intelligence test review

As we retrieve memories from our memory bank, we often alter them based on past experiences and our current expectations. What explains this phenomena?

memory construction

Define cognition

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowledge ,remembering, and communicating

A prototype is a

Mental image/Best example of a category

Define the Flynn effect

intelligence is increasing so the IQ must constantly be rewritten so the average = 100

Describe what an aptitude test measures and give two examples of aptitude tests

a person's ability to learn certain things and perform certain tasks

What is proactive interference?

Old info prevents the learning of new info

These tests measure what a person has learned or accomplished in a certain area

achievement

Define mnemonic devices

Techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

A mental set is a

Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as____is to____

Visual stimulation/auditory stimulation

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

Algorithm

Who posited the linguistic determinism hypothesis and explain what this means.

Chomsky

Explicit memory is to___ as implicit memory is to

Conscious/unconscious.

Define flashbulb memories.

Extremely clear and vivid memories of an emotionally significant event

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test. used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score A statistical method that enables researchers to identify clusters of test items that measure a common ability.

Factor analysis

Define Intelligence Test

In method of assessing on individual mental aptitude and Company them numerically

In terms of human memory, what is the difference between recognition and recall?

Recall - FRQ, Recognition- MC

Uber Ugly Uwanda scores a 153,000 on her SAT test. She then failed all of her classes during the first semester at the McVey. Institute of Hurting Teenage Feelings. This means the SAT test lacked

Reliability

Harrison did not know how to solve the rubric cube. He kept on trying random strategies until he finally fell upon the correct strategy. His problem - solving strategy best illustrates which problem-solving strategy.

Trial and error

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize linguistic determinism hypothesis for

Under estimating how much thinking that occurs without language

Mr McVey teaches Kristi how to mop the kitchen floor. He then gives her a test on how to wash windows. Mr. McVey has created a test that does not possess

content validity

The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called

grammar

In terms of IQ scores, identical twins reared together show a___correlation, while identical twins reared apart show a____correlation.

higher/lower

The process of getting information out of memory is called

retrieval

Intelligence tests do not appear to be biased in terms of their statistical ability of prediction across ethnic groups. Any bias demonstrated has to do with

revealing unequal experiences and opportunities.

Deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of

semmantic encoding

"The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of

short memory.

If you can only remember a phone number long enough to dial it, the number is stored in which memory?

short term memory

Conditions must be the same for everyone and norms are set for these types of tests

standardized

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is

unlimited

The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure determines

validity

Telegraphic speech is

Early speech stage where children speak like a telegram

What is telegraphic speech?

Early speech stage where children speak like a telegram

define mental retardation.

IQ of less than 70 with disturbances in adaptive behavior

Walking into your kitchen you think, "I need to get my backpack in the bedroom." When you reach the bedroom, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your kitchen, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

context effects

The letters V, O, L, E are presented. Bill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word "LOVE." This provides an illustration of

mnemonic device

Using the mnemonic HOMES to remember the Great Lakes illustrates the use of

mnemonic devices

The results must be repeatable or stable. The tester should obtain two sets of scores on the same test from the same people and compute a correlation coefficient. If the correlation is high and positive then test is

reliable

Which pioneering researcher made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?

Hermann Ebbinghaus

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

People 13 and older never progressed to the speech of a normal adult

What is brain plasticity?

The brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called

Insight

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

Judge the likelihood of something based on how prototypical it is of a concept

According to Howard Gardner, a writer or a poet possesses the intelligence known as

Linguistic

Heuristics are

Mental shortcuts

The inability to remember events in one's life which occurred prior to a brain injury is known as

Retrograde amnesia

What is confirmation bias?

Tendency to search for information that conforms ones preconceptions

_____ was put forth by______This theory suggests that there are three basic processes to intelligence.

The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence/Robert Sternberg

In terms of problem-solving, what is fixation?

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus found that

The more you practice the better you remember

Define Savant Syndrome.

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

The earliest stage of speech development is called the___stage.

babbling

Adopted children's intelligence correlates with, especially in adulthood.

biological

Who argued that children's readiness to learn language is a biological predisposition?

chomsky

The smallest speech units that carry meaning are called

morpheme

What is retroactive interference?

new info bumps out old info

At 17 months of age, Julie says "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the___of language development.

one word stage

The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a

phoneme