INTRO AND POSITIONING TERMS

some synovial joints contain synovial fluid-filled sacs outside the main joint cavity called

bursae

the piece of cartilage that separates the end of a developing long bone from the central shaft is called the:

epiphyseal plate

after birth, a separate bone begins to develop at the ends of long bones. each end is called the

epiphysis

a small, smooth-surfaced process for articulation of bones is called a

facet

the syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints belong to which structural joint group

fibrous joints

a hole In a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves is called a

foramen

in the anatomic position, the palms of the hands are facing

forward

the general goal for central ray placement is:

perpendicular to the structure of interest.

the image receptor used in computed radiography IRS is a:

photostimulable storage phosphor imaging plate.

Which side marker would be placed on the IR on the edge of the collimated field for a radiographic image of a patient with an injured right hand?

the right (R) marker on either side of the patient's hand.

collimation of the x-ray beam prompts which two of the following

a decrease of scatter radiation, an increase in radiographic contrast.

movement of a part toward the central axis of the body is termed

adduction

how often should the radiographic tabletop be cleaned?

after every procedure/patient

S1 and S2 are located at the level of the

anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS)

the study of joints or articulations is known as

arthrology

a fundamental responsibility of radiographers is to ensure that each radiation exposure upholds the ALARA concept. ALARA stand for:

as low as reasonably achievable.

for which type of body habitus will the stomach be the lowest

asthenic

which two are the most common pre-exposure breathing instructions for radiographic procedures?

at the end of inspiration, at the end of expiration.

all of the following are types of body habitus, except

atrophic

all of the following terms are used to describe "body positions" except

axial

when there is longitudinal angulation of the central ray with the long axis of the body, the projection will always use the term:

axial

Involuntary motion can be caused by which of the following? 1. Peristalsis 2. Spasm 3. Breathing

1 and 2

bones provide which of the following? 1. protection of internal organs 2. production of red and white blood cells, 3. attachment for the skin and fat layers

1 and 2

which of the following is affected when imaging patients who are obese? 1. Image quality 2. Ability to transfer safely 3. Ability to find positioning landmarks

1, 2, and 3.

The metric conversion of 40 inches is

102 cm.

how many specific types of joints are contained within the structural classification of joints

11

the source of radiation in an x-ray tube (the anode) shall not be closer than ____ inches from the patient.

12

the appendicular skeleton allows the body to move in various positions. how many bones does it contain?

126

the red marrow within bones produces _____ cells. 1. adipose, 2. red blood, 3. white blood

2 and 3.

the adult skeleton is composed of how many bones

206

Gonad shielding is required when the gonads lie within ______ cm of the primary x-ray field.

5

approximately what percentage of the population has a sthenic body habitus

50%

if the central ray enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface, the x-ray projection is termed

AP

the x-ray projection shown in this figure is

AP

the x-ray projection identified in this figure is:

AP axial

the Standards of Ethics for radiographers was written and is maintained by the:

American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.

the Radiography Practice Standards are written and maintained by the:

American Society of Radiologic Technologists.

the vertebra prominens is located at the level of the

C7-T1

blood and body fluid recommendations are issued by the:

CDC

The central or principle beam of x-rays is termed the:

Central Ray (CR)

Which term refers to restriction of the exposure field?

Collimation

Which type of accessory equipment reduces the amount of scatter and off-focus radiation that reaches the image receptor?

Grid

An increase in SID will result in which two of the following?

Increased spatial resolution, and decreased magnification

Each radiology department must write age-specific competencies to meet the standards of the:

JCHAO

What is the most common image receptor general position?

Lengthwise

the projection shown in this illustration is

PA

which two terms are used to describe x-ray "projections"

PA axial and AP

Which of the following radiographic examinations would give a male patient the highest gonad dose?

Pelvis

in which quadrant of the abdomen is the appendix usually located

RLQ

A physician who is board certified to read or interpret, x-ray examinations is a:

Radiologist

Radiographers who obtain additional education, clinical practice, and certification to provide advanced clinical imaging procedures are designated as which of the following titles?

Radiologist Assistants (RA), and Radiology Practitioner Assistants (RPA)

what term is defined as the distance from the anode focal spot inside the x-ray tube to the image receptor?

Source-to-image receptor distance (SID)

the jugular notch is located at the level of

T2-T3

movement of a part away from the central axis of the body or body part is termed

abduction

which of the following terms is plural

calculi

reference toward the head of the body is termed:

cephalad.

Oblique positions are always named according to the side of the patient that is

closest to the IR

when a fractured bone is shattered into many pieces, it is called

comminuted

bones are composed of an outer layer of compact boney tissue called the

compact bone

all of the following are affected by the SID used for a radiographic image, except:

contrast resolution

a plane passing vertically through the body from side to side is termed

coronal

which of the following positioning terms indicates that the patient is lying down and the central ray is horizontal?

decubitus

movement or positioning of the hand toward the radius or ulna is termed

deviation

a serious fracture in which the bones are not in anatomic alignment is called

displaced

the term that refers to parts farthest from the point of attachment, point of reference, or away from the center of the body is

distal

the term that may also be used to refer to the posterior surface of the body is

dorsal

near the age of 21, full ossification occurs between the ends and the central shaft of long bones. the moderately visible area where the bones join is called the

epiphyseal line.

all are apparent abnormalities that could affect the radiographic result and should be recorded by the radiographer in the clinical history, except:

freckles and moles

radiographers can control voluntary motion by:

giving clear instructions to the patient.

all are guidelines for gonad shielding, except:

gonad shields are only needed for pediatric patients.

the easiest and most convenient method of preventing the spread of microorganisms is:

handwashing.

which specific type of joint permits only flexion and extension

hinge joints

any plane passing through the body at right angles to its longitudinal axis termed

horizontal

forced or excessive extension of a limb or part is termed

hyperextension

for which type of body habitus will the lungs be very short and wide

hypersthenic

the stomach is positioned the highest in which type of body habitus

hypersthenic

which body habitus is shown in this figure

hypersthenic

the lower, center region on this figure is termed the:

hypograstrium

If the foot is turned inward at the ankle joint, the body movement is termed

inversion

which of the following radiographic examinations would give a female patient the highest gonad dose?

lumbar spine

a club-shaped process on a bone is called a:

malleolus

rotation of the arm toward the midline of the body from the anatomic position is termed

medial rotation

long bones have a central cylindrical cavity called the

medullary cavity

some synovial joints contain a thick cushioning pad of fibrocartilage called the

meniscus

how many regions is the abdomen divided?

nine

near the center of all long bones is a specific opening in the periosteum called the

nutrient foramen

a serious fracture in which the broken or bones project through the skin is called a(n) ____ fracture

open

study of the bones of the body is known as

osteology

the largest sesamoid bone in the body is the

patella

the term used to describe the act of placing the patient appropriately for a radiographic examination

position

Radiographic images of the hands, wrist, feet, and toes are routinely displayed with the digits:

positioned toward the ceiling.

the path of the central ray stated as it exits the x-ray tube, travels through the patient and strikes the IR defines

projection

when the hand is turned toward the radial side, it is termed

radial deviation

Information that must be included on all radiographic images includes all of the following except:

radiographer's name.

a plane passing through the body parallel with the midsagittal plane is termed:

sagittal

which bone classification is defined as those that develop in or near tendons

sesamoid

all of the following are located in the thoracic cavity except

spleen

the lungs will be a moderate length in which body habitus

sthenic

L4 and L5 are located at the level of the

superior aspect of the iliac crests

which structural joint group contains joints that are all freely movable

synovial joints

tipping or slanting a body part slightly is termed

tilting

a large, rounded, elevated process on a bone is called a

tuberosity

the part of the bone where muscles, tendons, or ligaments are attached is called

tuberosity

a term that means the same as anterior is:

ventral

which of the following term refers to the covering of an organ

visceral

Nervousness, discomfort, and fear are causes of:

voluntary motion.

the simplest and most common shape of compensating filter is the

wedge

T9 and T10 are located at the level of the:

xiphoid process.