INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE for Construction Documents
ADA Drinking Fountain
30" x 48" clear space required for front approach. If drinking fountain is freestanding or built-in without clear space below, it must have clear floorspace (30" x 48") in front for a parallel approach.
Commercial office spaces wall switches must be placed:
30"-48" AFF
Exit corridors must have a rating of
1 hour
Advertising for Bids
1) Advertise in newspapers and trade journals- states project name and location, gives time and place for receiving bids, conditions for bidding 2) Invitation to bid- to prequalified bidders
Cost Influences
1) Construction cost 2) Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment 3) Contractor's overhead and profit 4) Professional Fees 5) Taxes 6) Moving Costs 7) Telephone and data system installation 8) contingencies
Furnishing Layouts
1) determine the types and numbers of individual pieces required 2) Consider the space between the pieces and their orientation to each other 3) Think about the general access to the grouping and its relationship to existing elements within the room
Contracts include
1) parties to the contract and date 2) scope of work and designer's responsibilities 3) purchasing agreements, if any 4) method of payment 5) reimburseable expenses 6) extra services 7) responsibilities of the client 8) ownership of documents 9) provisions for arbitration 10) termination of the contract 11) signatures
Professional Fees
1) those that are based only on professional services 2) those based on retail method of reselling furniture and fixtures. 5 methods of determining fees based on professional services 1) fixed fee 2) hourly rate 3) % of project cost 4) area fee 5) retail method
Total Overhead
10-20% of the total costs for the contractors labor, materials and equipment
Occupancy & occupant load
2 most important factors in determining number of exits required for a particular room or space: Occupancy & distance from room exit to building exit; Exit widths & common path of egress travel; Occupant & building size; or Occupancy & occupant load.
Areas above the first floor must always have at least _____ exits if the occupant load is _____ or more
2, 10
Min clear width of ramp
36"
Basic Provisions (Owner-Contractor Agreement)
-Description of the work -Date of Commencement -Substantial Completion -Contract Sum
Duties and Responsibilities of the Interior Designer
-acts as the owner's represenative -advises and consults with the owner -may act on behalf of the owner to the extent provided in the contract documents -assists the owner in coordinating schedules for delivery/installation but is NOT responsible for the actions of the contractor -visits the site on a regulary basis to guage progress -reviews shop drawings -prepares change orders -conducts final inspection to determine date of substantial completion -interprets and decides on matters concerning the contract documents -responsible for varfying that the contract documents conform to the building codes and ordenances
20
Dead-end corridors are generally limited to a maximum of how many feet?
Proxemics
Deals with issues of space between people, territoriality & organization of space.
Programming
Defines a problem before a solution is attempted. States the goals and objectives of the client. May contain an analysis of the existing building. aesthetic considerations, space needs, adjacency requirements, organizing concepts, code restrictions, budget demands, scheduling limitations
Asymmetrical Balance
Depends on equalizing the visual, or optical, weights of nonsimilar elements in a composition within a visual field or about a common axis. Generally considered informal and dynamic
Technical Specification
Describe the quality of materials and workmanship, along with general requirements for the execution of the work, standards and other items
Programming
Design Project Phase 1
Schematic Design
Design Project Phase 2
Design Development
Design Project Phase 3
Contract Documentation
Design Project Phase 4
Contract Administration
Design Project Phase 5
Bidding (tendering)
Designer must assist owner in preparing bidding documents, necesary procurement forms, conditions of the contracts, and forms of agreement between the owner and contractor. Designer assists the owner in obtaining bids (or negotiated proposals, if project is not bid) and evaluating the bids. Notice- the designer's responsibility is to ASSIST the owner NOT to preform all this work alone
Design Development
Designer refines the approved schematic design work so that the size, scope and character of the project are generally fixed. Drawings, boards, samples, etc are presented to client for approval or modification before work on the contract documents phase is commenced. DD drawings include detailed plans, furniture and fixture layout, lighting design, sketches of special built-in cabinetry and furniture and elevations or 3D drawings and outline of construction specifications. At the end of this phase, the designer submits another statement of probable project cost for approval reflecting the changes and specific decisions made since ED phase.
Point out situation to contractor & write letter to client stating what was observed
During a routine visit, the interior designer notices a lack of barricades around a floor opening while interior construction is taking place. What should the designer do? Point out situation to contractor & write letter to client stating what was observed; Tell the contractor to correct the situation; Write a letter to the contractor stating the concerns, & copy the owner on the letter; or Have the contractor stop the work until the problem is corrected.
Owner
During furniture delivery to 5th floor of building, elevator transportation is the responsibility of the: Building manager; FF&E vendor; General contractor; or Owner.
Hinge side approach, door swings into room
During space planning, designer must locate 36" door leading from corridor to another room. In order to provide accessibility & minimize corridor width, which door orientation & approach best meet criteria? Front approach, door swings into room; Latch side approach; door swings into corridor; Hinge side approach, door swings into room; or Front approach, door swings into corridor.
Programming
During this phase, the designer consults with the owner to develop the applicable requirements of the project, study the feasibility of meeting the requirements within the constraints of the owner's budget and the building in which the project is to be located. This information and analysis are documented in a written program.
Design development
Exact requirements for grab bars is most likely made during which phase?
Master Spec - Part 3
Execution
1 hr
Exit access corridors in non-sprinklered buildings must have a rating of: 30 min; 45 min; 1 hr; or 2 hrs.
Protected by fire-rated construction
Exits are always: Protected by fire-rated construction; Limited in length; Corridors or stairways; or Required in building without sprinklers.
Base plan
Floor plan drawing of existing space.
Powder
For a sustainable furnishing, use what type of coating instead of standard paint?
Prequalification of bidders
For client who wants to hire best contractor for project at best price and limit potentially non-qualified companies, interior designer should suggest: An invitation to bid; An advertisement to bid; Prequalification of bidders; or A negotiated contract.
4 Major considerations of Prgramming
Form, Function, Economy and Time
Harmony
Agreement of parts to each other & to whole.
Isometric drawing
All axes are drawn to same scale.
Owner & interior designer
Along with contractors, who typically attends bid openings? Owner, interior designer, owner & interior designer, or subcontractors, owner & interior designer.
Balance
Arrangement of elements to achieve visual equilibrium.
Efficiency of the space
= the ration of the Net to Gross Ratio (ranges from 60 to 80%)
CRI IAQ program
A building can received LEED credit if the carpet used meets the requirements of: CRI IAQ program; Greenguard registry; Green Seal product standard; or South Coast AQMD.
Glass doors will have to be replaced
A client requested a new entry to her business located in unsprinklered building. The current entrance consists of a pair of glass doors mounted on floor closers. The entrance opens onto a 1-hour rated building corridor. What should designer tell the cilent? Smoke seals will have to be located around edges of glass doors; Glass doors will have to be replaced; 1 of doors will have to be removed; or Floor closers will have to be changed to hinges.
Live load
A compact filing system is an example of a which type of load - dead, dynamic, lateral or live load?
Extra space for storage & initial preparation of furniture delivered to site
A contractor would be within her rights if she asked the owner to provide which of the following? Extra insurance for the goods during transit from the warehouse to site; Final inspection & acceptance by the owner the furniture was off the truck; Extra space for storage & initial preparation of furniture delivered to site; or Additional workers to help with final installation.
Occupancy classification & whether building is sprinklered
A designer is developing a space plan for a full floor tenant in a high-rise building. What 2 things does designer need to know when determining maximum travel distance? Construction type & height of building; Occupancy classification & whether design involves an exit or exit access; Occupancy classification & whether building is sprinklered; or Construction type & whether building is sprinklered.
NFPA 13
A designer is planning a library in which tall bookshelves will be used. If project is in city that has adopted IBC, where would designer look to find requirements on minimum allowable space between top of shelving & sprinkler heads in ceiling? IBC; International Mechanical Code; NFPA 13; or IPC.
Tempered or laminated glass
A designer selecting glass to meet requirements for safety glazing in a hazardous location should specify: Tempered or laminated glass; Tempered or wired glass; Heat-strengthened glass or wired glass; or Laminated glass or wired glass.
Design concept
A general or overall idea of how a design problem will be approached.
Golden Ratio
A is to B as B is to (A + B). For a rectangle it is known as Golden Section
Welt cording
Avoid using what seaming on surfaces where cigarettes may be dropped.
Determining Needs in Programming
Balances the desires of the client against the available budget or establishes a budget based on the defined goals or needs. "wants" are separated from
Contract Documents
Based on approved DD submissions, the designer is responsible for preparing detailed drawings, specifications and other documents required to have the project constructed. Interior construction is contracted differently than furniture and equipment. Designer should advise client of any adjustments or changes to the previous statements of probable project cost based on changes in the scope of work during document preparation.
Schematic Design
Based on approved written program, the designer prepares diagrams showing the general functional relationships required by the project. Designer develops preliminary space allocation plans showing partitions, furnishings and other pertinent planning ideas. Designer also prepares studies to establish the design concept (materials, furniture, finishes). Prepares preliminary project cost based on design concept and similar projects (scope, quality). The designer is NOT responsible for final project cost.
Central
Based on one space or point about which secondary elements are placed. Very formal- hotel lobby
1978
Before what year is a building likely to have lead-based paint?
Shade
Black added to a color.
Designer's fees & reimbursables
A project construction budget prepared by the interior designer should probably NOT include: Contractor's profit; Designer's fees & reimbursables; Estimates for built-in equipment; or Fixtures to be supplied by the owner.
Contractor
A project is being completed subject to the std AIA General Conditions & contract agreements. If some millwork was installed with the incorrect finish, who is responsible if no sample was submitted to the designer? Millworker; Interior designer; Project manager; or Contractor.
Master Spec - Part 1
General requirements
Simplicity
Gestalt theory states people prefer simplest, most stable organizations of form.
Closure
Gestalt theory states tendency to perceive incomplete forms as complete.
ADA Stairs
Handrails must be continuous on both sides of stairs. Top of handrail 34" to 38" above stair nosings exted 12" min. beyond ends of stairs 1 1/4" to 1 1/2" clear space between handrail and the wall. When an exit stairway is part of an accessible route in an unsprinklered building there must be 48" clear width between handrails
Contract Documentation
Hardlining final designs is part of which phase?
Elevators
Call buttons must indicate when each call is registered and answered. Hall lantern must give visual and audible signal. Inside elevator cab- floor buttons can be no higher than 54" AFF
Oblique drawing
Can be drawn using existing orthographic drawings as starting point.
Cost Information
Can be obtained from commercially produced cost books that are published annually, but this is an average of many past projects from around the country. A better source of current, reliable information would be local contractors and other design professionals who have experience in the type of project you are budgeting
No
Can glass doors be fire rated?
ADA Signage and Alarms
Certain accessible rooms and features are required to be clearly identified with the symbol for accessibility and that identification, directional and informational signs meet certain specifications. International symbol for accessibility is required on parking spaces, passenger loading zones, accessible entrances, and toilet and bathing facilities when not all are accessible.
Radon
Certified contractors are required to abate all of the following hazardous materials EXCEPT: Asbestos; Lead; PBCs; or Radon.
ADA
Civil Right. Federal law requiring that all commercial and public accomodations be accessible to people with disabilities. Not a building code, but if not complied with civil lawsuits will follow. Does NOT cover single or multi-family housing, which is regulated by Fair Housing Act. Federal buildings are governed by Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards.
Perscriptive Specification
Closed. Tells exactly what product or material you want the contractor to use by using brand names. Variations: Base-bid and Proprietary
44"
According to UBC, minimum width of a stair when handrails are required on either side is: 36"; 42"; 44"; or 60".
Complementary colors of high saturation
How does designer create most vivid & easily perceived color-coding system in an elderly housing facility?
25'
How far apart should exit doors typically be?
2
How many exit doors are required on NCIDQ?
Civil suit
If a building owner does not comply with ADA, he is liable for a -----?
Noncombustible
If a material does not burn, it is considered: Fire retardant; Fire rated; Flame resistant; or Noncombustible.
No
If a material supplier says adding his product to a wall assembly would increase STC rating by slightly more than 3 dB, would this work - Yes, or No - product does not make if worth effort or cost
Convector
If all of the following are present, what must be modified to achieve acoustic separation in a perimter office - acoustical tiles, gypsum wallboard, convector or batt insulation?
General contractor
If an interior designer did not find an error on the shop drawings for a custom steel doorframe & doorframe was subsequently fabricated, who is responsible for paying to have the mistake corrected? Doorframe supplier; Wall framing subcontractor; General contractor; or Interior Designer.
Certify only amount that designer believes represents work completed & stored, & attach letter explaining why amount certified differs from amount applied for
If it appears to interior designer that the dollar amount requested on contractor's application for payment exceeds work completed & material stored, the designer should: Certify only amount that designer believes represents work completed & stored, & attach letter explaining why amount certified differs from amount applied for; Return application to contractor & request it be revised to be more in line with actual work & materials stored; Reject application & attach an explanatory letter; or Send application to the client for his review & opinion about what amount should be certified.
Telephones
If public telephones are provided, at least 1 must comply with ADA requirements. If there are two or more banks of telephones, there must be at least 1 telephone at each bank that complies with ADA. If 4 or more public pay telephones provided, then at least one interior public text telephone is required.
Interior designer
If the interior designer specifies file cabinets that do not fit within a space the contractor built according to the contract documents, who is responsible for paying for the construction?
3rd-party claim
If, during construction, an interior designer repeatedly tells a contractor how to install certain finishes, this could give way to: A breach of duty; A claim of negligence; Liability exposure; or 3rd-party claim.
Contractor should notify designer of discrepancy in writing
If, during construction, the contractor notices a handrail does not meet local building codes, what action could designer reasonably expect contractor to take? Contractor should notify designer of discrepancy in writing; Contractor should correct situation & submit change order for extra work; Contractor should build handrail according to contract documents because conformance to code is designer's responsibility; or Contractor should notify designer of problem & suggest remedy.
Travel distances
In a 90,000 ft single-story office building, what would be of greatest concern in space planning? Dead-end corridors; Corridor widths; Horizontal exits; or Travel distances.
4
In a fully sprinklered office building; how many sprinklers would be required in a room measuring 20 ft x 25 ft? 2; 3; 4 or 6.
2
In a nonresidential building, how many stair risers equal a flight?
Use fire-rated dividers
In a plenum, how can a fire be prevented from spreading horizontally - install sprinkler systems; use fire-rated dividers; use fiberglass material; or install fire dampers?
Vaulted ceiling
In a small lecture hall, it would be best to avoid - a sound amplification system, vaulted ceiling, carpet or parallel walls?
Scoping provisions of local building code
In addition to meeting ADA requirements, what other accessibility requirements should interior designer be most concerned with when designing for a commercial project? ANSI A117.1; Scoping provisions of local building code; ADAAG; or Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards.
Use indirect ambient lighting & use individual task lights at each workstation
In designing a room where work will take place at both VDTs & standard work surfaces, what approach to lighting-design is most appropriate - Use indirect ambient lighting & use individual task lights at each workstation; locate downlights over work surfaces & use indirect light fixtures over VDTs; use low-brightness troffers controlled by dimmers & use task lighting on work surfaces; or specify direct-indirect system that is locally controlled at each workstation?
Change order
In order to allow the contractor extra time to complete project because owner asked for minor changes, the interior designer should issue: Addendum; Construction change authorization; Change order; or Minor work order.
Indirect labor costs
In order to reduce fees to be competitive in a local market, an interior designer should first consider reducing: Indirect labor costs; Capital expenses; Profit; or Salary rates.
Steiner tunnel test
In order to specify an acceptable type of wall covering, which test should the designer require the wall covering pass? Methenamine pill test; Smoke density chamber test; Steiner tunnel test; or Vertical integration test.
Construction type, adjacent occupancies & sprinkler condition
In starting a design project in a multi-use building, what 3 pieces of information would an interior designer need to determine? Construction type; adjacent occupancies; sprinkler condition; fire zone classification; or accessibility requirements.
Type V
In which building type are fire-resistive construction requirements likely to be LEAST restrictive?
Type I
In which building type are fire-resistive construction requirements likely to be MOST restrictive?
Supplementary Conditions of the Contract
Information that is unique to each project can be included in 1 of 4 ways. 1)bidding requirements, if related to bidding 2)Owner-contractor agreement, if related to contractual matters 3)Supplementary Conditions, if it modifies the general conditions 4)Division 1 (general requirements) of the specifications in the project manual
Contract Administration
Installation coordination is part of which phase?
Improve acoustic characteristics of wall
Insulation is used in interior walls to: Prevent heat transmission; Improve strength of wall; Improve acoustic characteristics of wall; or Increase fire resistance of wall?
Programming
Interviewing is part of which phase?
4 basic distances
Intimate (0-18") Personal (18"- 4'-0") Social (4'-0" - 12'-0") Public (12'-0" +)
0-18"
Intimate distance
What document briefly describes the project, states where the project documents can be secured, and describes the bidding procedures
Invitation to tender (bid)
Estimating by Parameter
Involves an expanded itemization of construction quantities and furnishings and assignment of unit costs to these quantities. As design progresses, the client and designer have a better idea of the exact scope of the work, the budget can be refined. It is possible to evaluate the cost implications of each building component in order to make decisions concerning quantity and quality that meet the original budget estimate.
Contract Documentation
Issuing specifications is part of which phase?
Grazing
Placing recessed lights close to wall to enhance appearance or texture of wall.
Type V construction
Least fire-resistant with 2 story height limit
1
Least slippery COF
Liquidated Damages
Moneys paid by the contractor to the owner for every day the project is late. They represent actual anticipated losses the owner will incur if the project is not complete on time. Usually accompanied by a bonus provision so the contractor receives a payment for early completion. If a penalty clause is included (which is different than liquidated damages) a bonus provision MUST also be included.
Type I construction
Most fire-resistant with unlimited height
Quantity Take offs
Most precise, developed by counting actual quantities of materials/furnishings and multiplying these quantities by firm, quoted costs. Cannot be done until late in the design and construction document phase
0
Most slippery COF
ASTM
Name an industry standard-writing organization.
Welding
Name joining method heating 2 metals about their melting point (with or without a filler).
Brazing
Name joining method using 2 metals at intermediate temperature using a nonferrous filler metal.
Soldering
Name joining method using lead-based or tin-based allow that melts below 500 degrees F.
ISO 14020
Name the set of principles that must be followed by any practitioner of environmental labeling.
Progress Payments
Periodic payments from owner to contractor, based on payment applications. The amount due is based on % of completed work and any materials purchased and stored, and is less any moneys already paid.
ADA Signage
Permanent rooms and spaces must be identified. Lettering must be 5/8" to 2" high, raised 1/32" above sign surface. Must be all UPPERCASE, in sans serif or simple serif type and accompanied with grade 2 braille. Pictograms (if used) must be 6" or more high, must be accompanied by verbal description written below.
18"-4'
Personal distance
Emergency Warning Systems
Required to provide both Visual and Audible alarm.
Contract Administration
Responding to GC requests for information is part of which phase?
Contract Administration
Reviewing shop drawings is part of which phase?
What portion of a contract typically outlines the designer's responsibilities to the client?
Scope of services
Channeling
Secures fabric to cushion in parallel rows.
responsibilities of the contractor
Select the route to be used from the delivery point to final placement. Tell the owner about any special equipment or services required for the proper delivery and installation of the work. Do all cutting, fitting or patching required to complete the work and not to alter the work of others without first getting written consent of the owner. Provide labor, means and methods of carrying out the work according to prevailing labor conditions at the job site.
Dumbell
Simplest & one of most flexible circulation path patterns.
SP
Station point
Texture
Surface quality of material.
Mean radiant temperature
Tapestries in Gothic & Renaissance castles increase what?
Louisiana
The Uniform Commercial Code is applicable in all states except -
15 cfm/person
The absolute minimum fresh air ventilation rate recommended by ASHRAE Standard 62 is: 5 cfm/person; 10 cfm/person; 15 cfm/person; or 20 cfm/person.
Which insurance premium calculation is based on project fees?
Professional liability
Modulor
Proportioning system developed by Le Corbusier.
Doughnut Configuration
Provides a double-loaded corridor and automatically makes a continuout exitway so two exits are always available. Appropriate for larger groups of spaces
Beyond 12'
Public distance
Contract Administration
Purchasing is part of which phase?
3 parts of means of egress
exit access, exit, exit dishcharge
Examples of info gathering for programming process
field surverys, questionaires, checklist of required information, client interview, observation
Checklist of required information
goals and objectives, user requirements, activity requirements, furnishings and equipment adjacencies, space requirements, time and money requirements
The Interior Designer DOES NOT
have the authority to: -reject nonconforming work -stop the work -terminate the contract on behalf of the owner
method of payment
how much the client will be charged for services and how services will be paid for: fixed fee, multiple of direct personnel expense, % of project cost, cost per unit area. Contract should clearly define when payment is to be made and include payment due dates and any provision for late payments.
Analogous
hues that are close to each other on the color wheel
Complementary
hues that are on opposite sides of the color wheel
Consultant Coordination
ie.- the designer is responsible for retaining the services of other consultants, then the designer is usually responsible for directing/coordinating their work. Coordination occurs through regular scheduled meetings, progress prints and notifying affected parties of any changes as they occur.
Purchasing agreements (if any)
if designer is buying furniture and fixtures and reselling them to the client, specifically state the desingner's responsibilities as well as the client's payment, acceptance, rejection of damaged goods, payment of delivery and installation costs, deposits and methods of purchasing
ADA seating
if fixed or built-in seating or tables are provided in accessib;e public areas, then at least 5%, but not less than 1 table, of the seating areas must be accessible. In assembly with fixed seating, at least 1% of all fixed seats must be aisle seats with no armrests on the aisle side or must have removeable or folding armrests on the aisle side. Wheelchair areas must be an integral part of the overall seating plan and must be provided so people have a choise of asmission prices and sight lines comparable to the general public. Wheelchair areas must adjoin an accessible route that also serves as a means of emergency egress.
Closers
if provided, they must be adjusted to slow the closing time
ADA ramps
in no case, can ramps have a slope greater than 1:12 (1" rise for 12' run). Max. rise for any ramp is limited to 30". Changes in elevation greater than 30" requires a level landing before next run of ram in encountered. Min. clear width 36". Landing lengths= 60" min. (or equal to widest ramp that intersects the landing). If landings change direction at landing, then landing must be 60" square min. Ramps with rises greater than 6" or lengths greater than 72" must have handrails on both sides. Top of handrail must be 34"-38" above ramp and the handrails must extend 12" min, beyond ends of ramp. Diameter of handrail- 1 1/4" to 1 1/2"
Title and index sheet
indes, list of standard abbreviations, project data, sq. ft, occupancy category, building type, etc.
Establishing goals in Programming
indicate what the client wants to achieve and why. Establish the direction of programmatic concepts that ultimately suggest the physical means of achieving the goals.
A design concept
is a statement of a specific physical responce indicating how a programmatic concept can be satisfied
Radial Balance
is a type of symmetrical balance in which elements are arranged uniformly about a central point
Proxemics
is how the theory of personal space is applied to the use of space
Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT)
is the value used to determine the aspect of comfort between the body body losing heat or gaining heat due to the temperature of surrounding surfaces.
Contrast
is the way we perceive the difference between things, create importance and add interest to our environment
Extra services
it is common for the client to request extra work once project begins: studying more design options, expanding the area of the job, specifying additional furniture, requiring a longer time commitment due to delays.
Date of Commencement
it is from this date that construction completion time is measured
important provision
language concerning project cost is that the designer DOES NOT warrant that bids or negotiated costs will not vary from the owner's budget or form any estimate prepared by the designer
In a legal dispute between a client and a designer, a letter of agreement is considered:
legally binding
Installation (owner's responsibilities)
make adequate facilities available for the delivery, unloading, staging and storage of furniture and equipment. Make sure all delivery and staging areas and delivery routes for items are free of obstacles or other trades that may impede the contractor. Provide contractor with firm schedule for the use of unloading facilities and elevators. Inspect the work upon delivery for the sole purpose of identifying materials, furniture and equipment and to verify quantities. This inspection is not final or implies acceptance of or control over items delivered. To abide by the agreed critical dates in the progress schedule submitted by the contractor. Provide security against loss or damage of furniture and equipment stored at the site between delivery and final acceptance by the owner.
Protruding Objects
can be a hazard for visually impaired people. Protruding objects with their lower edge less than 27" AFF can be detecte with a cane, so these objects may project any amount. Protruding objects cannot reduce the clear width required for an accessible route or manuevering space. If vertical clearance of an area adjacent to an accessible route is reduced to less than 80" a guardrail or other barrier must be provided.
Initial Budgets
can be set in several ways: 1) the client has already estimated the amout of money available and simply gives this figure to the designer 2) Budgets can be set thru public funding or legislation 3) The client will describe the scope of work and intent and ask the designer to develop an anticipated budget
What is typically shown in a interior designer's reflected ceiling plan?
ceiling grid, full height partitions, luminaries, and columns
Floor Plans
demo plans, construction plans, finish plans, telephone and power plans, furniture plans. Views seen as though the building were cut horizontally 4'-0" above the floor. Shows the building configuration including walls, dims, existing construction to remain, references to elevations and details, room names and #'s, floor material indications, millwork, plumbing fixtures, built-in fistures, stairs
Construction Drawings
describe in detail the extent of the work and the location, deminsions and relationships of the various construction elements. The contractor and subs use them, along with the specifications to build the project
Time
describes the ideas of past, present and future as they affect the other 3 considerations
What should you provide as a part of a successful schematic presentation
design options
Building commissioning
What is the process of inspecting, testing, starting up & adjusting building systems, then verifying they operate as intended & meet design criteria?
0-1
What is the range of COF?
Plenum
What is the space above the ceiling called?
Gauge
What is the term describing the measurement of spacing in tufted carpet?
Pitch
What is the term describing the number of ends of surface yarn in a 27" width?
Clearance
What is the term for a gap or space designed to allow for the construction or installation of a material, construction element or piece of equipment?
Drop match
What is the term for placing next wallpaper lower to continue a pattern?
Tolerance
What is the term for the allowable variance from a given line, dimension or size?
Constraint
What is the term for the given condition within which a detail must perform & over which designer has little/no control?
Stitch
What is the term for the number of lengthwise tufts in 1 inch?
Detail
What is the term for the organization and connection of an assembly of several parts?
Electrochromic glazing
What is type of glazing that changes from opaque to clear with electric current?
36" x 36"
What is typical dimension of accessible shower stall with seat?
Molding
What is used for decorative trim?
Resilient channel
What is used to improve acoustical properties of a wall?
Sprinklers
What life safety item can designer most influence by coordinating with consultants?
Contingency
What line item is included in budget to account for unknown conditions?
Stainless steel
What metal would undergo LEAST amount of change in appearance over time?
Quarter slicing
What method of veneer cut results in straightest grain possible?
Expansion joints
What must be used around glass block walls to deflect floor structure?
Liquid sizing
What must be used on walls before wallpapering?
Tuck joint
What must be used when fabric wallcovering abuts other finishes?
FOB factory
What phrase means "buyer pays for loading goods onto truck/train & title is transferred from manufacturer to buyer at factory"?
or approved equal
What phrase should be used in a specification to allow contractor to propose a substitution, but require it to be approved by the interior designer?
Axial
What plan arrangement would be appropriate for entry, nave, altar & choir of church moving into an existing rectangle?
RCP
What plan is a view of the ceiling as though it were reflected onto a mirror on the floor?
Demolition
What plan shows which existing construction is to remain and to be removed?
STC & IIC
What ratings are the most important in evaluating the acoustic quality of a floor & ceiling assembly - STC (sound transmission coefficient), NRC (noise reduction coefficient), IIC (impact insulation class) or NC (noise class)?
1/4 or 1/8
What scale are construction plans usually drawn at?
Graphic
What scale should be used for drawings reproduced in magazine?
Allowance
What should a designer use when owner wants to include amount of money in bid for yet-know materials?
Scribe piece
What should be called out on cabinet drawings to ensure a good fit next to existing construction?
Stacking diagram
What shows best the department relationships in a company occupying a multi-story building?
Design concept
What specifies particular way to achieve programmatic concept?
Occupant load
What term describes the number of people that a building code assumes will occupy a given building or portion of a building?
Embodied energy
What term means "the energy required to extract, process, manufacture & transport an item"?
Crocking resistance
What test determines resistance of colored textile to transfer its color to other surfaces by rubbing?
Fade-Ometer
What test determines textile colorfastness under light exposure?
ANSI/BIFMA X5.1
What testing standard should be specified for durability of office chair construction (ANSI/BIFMA X5.1, ASTM D4157, CAL 133, NFPA 701)/
3/4"
What thickness are most commercial-grade cabinets?
Perspective grid
What tool should be used to quickly draw perspective?
A series of purchase orders with terms printed on back
What type of agreement would a designer be advised NOT to work under when doing a residential project? A letter of agreement; A series of purchase orders with terms printed on back; A standard form of AIA or ASID agreement; or A contract prepared by the designer's attorney.
High-density foam
What type of cushioning would be best for hospital waiting room?
Solid-core door
What type of door must be used in fire-rated area?
Cork
What type of flooring is an excellent absorber of sound?
Tempered
What type of glass is considered safety glass?
Tempered
What type of glass is produced by subjecting annealed (float) glass to special heat treatment?
Tempered glass
What type of glass must be used in full glass door?
Employee health
What type of insurance is LEAST necessary for a practicing interior designer? Employee health; Worker's compensation; General liability; or Automobile.
Errors & omissions
What type of insurance is an owner NOT required to carry?
MR-16
What type of lamp is best for jewelry case display?
Mortise lock
What type of locking devise is most appropriate for an office building?
Intumescent
What type of material expands upon exposure to heat & forms light fire-resistant seal?
Keynote
What type of note is used instead of a lengthy note next to an item it annotates?
Drop ship
What type of order allows for shipment to a different address than the PO?
Sheet vinyl
What type of resilient flooring would be best choice for a commercial kitchen?
Post tensioned
What type of slab CANNOT be penetrated for a stair opening?
Upright
What type of sprinkler head should be used for a decorative, open-grid, wood slat ceiling suspended from structural floor above - upright, pendent, sidewall or recessed?
All-air
What type of system would be best for an open office plan so heating & cooling for each workstation could be individually controlled - all-air, all-water, radiant panel or air-water?
Vertical ignition test
What type of test is required for window cover?
Paver
What type of tile dust-pressed tile over 6" (in US)?
Impervious
What type of tile has a water absorption rate of less than 0.5?
Nonvitreous
What type of tile has a water absorption rate of more than 7%?
Quarry
What type of tile is made by extrusion process from natural clay or shale?
Ceramic
What type of tile is made from clay & fired above red hot heat to produce specific physical qualities & characteristics?
Displacement
What type of ventilation originates its air supply at floor level and rises to return-air grilles in the ceiling?
Type II
What type of vinyl wallcovering is typically used for commerical spaces where there is moderate traffic?
Axminster
What type of woven carpet has most of pile yarn on the surface?
Wilton
What type of woven carpet is heavier & more expensive than most woven carpet?
N-grade
What veneer grade is made of heartwood or sapwood intended for a natural finish?
Acknowledgment
What will an interior designer receive after a manufacturer receives a PO?
Curtain
What window covering is made from fabric and generally not intended to be opened?
Plumbing
What would NOT be allowed in an access floor with removable panels - computer cable, plumbing, HVAC or electrical outlet?
Lintel
What would a structure above a small opening cut in a masonry loadbearing wall be supported by: beam, header, lintel or trimmer?
7 in riser, 10 in tread
What would be best combination for a stair serving a sleeping loft where space is a premium - 7 in riser, 10 in tread; 7 in riser, 11 in tread; 8 in riser, 10 in tread; or 8 in riser, 11 in tread?
Corporate identity package & capabilities brochure
What would be most appropriate type of marketing for a design firm just beginning business? Well-designed business stationary & quarterly newsletter; Direct-mail campaign to target client types; Advertising in local magazines where business is wanted; or Corporate identity package & capabilities brochure.
16 in OC
When advising a residential client on where to attach fasteners to support wall-hung bookshelves, the interior designer should recommend they be placed: 12 in OC, 16 in OC, 24 in OC or across double top plate?
Door swing & approach dimension
When considering initial space planning of an accessible toilet room, which design elements should be of most concern? Door swing & toilet position; Grab bar location & approach dimension; Stall depth & grab bar location; or Door swing & approach dimension
Specify power-assisted door opener
When doing design work for remodeling toilet rooms to make them accessible, designer finds that it is impossible to provide adequate clearance on one side of door. What is best course of action: Propose to client that wall be demolished & replanned to provide clearances; Apply to building department for variance; Specify power-assisted door opener; or Suggest that unisex toilet be built nearby that complies.
Radial
When more than one linear organization extends from a centralized point. Radial plans have a central focus but also extend outward to connect with other spaces or rooms
Occupancy group & location in building where finishes will be used
When selecting interior partition finishes to meet flame-spread standards, the most important considerations are: Occupancy group & location in building where finishes will be used; Whether or not building has an automatic sprinkler system and construction type; Whether or not partition is a fire barrier, and ratings of assemblies in partition; or hourly rating of partition on which finish will be installed & construction type.
Exit enclosures
Where are flame-spread ratings in buildings MOST restrictive?
Material Safety Data Sheet
Where can designer obtain unbiased information on hazards of a cleaning agent?
Schedule or specifications
Where is detailed information about furniture commonly found (furniture plan, furniture schedule, schedule or specifications, specs only)?
Power plan
Where is information about electrical outlets for portable lamps most likely to be found?
Poplar
Which agricultural product is NOT used in production of panel products? Bagasse; Poplar; Rice straw; or Wheat straw.
Partnership
Which business organization allows the most control by its founders? Sole proprietorship; Partnership; Professional corporation; or Subchapter S corporation.
Polyurethane
Which finish type should be specified for most durable wood finish?
An addendum is sent only to contractor requesting clarification
Which is FALSE statement about addenda? An addendum is sent only to contractor requesting clarification; Addenda are only issued before construction contract signed; Addenda are used to modify or interpret contract documents; or An addendum must be issued 4 or 5 days before bid opening.
Bid form
Which is NOT a part of the contract documents? Addenda; Bid form; Specifications; or Owner-Contractor Agreement?
Designing & detailing custom built-in furniture
Which is NOT an extra service? Designing & detailing custom built-in furniture; Arranging & paying for electrical engineering consultant; Designing signage for a project; or Making a detailed survey of existing space prior to design.
Air
Which is NOT one of the 3 conditions required to grow mold? Moisture; Nutrient; Air; or Temperature range from 40 to 100 degrees F.
Finished goods disposal
Which is NOT one of the 3 considerations for carpet sustainability? Raw-material use; Raw-material disposal; Finished goods disposal; or Indoor air quality.
Purchasing
Which is NOT one of the 4 main stages of a product's lifecycle? Raw-material acquisition; Manufacturing; Purchasing; Use & maintenance; or Disposal.
Corridor construction must be fire-rated
Which is an INCORRECT statement about corridors? Corridor construction must be fire-rated; Corridors are part of the exit access; Corridors must be used exclusively for egress; or Corridors are included in calculating travel distance.
Under some circumstances a closer is not needed
Which is an INCORRECT statement about fire-rated door assemblies? Either hinges or rated pivots may be used; Under some circumstances a closer is not needed; Labeling is required for both door & frame; Glass are is limited based on rating.
7 dB reduction of noise within room would be clearly noticeable
Which is the most accurate statement about sound - sound of 50dB is twice as loud as a sound of 25dB, desirable goal of acoustic design is to eliminate all background noise, 7 dB reduction of noise within room would be clearly noticeable or good acoustic material absorbs all frequencies equally?
Specifications
Which is the most legally binding (drawings, specifications, schedules or all)?
Reject work that does not meet requirements of drawings
Which of following is interior designer prohibited from doing under terms of the General Conditions of the Contract for FF&E? Prepare change orders & authorize minor changes in work; Determine date of substantial completion; Reject work that does not meet requirements of drawings; or Demand that a special inspection be made to determine if work conforms to specifications.
Conducting a post-occupancy evaluation
Which of the following is LEAST effective for maximizing indoor air quality? Conducting a post-occupancy evaluation; Developing maintenance manual; Planning separate rooms for large copiers; or Specifying materials with low VOCs.
Suggestions on how the client's next project can be improved
Which of the following is NOT a typical part of the post-occupancy evaluation? Review of the HVAC system; Interviews with representative users of the project; A check on maintenance problems; or Suggestions on how the client's next project can be improved.
General contractor
Which of the following is NOT generally considered a trade source? Artisan; General contractor; Manufacturer's representative; or Furniture showroom.
To improve noise reduction, designer should place absorptive materials on both sides of wall
Which of the following is NOT true about noise reduction between 2 rooms - Noise reduction increases with an increase in transmission loss of wall separating the 2 rooms; The stiffness of the wall can effect noise reduction; To improve noise reduction, designer should place absorptive materials on both sides of wall; An increase in wall area separating 2 rooms is detrimental.
Telephone calls
Which of the following items, made in connection with the project, is a reimbursable expense? Health insurance; In-house copying costs; Telephone calls; or Charges for having a model built for office design work.
Metal-halide
Which of the following sources would be most appropriate for the warehouse portion of a large furniture dealership - high-pressure sodium, cool-white deluxe fluorescent, metal-halide or mercury-vapor?
General Conditions of the contract
Which standard form includes contract information about owner's right to perform work separate from the main construction contract? Instructions to bidders: Owner-Contractor Agreement; General Conditions of the contract; or Supplementary Conditions of the contract.
ASTM E119
Which test gives most accurate evaluation of the safety of a partition system? ASTM E84; Steiner tunnel test; Room corner test or ASTM E119
Methenamine pill test
Which test is most frequently used to evaluate carpet in the US? Flooring radiant panel test; Steiner tunnel test; Methenamine pill test; or Methods of fire tests of building construction & materials.
Fixed fee
Which type of fee is most often disadvantageous to the interior designer? Hourly rate; Multiple of direct personnel expense; Fixed fee; or Retail method
Wall hung
Which type of sink is best for barrier-free design? Vanity; Pedestal; Wall hung; or Free standing.
Flat plate concrete
Which type of structural system could small ductwork most easily be placed within - beam&girder steel, flat plate concrete, open-web steel joists or twin T concrete?
Parquet
Which type of wood flooring could be installed easily & least expensively in a residential living room?
Tint
White added to a color.
Mechanical engineer
Who determines thermostat locations?
Mechanical engineer
Who is LEAST involved in the selection of an underfloor raceway system?
Client
Who is responsible for all accounting, insurance and legal advice for a project?
Electrical engineer
Who is responsible for final design of lighting & switching in a commercial design project?
Contractor
Who is responsible for submitting documents to the local building department?
Interior designer
Who is responsible for verifying that recessed downlights do not interfere with ductwork shown on the mechanical plans?
Contractor
Who is responsible if a construction worker falls & is injured at a partially completed low partition constructed according to interior designer's drawings? Interior designer; Contractor; Sub-contractor; or Worker.
General Contractor
Who must check dimensions on shop drawings?
Owner
Who should designer coordinate with to verify requirement for particular lighting fixtures before preparing construction documents?
Structural engineer
Who should interior designer consult with to determine where to put stacks in libraries?
Interior designer & mechanical engineer
Who shows locations of return air grilles on their drawings?
Owner's
Whose insurance will cover a loss if a shipment of furniture is vandalized in a storage area at the job site? Interior designer's; Owner's; Contractor's; or Furniture dealer's.
Not enough space above ceiling
Why are most surface-mounted luminaires used - some side & uplighting desired, not enough space above ceiling, they are easier & less expensive to install, or they are used as a design feature?
Post-industrial materials
Wood chips & sawdust made into panel products are examples of: Post-consumer materials; Post-industrial materials; Recycled materials; or Renewable products.
Finish Carpentry
Woodwork that is done on the job site. Wood base, door trim, wall moldings, etc.
3-36" doors remotely located
Working under the IBC, a designer has calculated that a total exit width of 8 ft is required from a store. What combination of door widths would meet most exiting requirements? 1-36" door remotely located from a pair of 34" doors; A pair of 32" doors remotely located from 1-38" door; 3-36" doors remotely located; or 3-34" doors remotely located.
Detectable warnings
detectable warning surfaces are required on walking surfaces in front of stairs, hazardous vehicle areas and other places where a hazard may exist without a guardrail or other method of warning someone. Such textures must contrast with the surrounding surface. Door handles must be textured if the door leads to an area that might prove dangerous to a blind person (ie. doors to loading platforms, boiler rooms, stages)
Independent commissioning team
The building commissioning of an interior design project seeking LEED credit is the responsibility of: Architect; Independent commissioning team; Interior designer; or Mechanical engineer.
What is the MOST important criterion to consider in selecting a specialized consultant to work as part of an effective design team?
The consultant's professional qualifications
Field Surveys
determines the following: size and configuration of building or space to be used, existing built-ins, nonbearing walls, locations and sizes of doors and windows and outlets, diffusers, plumbing fixtures, lighting. Types and hights of ceilings, conditions of MEP systems and construction elements, location of true north, potential noise problems, potential environmental problems (asbestos, lead)
During the schematic design phase, the design firm will:
develop preliminary furntiure plans
Owner
The final responsibility of awarding a contract rests with the: Interior designer; Construction manager; Owner; or Owner's legal counsel.
Building expansion
The interior designer can design details to accommodate building movement caused by all of the following EXCEPT - building expansion, floor deflection, seismic events or wind sway?
General contractor
The last person to see the mechanical shop drawings before they are returned to the mechanical subcontractor should be: Mechanical engineer; Architect; Interior designer; or General contractor?
Local governments
The majority of building codes in the US are established by: Federal laws; Model code writing agencies; State governments; or Local governments.
Occupancy group
The minimum number of toilet fixtures required for an interior designer remodeling is determined by occupant load and: Accessibility requirements; Building type; Occupancy group; or Square footage.
Tell owner that a working agreement could be discussed only if architect were no longer working on the job
The owner of a restaurant calls an interior designer & says she would like to hire the designer to complete a project because she is unhappy with the work the architect is doing. What should be the designer's first response? Decline the offer & tell the owner the architect must complete the project; Tell owner that a working agreement could be discussed only if architect were no longer working on the job; Suggest that the designer & architect work together to complete the project to the owner's satisfaction; or Tell the owner that design work could begin while waiting for a letter from the owner stating that all contractual relationships with the architect have been severed.
Instructions to bidders
The requirements for how bidders should propose a substitution is found in the: Advertisement to bid; Bidding Procedures; Instructions to bidders; or General conditions.
Uniform Commercial Code
The risk for furniture being damaged during shipment is assigned by: FF&E General Conditions; Owner-Designer Agreement; Owner-Vendor Agreement; or Uniform Commercial Code.
Gross Area
The sum of the new area and the ancillary areas
1/2"
Thresholds at doorways cannot exceed what height & be beveled so no slope is greater than 1:2.
Labor & material payment bond
To avoid liens against project, interior designer should suggest that owner require the contractor to submit a: Bid bond; Bid security; Performance bond; or Labor & material payment bond.
Signatures
To be legally valid, the contract needs to be signed only by the client, the person accepting the offer of the contract. However, it is better if both designer and client sign the agreement and date it.
Evaporation
To decrease feeling of heat, designer could most easily improve situation by suggestion accessory that affects what?
Heavy-duty, silent door closer
To detail a doorframe for a conference room where privacy is critical, which of the following is LEAST likely to be used - Automatic door bottom; Heavy-duty, silent door closer; neoprene gasketing; or solid-core door?
What is the most important reason for obtaining formal client approval during the schematic phase of a project
To identify and invoice for extra services required by client-driven scope changes
Why is observation of a clients existing building systems necessary when you are developing a program for the clients new facility?
To identify infrastructure requirements
Personal Space
a concept closely related to territoriality, proposed by anthropologist Edward Hall.
Accessible Routes
a continuous, unobstructed path connecting all accessible elements and spaces in a building or facility. Designed primarily to accommodate a person using a wheelchair. Minimum clear with= 36" continuously and 32" at doorway (passage). Passage (doorway) can not be more than 24". Minimum passage width for two wheelchairs= 60" if accessible route is less than 60" wide, then passing spaces (60" x 60") must be provided at intervals not to exceed 200ft. Minimum clear floor space for stationary wheelchair= 30" x 48". Accessible route may have a slope up to 1:20, any greater= ramp
Basic elements of a contract
a contract is a bargain between 2 or more parties who agree to exchange something each desires to obtain. In a legal sense, there are 2 parts of a contract: 1) an offer by a party 2) an acceptance by the other party. Every contact (written or oral) must have both of these to be valid.
Sections
a drawing showing what a part of the construction would look like if you were to cut straight through it. Very useful for showing the relationships between materials. A section cut is perpendicular to the plane of construction that will be exposed.
Fixed Fee
a fixed sum of money that the client will pay to designer for specific set of services (usually monthly). Designer must accurately estimate all costs and allow for a profit. Fee must include salary costs of employees, customary benefits of employees, taxes and office overhead. Reimbursable expenses are in addition to fees for basic services. to be profitable, the scope of services must be carefully itemized in contract along with services that are not included
Flush
a flat, smooth surfaced paneling with the edges butted together or jointed with a reveal or batten strip
Territoriality
a fundamental aspect of human behavior and refers to the need to lay claim to the spaces we occupy and the things we own. In humans it relates to the need for self-identity and freedom of choice
Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)
a law one must be familiar with if you are selling furniture and accessories to clients rather than just specifying them. The law governs the sale of goods, defined as tangible and movable items. Covers sales contracts, product liability, warranties, ownership and risk.
Prebid Conference
a meeting with the designer, owner, architect, consultants and bidders during which the bidders ask questions and the designer and owner can emphasize particularly important conditions of the project
Behavior setting
a particular place with definable boundaries and objects in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time (ex. weekly board mtg. in a conference room)
Modulor
a proportioning system developed by Le Corbusier. Uses the human body as the starting point.
Alternates
a request included in the bidding documents asking the contractor to supply a price for some type of variation from the base bid. Allow the owner some flexibility in modifying the cost of a project when the bids are submitted by varying the quantity or quality of protions of the job. add- add to the base bid deduct- reduce the base amount
Bid forms
a standard for on which all the bidders enter the required information to ensure that all bids will be identical in format, making it easier to compare and evaluate them. Bid forms must be signed by someone legally empowered to bind the contractor to the owner in a contract
Performance Bond
a statement by a surety company that obligates the surety company to complete construction of the project should the contractor default on his or her obligations. The surety company may complete construction by hiring another contractor, or it may simply supply additionsl money to the defaulting contractor to allow construction to proceed. Usually mandatory on public work. Ultimately paid by the owner because it is included in the total amount of the contract price.
Program Format
a statement of goals and objectives, a list of client requirements (# of people, activities, needs), a list of spaces and their square footages
amt of ventilation required depends on
activity in the room, size of the room, whether people smoke in the room
ADA Bathtubs/Showers
an in-tub seat or a seat at the head of the tub must be provided. Bathtub (if an enclosure is provided) it cannot obstruct the controls or transfer from wheelchair to seat or into tub. Enclosure tracks cannot be mounted on the rim of the tub. Shower and bathtub grab bars must be provided and mounted between 33-36" AFF
Running Trim
an item of continuing length. Baseboards, chair-rail, cornice. Fabricated in millshop
Standing Trim
an item of fixed length that can be installed with a single length of wood. A door or window casing. Fabricated in millshop
FF&E Contracts
are goverened by statutory law that regulates the sale of goods
Construction Contracts
are governed by common law that regulates services
Schemaic design phase, material selections:
are presented to clients on formal sample boards
Human Comfort
based on the quality of the following primary environmental factors: temperature, humidity, air movement, temperature radiation to/from surrounding surfaces, air quality, sound, vibration, light.
Pure Performance Specification
Type of performance spec. A statement setting criteria and results required of the item being specified. The results can be varified by measurement, tests, or other types of evaluation. The means of achieving the required results are not specified. Difficult to write because the specifier must know all the criteria, state the methods for testing compliance and write an unambiguous document. Rarely used.
Descriptive Specification
Type of performance spec. Gives detailed written requirements for the material or product and the workmanship required for its fabrication and installation. Does not mention trade names. Can be very difficult to write.
Gradation
Type of rhythm where size, color or value are gradually modified.
Owner
Under AIA A275/ID, who has responsibility to the inspect & accept furniture upon delivery to job site?
Change Order
based on written agreement among the owner, contractor, and designer concerning the extent of the change and its costs and schedule implications. Is always required whenever there is a modification of contract cost or time, and it must be signed by all parties owner, contractor and designer.
Schematic design should not:
be apart of the programming and planning phase
Provisions for arbitration
because disputes othen arise, arbitration is often more desirable than taking disagreements to court because it is generally faster and less costly.
Design development, specification production, shop drawing review & final punch list
Under the Standard Form of Agreement, which activities are included in an interior designer's services? Post-occupancy evaluation; Financial feasibility study; Furniture acceptance; or Design development, specification production, shop drawing review & final punch list
Whenever contractor asks for such evidence
Under what circumstances does owner have to provide contractor with evidence of owner
Master Format System
developed by the Construction Specifications Institute to standardize numbering and format. Based on 16 broad divisions that represent major categories of work. Hierarchical system. Part 1- (general) general requirements for the section, scope of section, submittals required, warranties, project conditions, specs for delivery, storage and handling of materials. Part 2- (products) details the specs for the materials and products themselves, including acceptable manufacturers, what standards and test methods the materials must conform to, how items are to be fabricated. Part 3- (execution) tells how the products and materials are to be installed applied, or otherwise put into place. This part also describes the examination and preparation required before installation, how quality control should be maintained in the field and the requirements for the adjusting, cleaning and protection of the finished work.
Matte/Rough textures
diffuse and absorb light
Tell contractor to request approval in writing
What action should interior designer take if contractor asks if he can price a type of ceiling tile that was not listed in specifications? Advise contractor to submit backup proof that tile is equal to specified; Refer contractor to owner; Tell contractor to request approval in writing; or Issue addendum stating that since one contractor asked permission to price alternate, all contractor may do this.
Visual alarms & audible alarms
What are most important design elements to incorporate into a hotel, to provide safe egress for physically disabled people? Visual alarms; Audible alarms; Flashing smoke detectors; Large emergency lettering; or Tactile signs.
Corridor
What area would need to have the carpet tested using the flooring radiant panel test?
Flow chart
What best illustrates adjacency requirements for physical movement of goods?
Reverberation
What can be controlled by modifying the amount of absorptive or reflective finishes in a space?
Card reader
What can interior designer suggest to a client requesting special security protection for files at a reasonable cost - card reader, photoelectric beams, magnetic contacts or electronic shielding?
Number of exits & distance to exits
What code information does designer need first to begin space planning?
Monochromatic
What color scheme employs one hue with variations only in intensity and value?
Complementary
What color scheme places hues on opposite side of color wheel?
Triad
What color scheme uses 3 colors equally spaced on color wheel?
Analogous
What color scheme uses hues that are close to each other on color wheel?
8 surface yarns per inch
What dimension is a 216 pitch carpet?
RCP
What document best shows the full extent of a slab-to-slab partition on a project?
Sales agreement
What document does client sign before purchase orders are initiated?
Building permit
What document is issued once all requirements are met and before construction begins?
Purchase order
What document is used to approve the release of funds for furnishing a project? Application for payment; Certificate of payment; Purchase order; or Bill of lading.
Line chart
What document lists the manufacturers and/or products that a rep handles?
Acknowledgment
What document provides designer with verification that an item was ordered correctly?
Carpet & Rug Institute Indoor Air Quality
What does CRI IAQ stand for?
Life-cycle assessment
What does LCA stand for?
Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design
What does LEED stand for?
Carpet
What does Pill test flammability of?
Movement
What does a slip joint at the top of a partition account for?
Column
What does the symbol that looks like an "H" indicate on a floor plan?
1/8 gauge
What equals 8 surface yarns per inch?
Wool/nylon blend
What fabric would have best appearance for longest time in theater seating?
Net area
What gives the initial determination of area required for client's program?
Dimensions of building
What has most influence over planning dining room in restaurant in old building.
42-45" AFF
What height should outlets above a counter be placed?
1-1/2 hr
What hourly rated door should be used in 2-hr rated stairway enclosure?
Dedicated outlets
What information would interior designer most likely put on ID power plan - switch locations, dedicated outlets, conduit sizing or speaker locations?
Pill Test
What is ASTM D2859 also known as?
Prang
What is Brewster Color Wheel as knowns as?
Rayon
What is LEAST desirable fabric for sunroom sofa?
Medium-density fiberboard
What is MDF?
Wood blocking
What is NOT allowed in a return-air plenum - fire dampers, electrical cable, water supply pipes or wood blocking?
Adhesives
What is NOT an effective tool for controlling moisture when detailing the area around a pool?
Safety glazing
What is NOT required in sidelites where sill is greater than 18" AFF?
Torchere
What is a freestanding light that directs most output to the ceiling?
Punch list
What is a list of items made by an interior designer as a result of the first inspection called?
Taxed at individual rates
What is a potential disadvantage of the partnership form?
Integrated ceiling
What is a suspended ceiling system specifically designed to accommodate acoustical ceiling tile, light fixtures, fire sprinklers, etc.?
Brass
What is an alloy of copper & zinc?
Bronze
What is an alloy of copper containing 2% or more tin?
Stainless steel
What is an alloy of steel containing 12% or more chromium?
Channeling
What is best way to avoid fabric slippage over cushion?
Site plan
What is drawing that shows top view of building & surroundings?
Stucco
What is exterior type of plaster made with portland cement?
NFPA 80
What is flammability test for doors & windows?
Masonry
What is general term that includes brick, concrete block, glass block structural clay tile, terra-cotta and gypsum block?
Distance from finish floor slab to finish floor slab
What is included in the rise of a stair? Vertical distance from one nosing to the next; Average height of a step; Distance from finish floor slab to finish floor slab; or Number of steps between landings.
Certificate of Occupancy
What is issued after a final inspection has been successfully completed?
Screen glare
What is least important factor in designing computer workstation?
Linoleum
What is made from natural, renewable products including linseed oil, rosin, cork powder & pigments?
44"
What is minimum corridor exit access width?
Quantity takeoff
What is most accurate method of estimating project costs?
Reverberation
What is most affected by changing ceiling from gypsum wallboard to acoustical tile?
Opening can be framed, but structural engineer needed
What is most appropriate advice an interior designer can give to a residential client who wants to remove 8 ft section of a loadbearing wall in a one-story house - Opening can be framed, but structural engineer needed; An architect will need to be retained; Opening can be framed with a header; or Opening cannot be made as it is a load-bearing wall?
Specify high-reflectance paint
What is most effective design strategy a designer can use to maximize lighting?
Double-loaded corridor
What is most efficient type of circulation system?
Wool
What is most naturally fire-resistant untreated fabric?
Book match
What is most pleasing result when specifying method 2 veneer pieces should be applied?
Steiner tunnel test
What is name of the test used for wall covering?
24" OC
What is normal commercial construction metal stud spacing?
16" OC
What is normal residential construction metal stud spacing?
Carpet
What is not considered FF&E?
Veiling reflection
What is one of the most frequent lighting problems in traditional drafting rooms - veiling reflection, direct glare, visual comfort or excessive brightness ration?
Smoke control
What is one of the most important aspects of fire protection?
Flammability
What is one of the most important considerations when selecting fabric for drapery?
Lack of communication
What is one of the primary sources of ethical & business problems during design & construction?
Nylon 6
What is one type of nylon fiber that can be easily recycled?
Sound transmission
What is primarily reduced by the mass of the partition?
Panic hardware
What is required by building code for safe egress by large number of people?
GFI
What is required by the National Electrical Code in outdoor outlets, bathrooms, basements and kitchens?
Closures
What is required on fire-rated doors?
Tempered
What is safest type of glazing to use in sidelight adjacent to door?
Commercial laundry workroom
What is situation where number of people occupying a space is NOT critical to programming?
A-grade
What is smooth & paintable veneer grade?
NFPA 80
What is standard test for fire doors & windows?
Poor ventilation
What is the 4th basic cause of poor indoor air quality? 1-Chemical contaminants from indoor sources; 2-Chemical contaminants fro outdoor sources; 3-Biological contaminants; & 4- .
Organizing the layout of the construction drawings
What is the LEAST important part of a project manager's job? Planning job tasks for the project staff on a weekly basis; Organizing the layout of the construction drawings; Keeping notes on daily decisions & meetings; Staying current with the client's opinion of the progress of the project.
Design intent
What is the approach an owner and designer decide to take to satisfy program requirements?
Oil canning
What is the condition called when large, flat, highly polished surface tends to show variations in flatness?
Register
What is the device that controls the volume of air & its distribution in an HVAC system - convector, grille, register or duct?
Galvanic action
What is the electrochemical process that occurs when dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of an electrolyte, such as water?
D-grade
What is the lowest veneer grade?
15 ft
What is the maximum water spread for each sprinkler head?
Coefficient of friction
What is the measurement of degree of slip resistance of floor surface?
.8
What is the minimum COF recommended for ADA ramps?
.6
What is the minimum COF recommended for level ADA flooring?
0.5
What is the minimum level of COF using the James Machine in ASTM D2047?
1/32"
What is the minimum required dimension for raised Braille lettering from surface?
Color rendering index
What is the most important criterion for lighting a fabric showroom - visual comfort probability, color rendering index, coefficient of utilization, or apparent color temperature rating?
Green Seal
What is the name of the independent nonprofit organization that develops environmental standards for products?
Greenguard Environmental Institute
What is the name of the nonprofit industry-independent organization that oversees the Greenguard Certification Program?
Jalousie
What is the name of window that consists of individual horizontal pieces of glass?
Net Area
does not include general circulation space, closets, etc.
Shop Drawings
drawings, diagrams, schedules and other data prepared to show how a subcontractor or supplier proposes to supply and install work to conform to requirements of contract documents
Diagonal lines
dynamic, represent movement
Balance
the arrangement of elements in a composition to achieve visual equilibrium. Depends on the idea of visual weight. Depends on both object (weight) and placement
Hue
the basic color
Form
the basic shape and configuration of an object or space. Generated with lines, planes, volumes and points
Hourly rate
the client is charged for the actual amount of time that the designer spends on the project.
General Overhead
the cost of running a contracting business and includes such things as office rent, secretarial help, utilities, etc.
Value
the degree of lightness or darkness in relation to black and white
Intensity (chroma)
the degree of purity when compared with a neutral gray of the same value
Retail Method
the designer produces their compensation by acting as a reseller of goods: buying furniture, fixtures and other items at a trade discount and then reselling to client at retail price. The difference in price covers the designer's cost of doing business, delivery and installation charges, overhead and profit. Generally this method is discouraged as a method of charging professional services.
Ownership of documents
the designer retains the rights of ownership to the documents and that they are only used to complete the specific project for which they were developed. Client may not reuse the documents to build other job without permission of and adequate compensation to the designer. Copyright notice often placed on drawings.
Multiple of direct personnel expense
the direct hourly salary of employees is determined and multiplied by a factor to account for normal personnel expenses (taxes, sick leave, health care, etc) This hourly amount is then increased by a multiplier (2.75-3.00) that includes provisions for overhead and profit
Bid Contract
the drawings and specifications are completed by the designer and then sent to several general contractors who bid on the work defined by the contract documents. The owner then selects a contractor based on cost, experience, schedule and other criteria. Competitive bidding usually resutls in lowest cost.
Parties to the contract and date
the full legal name of both parties must be clearly stated along with their addresses and the date of the contract. You must be sure that the person signing the contract had the legal authority to do so.
Details
the manner in which an assembly of several parts is organized and connected. Shows complex information, they are usually large scale drawings of sections cut through a portion of construction.
Anthropometrics
the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body. Based on this, there is a large body of knowledge about the min. or optimum dims. required for the average human to perform common activities.
Project Overhead
the money it takes to complete a specific job, not including labor, materials or equipment. ex- temparory offices, project telephones, trash removal, insurance, permits.
Construction costs
the moneys required to build or remodel the interior including such things as demolition, partitions, ceilings, millwork funishes and plumbing, electrical and mechanical work. Generally anything that is attached to and becomes part of the structure
Unit prices
set costs for certain protions of the work based on individual quantities such as linear feet or square yards of installed material. listed on bid form
Contingencies
should always be added to the budget to account for unforeseen change requests by the client and other conditions that will add to the total cost of the job. Normally 5 to 10% of the total budget
Reflected Ceiling Plans
show a view of the ceiling as though it were reflected in a mirror on the floor
Demolition Plans
show existing construction that is to remain and that which is to be removed
Multiple of direct salary expense
similar method as above except the multiplier is larger in order to provide for employee benefits as well as overhead and profit based on direct hourly wage. Hourly method is favored by designer because for every actual hour spent on a project they are assured of covering expenses and making a profit. Also protects designer when client keeps changing their mind or otherwise delays the completion of the job. Some clients do not like the open-ended nature of hourly system, so an hourly rate with maximu, amount set is an option. "Hourly, not to exceed"
Guide Specification
similar to master spec. except they are not as complete. They simply assist the spec writer in organizing the information and showing what decisions need to be made and where things should be placed in the correct location in the document.
Linear Dumbbell
simplest and one of the most flexible. Spaces are laid out along a straight path that connects 2 major elements at the ends
AIA/ASID agreement
specifically states that no fixed limit of project cost be estabilished as a condition of the agreement unless agreed to in writting by both parties. In this case ONLY, if the lowest bid exceeds that limit, is the designer obligated to modity the drawings and specs at no additional charge to reduce the project cost
Contract Sum
states the compensation the contractor will receive for doing the work
Stating the Problem in Programming
statments agreed upon by client and programmer are the basis for design and as the criteria by which the solution can be evaluated. There should be a min, of 4 problem statements that address Form, Function, Economy and Time.
Vertical lines
strength, equilibrium, permanence, upward movement
3 types of balance
symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial
Air Movement
tends to increase evaporation and heat loss through convection. Wind speeds of 50 to 200 ft per min. are acceptable for cooling without causing annoying drafts.
Harmony in a composition
the agreement of the parts to each other and to the whole. It includes the opposing concepts of unity/variety and rhythm/emphasis
F.O.B. Factory- Freight Prepaid
means the FF&E contractor owns the furniture but the manufacturer pays the shipping charges
F.O.B. Destination
means the manufacturer is responsible for shipping and for recovering any damage or loss during shipment
F.O.B. (Free on Board)
means the manufacturer pays for loading the goods onto the truck or train.
Responsiblities of the client
most projects require the client perform certain actions or provide necessary information for job to be completed: buying and arranging for moving of client-supplied equipment, arranging for space to receive furniture delivered to the job site, providing as-built drawings, timely completion of any action by the client that is required to maintain the schedule
ADA Lavatories
must allow someone in a wheel chair to move under the sink and easily use basin and water controls (must be operable with one hand). Pipes must be insulated or otherwise protected. Mirrors must be mounted with bottom edge of reflecting surface at 40" max. AFF
Visual Alarm
must be flashing lights that have a flashing frequency of about one cycle per second
ADA Urinals
must be of the stall type or wall hung with an elongated rim at a max. ht. of 17" AFF. Clear floor space in front= 30" x 48"
ADA Floor surfaces
must be stable, firm and slip-resistant. Carpet- max. pile height of 1/2". For changes in levels of 1/4" or less (transition can be vertical and no edge treatment required). 1/4" to 1/2" (transition must be beveled with slope no greater than 1:2). 1/2" + (transition required ramp).
Owner's Responsibilities
must furnish full info reguarding requirements of the project, including a budget with contingencies, must furnish all legal, accounting and insurance counseling services and any required lab tests, inspections and reports required by contract documents, must provide suitable space for receipt, inspection and storage of materials and equipment used on the job. responsible for removal or relocation of existing facilities, furniture and equipment, u.n.o. Must designate, when necessary, a representative who has the authority to act in the owner's behalf, must render decisions in a timely manner to avoid delaying the job, if designer is purchasing furniture and equipment for the job, owner must maintain working funds to use for such purchases.
Operating devices
must have easy to grasp shape (no standard doorknobs)
Permanent identification signs
must have eggshell matte or other non-glare finish with characters and symbols contrasting with their background. Must be mounted on wall adjacent to LATCH side of door and must be approchable to within 3" without encountering protruding objects or standing within door swing. Mounting height to certerline of sign= 60". When there is no wall space on latch side of door, the sign must be placed on the nearest adjacent wall.
Directional Signs
must have lettering at least 3" high with a width-to-height ration between 3:5 and 1:1. Contrast and finish requirements are the same as permanent rm. identification signs.
Doorways
must have min, clear opening with of 32" max. depth of 24" (when open width is 32")
Opening force
must not exceed 5lbs per ft.
Audible Alarm
must produce a sound that exceeds the prevailing sound level in the room by at least 15 decibels
Designer is NOT responsible for
neglect or malfeasance of any of any of the contractor of suppliers to meet their schedules or perform their contractual requirements. Required to make exhaustive or continual inspections, the means, methods, techniques, sequences or procedures of construction. Fabrication, procurement, shipment, deliver or installation of construction or furnishings. Job site safety or for acts or omissions of the contractors, subcontractors or suppliers. Accuracy and completeness of dimensions, details, quantities and other aspects of the shop drawings. Receipt, inspection, and acceptance on behalf of owner of FF&E at time of delivery and installation. Designer is NOT authorized to stop the work, reject nonconforming work or terminate the work on behalf of the owner. Designer can recommend to the owner that nonconforming work be rejected.
Evaporation
occurs when moisture changes to vapor as a person perspires or breathes
Profit
one of the most highly variable parts of a budget. Typically ranges from 5 to 15% of the total cost of the job. Depends on the type, size of job, amount of risk involved, general market conditions, whether the job is being bid on or negotiated and how much money the contractor wants to make
Observation
one of the most reliable ways to gather info but don't assume anything. It is best used to verify info from interviews or questionaires.
Circulation patterns
one of the primary ways of organizing a room, an open space, or an entire project. They are vital to the efficient organization of space and provide people with their strongest orientation with in an environment.
Monochromatic
only one hue with variations in intensity and value
Radial Layout
oriented on one major space with paths extending from this central area. Generally used when there is a major space that serves as the focal point for secondary spaces
Instructions to bidders
outline the procedures and requirements that the bidders must follow in submitting bids, how the bids will be considered, and submittals required of the successful bidder. -bidder's representaion (they understand the scope) -bidding documents -substitutions -bidding procedures -consideration of bids -bonds
Demising wall
partitions separating adjacent tenant spaces
Adjacency Needs
people, products and information
samples
physical examples of a portion of work intended to show exactly how a material, finish or piece of equipment will look in completed job
Exit Discharge
portion of egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way
what exhibits should you have ready to discuss with your client when preparing for a design development presentation?
preliminary floor plan, reflected ceiling plan, proposed construction materials, andy typical furniture locations
Master Specification
prewritten specifications that cover nearly all types of products, methods of installation and other variables that relate to a specific product or construction activity.
Percentage of project cost
professional fee is determined based on total cost of project. most appropriate for projects where designer can accurately anticipate the amount of work required and had good idea of the expected cost of the project. NOT appropriate for economical or low-cost project that may require as much or more work than expensive project. From client's standpoint, designer may be encouraged to increase cost of project to increase the fee; or may lose incentive to reduce construction and furnishings costs
Contract Carriers
provide service only to certain companies they choose to do business with
Additional Services
providing site evaluations or comparative studies of prospective sites, providing services for future facilities not intended to be completed during CA phase, investigation of existing conditions or development of meausred drawings, services for tenant or rental spaces, making revisions to drawings and specs after approval and preparation of construction drawings, making inventories, surveys or detailed appraisals of existing facilities or furniture, providing services made necessary by default or contractor, supplier or owner, providing services relating to work or contractor after issuance to owner of final certificate for payment, preparing to or serving as an expert witness, providing services of consultants for structural, or MEP, purchasing furniture, furnishings or equipment with funds provided by owner (this is sometimes provided as basic service), providing services for design/selection of graphics and signage, providing services for procurement of art.
Labor and Material payment bonds
quarantees payment for labor and materials by a defaulting contractor (A performance bond does NOT). Usually required along with a performance bond to protect the owner against both types of problems
Primary colors of light
red, green, blue
Primary colors of pigments
red, yellow, blue
Smooth/Glossy textures
reflect light, create glare and show imperfections
Curved lines
relate more to the material world and human body
Economy
relates to money, budgets
Form
relates to the existing conditions, the physical and psychological environment of the interior and quality of construction
Function
relates to the people and activities to be performed in the spaces and their relationships
Existing Conditions
relationship to surrounding areas, size of existing space, views, special features (atriums, architectural features), structural considerations, plumbing
Ventilation
required to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, odors and to carry away contaminants
Scoping Provisions
requirements that dictate how many accessible elements must be provided
Horizontal lines
restful, stable, related to the plane of earth
Scope of work and designer's responsibilities
scope of work describes th exact amount of work the designer promises to do (including actual area of work and detailed description of services). Scope of work may be divided into common phases such as schematic design, design development and construction and each phase subdivided in more detail. it is also acceptable to itemize those services that are specifically NOT going to be provided.
Evaluation and awarding of the bid
the owner had the right to reject any or all bids, to reject bids not accompanied by the required bid bond or other documentation, and to reject a bid that is in any way incomplete or irregular. If all the bids exceed the project budget and the owner-designer agreement fixes a limit on construction costs, the owner has 4 options. 1) to rebid 2) to authorize an increase in the construction cost and proceed with the project 3) to work with the designer in revising the scope ot the project to reduce costs 4) to abandon the project
If lowest bid exceeds project budget
the owner has 4 options: 1) the owner can give written approval of an increase in the budget 2) the owner can authorize rebidding or renegotiating or project 3) the owner can abandon the project 4) if a fixed limit of project cost, the owner can have designer modify drawings and specs without charge to reduce project cost 4b) owner may also work with designer to reduce scope of project (for a charge)
Negotiated contract
the owner selects a contractor to do the work and then has the contractor look at drawings and work up a price quote
Relative Humidity
the percentage of moisture in the air compared with the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature without condensing. Comfortable ranges are between 30% and 65%
Time
the period from the starting date established in the agreement to the time of substantial completion. It may be extended by change order if delays occur beyond the contractor's control.
Actual texture
the physical quality that can be sensed by touch
Air temperature
the primary determinant of comfort. General comfortable range is between 69 degrees F and 80 degrees F
Space Planning
the process used to translate progammatic needs into a physical plan of the space by organizing major rooms and area, determining circulation systems, and laying out furniture
Prequalification of bidders
the purpose is to select only those contractors who meet certain standards of reliability, experience, financial stability and performance
Proportion
the relationship between one part of an object or composition and another part and to the whole, or between one element and another. Similar to scale, but it is NOT dependent on the relationship of one element to another of known size.
Proportion
the relationship between parts of a composition to each other and to the whole
Scale
the relative size of something in relation to another element of known size (ie. human)
Entire floor is rented
the rentable area includes all the space taken by the public corridors, elevator lobby and restrooms on that floor
Portion of a floor rentable
the rentable area is measured from the inside glass surface of exterior walls to the finished surface of the tenant side if the public corridor and from the centerlines of partitions separating tenatnt spaces.
Rhythm
the repetition of elements in a regular pattern
Rentable Area
the sq. ft. that is used as the basis for leasing office and retail space
Substantial Completion
the stage in the progress of the work when the work, or a designated portion, is sufficiently complete according to the contract documents so the owner can occupy or utilize the site through a few minor items may remain to be completed or corrected
Ergonomics
the study of the relation between human physiology and the physical environment. Uses the information from anthropometrics, but it goes further by studying exactly how humans interact with the physical world. One of the most important factors- adjust ability
Texture
the surface quality of a material (actual or visual)
F.O.B. Factory
the tile is transferred at the factory, the buyer pays the transportation costs and the manufacturer is not responsible for loss or damage during shipping
project cost
the total cost or estimated cost to owner of all components of the project, including: items designed or specified by designer, labor and materials, furniture and equipment, resonable allowance for contractor's overhead and profit, costs of managing or supervising construction and installation. DO NOT include: professional fees of designer or consultants, financing costs, other costs that are responsibility of owner.
Radiation
the transfer of heat energy thru electromagnetic waves from one surface to a colder surface. If the surrounding are colder than the surface temperature of the skin, the body loses heat. If the surfaces are warmer, the body gains heat.
Convection
the transfer of heat thru the movement of a fluid, either a gas or liquid
Common Carriers
those who offer services to the public
Door hardware
thresholds cannot exceed 1/2" in height and must be beveled so no slope of threshold is greater than 1:2
Visual texture
what we imagine a surface to be simply by looking at it
Purchase Order
when the designer buys goods or services for the owner, either as a reseller or agent, a purchase order is issued. Info given: Buyer's name and address, vendor's name and address, purchase order number, quantity, description and price of items, shipping and billing address. It is used as accounting devices to track the status of ordered goods and services and serve as basis for billing the client.
Tint
white is added to a hue
Questionnaires
written forms that people fill in with requested information
What must you determine first before space planning a commercial buildings interior?
Occupancy classification for the building
what has a great impact on the effectiveness of HVAC system?
Occupancy load
Performance Specification
Open. Tells what result you want the final construction assembly to achieve, but they give the contractor some choice in how they will be achieved. Encourages competitive bidding. Variations: Descriptivw, reference standard, pure performance
Ways the body loses heat
convection, evaporation, radiation
reimbursable expenses
costs that are not part of professional services but are necessary to complete the project: travel, long-distance telephone calls, reproduction costs, postage. Fees for consultants (ex. MEP) may be included here or with methods of compensation.
terms to discribe forms
cylindrical, flat, square, linear
Organization concepts
used to satisfy the clients needs and then test them against criteria to find the best one to develop in more detail
Triad
uses 3 hues that are equally spaced around the color wheel
Tetrad
uses 4 hues that are equally spaced around the color wheel
Retainage
usually 10% of each payment is withheld until final completion of the work as a protection of the owner against incomplete or defective work by the contractor.
Changes in the work
usually due to unforeseen conditions or requests by the owner.
Bidding Documents
usually prepared by the designer using standard forms or forms provided by the owner. Not a legal part of the contract documents -advertisement of invitation to bid -instruction to bidders -bid forms -bid security information -requirements for a preformance bon, if required -requirements for a labor and material payment bond, if required
Scope of Basic Interior Design Services
A. Programming B Schematic Design C. Design Development D. Contract Documents E. Bidding F. Contract Administration and Designer's Responsibilities G. Purchase Orders
LEED
An interior design project that carries a gold rating has been designed & certified under which system? Greenguard; Green Seal; ISO 14000; or LEED.
Aged accounts receivable
An interior designer could determine which clients have not paid by looking at: Aged accounts receivable; Balance sheet, Cash flow statement; or Income statement.
Life-cycle assessment
An interior designer is evaluating various alternatives for a building product for sustainability. The designer would most likely use: Environmental impact study; Life-cycle assessment; Impact assessment; or Matrix comparison chart.
Post-tensioned concrete
Core drilling would be most difficult in which type of structural system - concrete over steel deck, flat slab concrete, 1-way pan joist concrete or post-tensioned concrete?
Design room to have largest ceiling surface area possible
During DD phase, what method would NOT be used to reduce potential noise problems in room whose exact size & shape had not been determined - Design room to have largest ceiling surface area possible, Plan for sound-absorbent material on walls of room, Study ways to increase transmission loss of room's partitions, or Minimize length of wall separating room from noisier areas?
Owner
Final acceptance of FF&E is responsibility of the: Architect; Interior Designer; Owner; or Vendor.
What activity normally occurs at the beginning of the design development stage?
Finalizing the overall design
Retainage
Owner is protected from incomplete work by contractor by use of: Indemnification; Liquidated damages; Retainage; or Standard contract forms.
Owner's Duties, Rights and Responsibilities
-furnish evidence, at the request of the contractor, that financial arrangements have been made to fulfill the owner's obligations under the contact -furnish all drawings free of charge -provide access to the area of work at reasonable times -provide suitable space for the receipt and storage of materials, furniture and equipment -provide temproary utilities on the job site and vertical transprotation necessary for the execution of the work - has the right to order the contractor to stop work and has the right to carry out the work if the contractor fails in their duties to correctly do so -has the right to perform work related to the project with the owners own forces to award separate contracts for certain work. However, the owner is required to coordinate his own forces and act with the same obligations and rights as the contractor would have -has the right to accept nonconforming work, but since this entails a change in the contract, it might be done by written change order.
Duties and Responsibilities of the Contractor
-solely responsible for all fabrication, delivery and installation means, methods, techniques and procedures and for coordinating all portions of the work -responsible to the owner for acts and omissions of all subcontractors and other people performing work under a contract with the contractor -obligated to provide a schedule for the owner's and designer's info -NOT responsible to ascertain that the contract documents conform to the building codes, ordinances and other regulations however, if the contractor notices some variance, they must notify the designer in writing. -Exclusively responsible for onsite safety and precautions against damage to persons and property
Exit access, exit & exit discharge
3 parts of a means of egress include: Public way; Exit access; Exit; Exit discharge; Exit enclosure; & Corridor.
All accessible spaces & parts of a building
An accessible route must serve: All accessible spaces & parts of a building; Corridors, stairs, elevators & toilet rooms; Entrances, parking, toilet rooms, corridors & drinking fountains; or Entrances, corridors, toilet rooms & elevators except those used for maintenance.
Contract Documents
Consist of: -Owner-contractor agreement -General Conditions of the contract -Supplementary conditions of the contract (if any) -Drawings -Specifications -Addenda issued before execution -Modifications issued after execution. NOT included: Bidding documents are not part of the contract.
Contract Administration and Designer Responsiblities
Designer- a representative of owner and advises/consults with the owner during the CA phase and has the authority to act on behalf of owner, but only to the extent provided in contract documents. The Designer assists in coordinating schedules for delivery and installation, keeps the owner informed and guards against defects and deficiencies in the work to determine progress and quality of work. Determines amounts owed to contractors and suppliers based on site visits and evaluation of the contractors applications for payment. The Designer issues certificates for payment (usually monthly) and is considered the interpreter of the requirements of the contract documents and be an impartial judge of performance by the owner and contractors. Designer decisions concerning aesthetic judgements are final if they are consistent with the intent of contrast documents. Designer reviews contractor submittals (shop drawings and samples), prepares change orders, may order minor changes in work not invloving change in contract sum or extension of schedule. Review of shop drawings is only for conformance with design concept when job is complete. Designer reviews final state of construction and final placement of all items, inspects for damage, and determines if all work has been supplied, delivered, installed according to the contact documents.
Master Spec - Part 2
Detail specs
Uncovering Concepts in Programming
Develop abstract ideas that are functional solutions to the clients performance problems without defining the physical means that could be used to solve them
Programming
Discussing preliminary budget is part of which phase?
Project Manual
Divided into 4 parts: 1) Bidding requirements (if needed) 2) Parts of the contract itself (agreement between owner/contractor, bond forms, etc.) 3) General and supplementary conditions of the contract 4) Technical specifications
Design Development
Drafting plans, elevations, RCPs is part of which phase?
Collecting Facts in Programming
Facts describe existing conditions and # of people, space adjacencies, user characteristics, equipment to be housed, expected growth rate, budget and building code requirements
Tone
Gray or the hue's complement is added
Tone
Grey added to a color.
Cost estimate
Not found in project manual
Orthographic drawing
Point of view is directly in front of every location on object.
Delivery of Goods
Regulated by the UCC. Furniture and accessories may be shipped by common carriers, contract carriers, private carriers.
Pattern
Repetition of decorative motif.
Rhythm
Repetition of elements in a regular pattern.
4-12'
Social distance
Design Development
Soliciting FF&E quotes is part of which phase?
Schematic Design
Space planning is part of which phase?
Specification Writing Guidelines
Specs are legal documents- they must be complete, accurate, and unambiguous. Know what the standards and test methods reffered to include and what parts of them are applicable to your project. Do NOT specify together the results and the methods proposed to achieve those results, as the two may conflict. Do NOT include standards that cannot be measured. ex. work should be done in a "first class manner". Avoid exculpatory clauses- putting all of the responsibility on the contractor. Avoid words or phrases that are ambiguous, like "and/or" or "etc." Keep specification as short as possible. Describe only one major idea in each paragraph.
Reference Standard Specification
Variation of a descriptive spec (performance spec). Describes a material, product or process based on requirements (reference standards) set by an accepted authority or test method. ex. ASTM, ANSI, UL, AWI. Fairly easy to write.
Proprietary Specification
Variation of a perscriptive spec. Are the most restrictive specs because they call out a specific manufacturer's product. Gives the interior designer complete control over what is installed. Does not allow for competitive bidding.
Base-bid Specification (Equal Spec)
Vatiation of a prescriptive spec. Calls out a proprietary material or product but allows the substitution of other products that the contractor thinks are equal to the one stated. (risky) Variations: 1) lists several approved manufacturers of a product, but this puts the burden on the designer to verify that every one of the products is equal. 2) States that one product or an "approved equal" must be used. The contractor may submit a substitution, but it is subject to review and approval by the designer. Puts burden on contractor to find equals.
Termination of contract
a termination clause gives both designer and client the right to quit the contract upon giving adequate written notice, usually at least seven days. If the contract is terminated by the client through no fault of the designer, the designer must be compensated for work performed up to the time of termination. A contract can be terminated without such a clause if both parties agree to it in writing.
Effective Temperature (ET)
a value developed that combines the effects of air temperature, humidity and air movement
Site Plan
a view of the building as seen from directly above. Shows roof of building, surrounding yards, walks driveways and other features within the property line. Usually shows the streets and property immediately adjacent to the site.
Addendum
a written or graphic document issued by the designer before the execution of the contract that modifies or interprets the bidding documents by additions, deletions, clarifications or corrections. Issued during the bidding process before bids are submitted.
Shade
black is added to a hue
Estimating by Sq. Ft.
budgets based on size are usually the first and most preliminary type of estimate done before much design work has started. Anticipated sq. ft. of prject is multiplied by a cost per sq. ft. to arrive at a number
ADA Toilet
clearance depth varies depending on wall-hung vs. floor mounted water closet. In most cases, door must provide min, clear opening of 32" and must swing out (away from stall enclosure). Grab bars must be mounted 33-36" AFF. Centerline of toilet must be 18" from a wall with grab bars at both back and side of water closet.
Client Interview
combines observations, a structured list of questions, the ability to clarify ambiguous questions or responses and the opportunity for exploration of needs and ideas of the users not previously considered
Wood Molding
comes in standard profiles and sizes, is ordered by # and installed as a finish carpentry item rather than millwork
Private Carriers
companies who own and operate their own trucks to move their merchandise
What should be included in a preliminary presentation (the initial presentation)
conceptual floor plans, finish materials, furniture and upholstery selections and project budget.
Substitutions
conditions under which substitutions will be considered and the procedures for reviewing submissions is defined in the instructions to bidders. Requests must include name of material for which the substitution is submitted, along with complete back-up information about the proposed substitution. The burden of proof rests with the bidders. If approved, the designer issues an addendum to all of the bidders.
Axial
consists of 2 or more major linear segments about which spaces or rooms are placed. Usually have a featured termination at one or more ends of the axis
Grid
consists of 2 sets of spaced element, can be perpendicular to each other or at angles and irregularly spaced. Can be very monotonous and confusing. Usually defined by circulation paths, it is more appropriate for very large spaces.
Linear
consists of a series of spaces or rooms that are placed in a single line (usually a path of circulation) very adaptable
Symmetrical Balance
consists of identical elements arranged equally about a common axis. (bisymmetrical, bilateral, axial symmetry) This type of balance is very stable and creates formality
Millwork
construction components that are primarily built of wood and are manufactured in a mill shop. Cabinets, bookshelves, paneling, etc.
Why are addenda issued?
to provide additional information not included in the bid package
Indemnification
to secure against loss or damage. the clasue is intended to protect the owner and designer against situations where a person is injured due to the negligence of the contractor or the contractor's agent.
ADA Toilets
toilet rooms must have minimum clear turning space of 5'-0" (60") circle. However, the clear floor space at fixtures and controls and turning space may overlap
Stile and Rail
traditional type of paneling composed of vertical pieces (stiles) and horizontal pieces (rails) enclosing a paneled area
Bid Security
used to ensure that the successful bidder will enter into a contract with the owner. the form may be a certified check, cashiers check or bid bond. if successful bidder backs out, the bid security may be retained and compensates for the difference between the low bid and next lowest bidders. Amount of the bid security is a fixed price or a % of the bid