Internalizing Spectrum

Which disorders belongs to Anxiety Disorders?

- Specific Phobia - Social Anxiety Disorder - Panic Disorder - Panic Attack Specifier - Agoraphobia - Generalised Anxiety Disorder

What are the 4 sub-categories on the internalizing spectrum?

1. Sexual problems 2. Feeding and Eating problems 3. Fear 4. Distress

What are the criteria of a Depressive Disorder?

A. (Depressive episode) at least 5 symptoms of which at least symptom (1) and/or (2) must be included: 1. Depressed mood for most of the day 2. Loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia) 3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia 5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation 6. Fatigue or loss of energy 7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt 8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness 9. Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation with or without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt Time criterium: Symptoms are present during the same 2-week period nearly every day (except for weight change and suicidal ideation) For Depressive disorder also B-E criteria (that we dont need to learn)

What are the criteria of a Persistent Depressive Disorder(dysthymia)?

A. Depressed mood for most of the day Time criterium: Present for more days than not, for at least 2 years B. While depressed, presence of at least 2 other symptoms: 1. Poor appetite or overeating 2. Insomnia or hypersomnia 3. Low energy or fatigue 4. Low self-esteem 5. Poor concentration or indecisiveness 6. Feelings of hopelessness C . During the 2 year time period (1 year for children), the individual has never been without the symptoms in criterion A. or B. for more than 2 months at a time D. Criteria for a MDD may be continuously present for 2 years

What are the criteria for Generalised Anxiety Disorder?

A. Excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities Time criterium: Anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months B. Difficulty controlling the worry C. The anxiety and worry are associated with at least 3 of the following symptoms: 1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge 2. Being easily fatigued 3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank 4. Irritability 5. Muscle tension 6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep) Time criterium: At least some symptoms present for more days than not for the past 6 months

What are the criteria of Acute stress Syndrome?

A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence B. Presence of 9 or more of the following symptoms from any of the five categories of intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal, beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred C. Duration of the disturbance (symptoms of B.) is 3 days to 1 month after trauma exposure

What are the criteria of a Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome?

A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence B. Presence of one (or more) of the following intrusion symptoms (ex. flashbacks) C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli D. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood E. Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity

What are the criteria for Specific Phobia?

A. Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (O/S) B. The O/S almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety C. The O/S is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety D. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the O/S and to the sociocultural context

What are the criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder?

A. Marked fear or anxiety about at least 1 social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others B. Fear to act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated C. The situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety D. The situations are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the situation and to the sociocultural context

What are the criteria for Agoraphobia?

A. Marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following situations: 1. Using public transportation 2. Being in open spaces (marketplaces, bridges) 3. Being in enclosed places 4. Standing in line or being in a crowd 5. Being outside of the home alone B. The situations are avoided because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms C. The situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety D. The situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense fear or anxiety E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the situations and to the sociocultural context

What are the criteria for Body Dysmorphia?

A. Preoccupation with at least 1 perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others B. At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual has performed repetitive behaviors (mirror checking) or mental acts (comparing appearance to others) in response to the appearance concerns

What are the criteria for Bulimia Nervosa?

A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by both of the following: 1. Eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most individuals would eat in a similar time period and under similar circumstances 2. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode B. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain (self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise) C. Both A and B occur, on average, at least 1 time each week for at least 3 months D. One's self-evaluation is excessively influenced by body shape and weight

What are the criteria for Panic Disorder?

A. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks (see Panic Attack Specifier for symptoms) B. at least 1 of the attacks has been followed by 1 or both of the following: 1. Persistent concern or worry about additional attacks or their consequences 2. Maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks (avoidance of exercise) Time criterium: at least 1 month of the above (B)

What are the criteria for Anorexia Nervosa?

A. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight (less than minimally normal) in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health B. Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at significantly low weight C. at least 1 of the following: 1. Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced 2. Excessive influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation 3. Persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight

What are the criteria of Adjustment Syndrome?

A. The development of emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) Time criterium: The symptoms occur within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s) B. The symptoms are clinically significant, as evidence by at least 1 of the following: 1. Marked distress that is out of proportion to the severity or intensity of the stressor, taking into account the external context and cultural factors that might influence symptom severity and presentation 2. Significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning C. The stress-related disturbance does not meet the criteria for another mental disorder and is not merely an exacerbation of a preexisting mental disorder D. The symptoms do not represent normal bereavement E. Once the stressor is gone, the symptoms do not persist more than additional 6 months

What are the criteria of Obssessive-Compulsive Disorder?

A. The presence of obsessions and /or compulsions B. The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming or cause clinically significant distress or impairment

What is the name of chapter 5?

Anxiety Disorders

What is chapter 4 called?

Depressive Syndromes

What is the name of chapter 10?

Feeding and Eating Disorders

What is the name of chapter 6?

Obsessive-Compulsive and related syndromes

What is the name of chapter 12?

Sexual Syndromes

What are obsessions?

Thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur, so that they cannot be dismissed from the mind

What is chapter 7 called?

Trauma- and stressor- related disorders

What are the criteria for Panic attack Specifier?

When the presence of a panic attack is identified, but a diagnosis of panic disorder is not justified, it should be noted as a specifier (PTSD with panic attacks) Panic attack: An abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, and during which at least 4 symptoms occur: 1. Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate. 2. Sweating 3. Trembling or shaking 4. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering 5. Feelings of choking 6. Chest pain or discomfort 7. Nausea or abdominal distress 8. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint 9. Chills or heat sensations 10. Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations) 11. Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself) 12. Fear of losing control or going crazy 13. Fear of dying

What are the specifiers for Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?

With pure dysthymic syndrome: Full criteria for MDD has not been met in the past 2 years) With peristent Major Depressive Episode: full criteria for a major depressive episode have been met throughout the preceeding two years With intermittent major depressive episodes, with current episode: Full criteria for major depressive episode are currently met, but there have been periods of at least 8 weeks (in at least the preceeding 2 years) with symptoms below the threshold for a full major episode With intermittent major depressive episodes, without current epiosde: Full criteria for a major depressive epiosde are not currently met, but there has been one or more major depressive episodes in at least the preceding 2 years.

What are compulsions?

ritualistic behaviors that an individual feels driven to perform in an attempt to reduce anxiety