucous c. serous d. synovial e. peritoneal
cutaneous
A ceruminous gland that is over productive would produce an excessive amount of a. sweat b. nails c. earwax d. tears
earwax
Which of the following glands are sensitive to hormonal changes, causing acne in many people going through puberty. a. Ceruminous b. Sebaceous c. Mammary d. Cuticle
sebaceous
The two types of exocrine glands in the skin are a. eccrine and sweat glands b. merocrine and sweat glands c. sebaceous and sweat glands d. apocrine and sweat glands
sebaceous and sweat glands
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________. a. stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis b. adjusts overall gland secretion rates in the body c. increases blood flow in the dermis d. stimulates the synthesis of photoreceptor pigments in the eye e. constricts blood vessels in the dermis
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ___________. a. increases blood flow in the dermis b. stimulates the synthesis of photoreceptor pigment in the eye c. stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis d. constricts blood vessels in the dermis
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
Aging results in gray or white hair because a. sebaceous glands die b. there is less pigment production c. melanin begins to overproduce d. cells shed at a faster rate
there is less pigment production
Vitamin D3 is essestinal for _____________________. a. Calcium and Phosphorus absorption in the small intestine. b. Oxygenation of blood in the dermis c. Maintaining homeostasis by providing gland secretions. d. The formation of melanocytes and keratin
calcium and phosphorus absorption in the small intestine
Which of the following is a plausible reason for increased infections due to a break in the intgument system, as the skin ages ? a. Build up of keratinized skin with age b. Decrease amount of macrophage residing in the skin c. Less active sweat glands d. Lowered amount of melanin production
decrease amount of macrophage residing in the skin
How is the severity of a burn measured ? a. length across the tissues and color of skin that is affected b. how much of the body is covered in the burn c. the type of burn (chemical, heat, radiation, electrical shock) and length of exposure d. depth into the tissues and the total area affected
depth into the tissues and the total area affected
Blood vessels are located in the a. adipose layer b. epidermis c. dermis d. papillary layer
dermis
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the a. epidermis. b. papilla. c. hypodermis d. dermis.
dermis
Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure? a. cortex of the hair b. cuticle of the hair c. hair root d. hair matrix
hair matrix
The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion? a. apocrine b. endocrine c. holocrine d. merocrine e. eccrine
holocrine
Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands a. contain astringent compounds that contract the skin and its sweat gland pores. b. is limited to the hair follicles of the armpits (axillia), nipples, and public region. c. contains electrolytes and waste products, such as urea. d. helps to cool the surface of the skin when it evaporates. e. is more than 99 percent water.
is limited to the hair follicles of the armpits (axillia), nipples, and public region
This type of skin decor is created by making ________ scars. a. scab b. granulation c. keloid d. melanin
keloid
What is the function of mammary glands ? a. secrete milk for feeding of young b. It is converted by the kidneys into the hormone calcitriol. c. It provides water-resistant properties to the integument. d. It is required for the normal maintenance of epithelial cells.
secrete milk for feeding of young
Choose the 3 accessory structures of the Integumentary System a. select exocrine glands b. epidermis c. hair d. nails e. cutaneous membrane
select exocrine glands, hair, nails
__________ cells of epithelium and connective tissue undergo cell division to replace lost or damaged tissue. a. Keratin b. Stem c. Basal d. Melanin
stem
Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person? a. Bone strength decreases in the elderly. b. Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly. c. There are fewer melanocytes in the skin of a younger person. d. The blood supply to the dermis is reduced in the skin of a young person. e. The hair is thinner in the elderly.
stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly
In albinism, ________ is lacking. a. keratin b. collagen c. keratinocytes d. melanin e. carotene
melanin
In albinism, __________ is lacking. a. keratin b. collagen c. keratinocytes d. melanin
melanin
The observed difference in skin color reflect the levels of ________________ production. a. melanocyte b. melanin c. keratinocyte d. carotene
melanin
The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production. a. carotene b. melanocyte c. keratinocyte d. melanin e. keratin
melanin
The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from a. keratinocytes. b. nonpigmented epithelial cells. c. pigmented basal cells. d. melanocytes e. nonpigmented dermal cells.
melanocytes