intelligence test review
As we retrieve memories from our memory bank, we often alter them based on past experiences and our current expectations. What explains this phenomena?
memory construction
Define cognition
Mental activities associated with thinking, knowledge ,remembering, and communicating
A prototype is a
Mental image/Best example of a category
Define the Flynn effect
intelligence is increasing so the IQ must constantly be rewritten so the average = 100
Describe what an aptitude test measures and give two examples of aptitude tests
a person's ability to learn certain things and perform certain tasks
What is proactive interference?
Old info prevents the learning of new info
These tests measure what a person has learned or accomplished in a certain area
achievement
Define mnemonic devices
Techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
A mental set is a
Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way
Iconic memory is to echoic memory as____is to____
Visual stimulation/auditory stimulation
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of
Algorithm
Who posited the linguistic determinism hypothesis and explain what this means.
Chomsky
Explicit memory is to___ as implicit memory is to
Conscious/unconscious.
Define flashbulb memories.
Extremely clear and vivid memories of an emotionally significant event
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test. used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score A statistical method that enables researchers to identify clusters of test items that measure a common ability.
Factor analysis
Define Intelligence Test
In method of assessing on individual mental aptitude and Company them numerically
In terms of human memory, what is the difference between recognition and recall?
Recall - FRQ, Recognition- MC
Uber Ugly Uwanda scores a 153,000 on her SAT test. She then failed all of her classes during the first semester at the McVey. Institute of Hurting Teenage Feelings. This means the SAT test lacked
Reliability
Harrison did not know how to solve the rubric cube. He kept on trying random strategies until he finally fell upon the correct strategy. His problem - solving strategy best illustrates which problem-solving strategy.
Trial and error
Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize linguistic determinism hypothesis for
Under estimating how much thinking that occurs without language
Mr McVey teaches Kristi how to mop the kitchen floor. He then gives her a test on how to wash windows. Mr. McVey has created a test that does not possess
content validity
The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called
grammar
In terms of IQ scores, identical twins reared together show a___correlation, while identical twins reared apart show a____correlation.
higher/lower
The process of getting information out of memory is called
retrieval
Intelligence tests do not appear to be biased in terms of their statistical ability of prediction across ethnic groups. Any bias demonstrated has to do with
revealing unequal experiences and opportunities.
Deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of
semmantic encoding
"The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of
short memory.
If you can only remember a phone number long enough to dial it, the number is stored in which memory?
short term memory
Conditions must be the same for everyone and norms are set for these types of tests
standardized
The human capacity for storing long-term memories is
unlimited
The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure determines
validity
Telegraphic speech is
Early speech stage where children speak like a telegram
What is telegraphic speech?
Early speech stage where children speak like a telegram
define mental retardation.
IQ of less than 70 with disturbances in adaptive behavior
Walking into your kitchen you think, "I need to get my backpack in the bedroom." When you reach the bedroom, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your kitchen, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by
context effects
The letters V, O, L, E are presented. Bill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word "LOVE." This provides an illustration of
mnemonic device
Using the mnemonic HOMES to remember the Great Lakes illustrates the use of
mnemonic devices
The results must be repeatable or stable. The tester should obtain two sets of scores on the same test from the same people and compute a correlation coefficient. If the correlation is high and positive then test is
reliable
Which pioneering researcher made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that
People 13 and older never progressed to the speech of a normal adult
What is brain plasticity?
The brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience
A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called
Insight
The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to
Judge the likelihood of something based on how prototypical it is of a concept
According to Howard Gardner, a writer or a poet possesses the intelligence known as
Linguistic
Heuristics are
Mental shortcuts
The inability to remember events in one's life which occurred prior to a brain injury is known as
Retrograde amnesia
What is confirmation bias?
Tendency to search for information that conforms ones preconceptions
_____ was put forth by______This theory suggests that there are three basic processes to intelligence.
The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence/Robert Sternberg
In terms of problem-solving, what is fixation?
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective
Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus found that
The more you practice the better you remember
Define Savant Syndrome.
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
The earliest stage of speech development is called the___stage.
babbling
Adopted children's intelligence correlates with, especially in adulthood.
biological
Who argued that children's readiness to learn language is a biological predisposition?
chomsky
The smallest speech units that carry meaning are called
morpheme
What is retroactive interference?
new info bumps out old info
At 17 months of age, Julie says "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the___of language development.
one word stage
The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a
phoneme