INTRO AND POSITIONING TERMS
some synovial joints contain synovial fluid-filled sacs outside the main joint cavity called
bursae
the piece of cartilage that separates the end of a developing long bone from the central shaft is called the:
epiphyseal plate
after birth, a separate bone begins to develop at the ends of long bones. each end is called the
epiphysis
a small, smooth-surfaced process for articulation of bones is called a
facet
the syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints belong to which structural joint group
fibrous joints
a hole In a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves is called a
foramen
in the anatomic position, the palms of the hands are facing
forward
the general goal for central ray placement is:
perpendicular to the structure of interest.
the image receptor used in computed radiography IRS is a:
photostimulable storage phosphor imaging plate.
Which side marker would be placed on the IR on the edge of the collimated field for a radiographic image of a patient with an injured right hand?
the right (R) marker on either side of the patient's hand.
collimation of the x-ray beam prompts which two of the following
a decrease of scatter radiation, an increase in radiographic contrast.
movement of a part toward the central axis of the body is termed
adduction
how often should the radiographic tabletop be cleaned?
after every procedure/patient
S1 and S2 are located at the level of the
anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS)
the study of joints or articulations is known as
arthrology
a fundamental responsibility of radiographers is to ensure that each radiation exposure upholds the ALARA concept. ALARA stand for:
as low as reasonably achievable.
for which type of body habitus will the stomach be the lowest
asthenic
which two are the most common pre-exposure breathing instructions for radiographic procedures?
at the end of inspiration, at the end of expiration.
all of the following are types of body habitus, except
atrophic
all of the following terms are used to describe "body positions" except
axial
when there is longitudinal angulation of the central ray with the long axis of the body, the projection will always use the term:
axial
Involuntary motion can be caused by which of the following? 1. Peristalsis 2. Spasm 3. Breathing
1 and 2
bones provide which of the following? 1. protection of internal organs 2. production of red and white blood cells, 3. attachment for the skin and fat layers
1 and 2
which of the following is affected when imaging patients who are obese? 1. Image quality 2. Ability to transfer safely 3. Ability to find positioning landmarks
1, 2, and 3.
The metric conversion of 40 inches is
102 cm.
how many specific types of joints are contained within the structural classification of joints
11
the source of radiation in an x-ray tube (the anode) shall not be closer than ____ inches from the patient.
12
the appendicular skeleton allows the body to move in various positions. how many bones does it contain?
126
the red marrow within bones produces _____ cells. 1. adipose, 2. red blood, 3. white blood
2 and 3.
the adult skeleton is composed of how many bones
206
Gonad shielding is required when the gonads lie within ______ cm of the primary x-ray field.
5
approximately what percentage of the population has a sthenic body habitus
50%
if the central ray enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface, the x-ray projection is termed
AP
the x-ray projection shown in this figure is
AP
the x-ray projection identified in this figure is:
AP axial
the Standards of Ethics for radiographers was written and is maintained by the:
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.
the Radiography Practice Standards are written and maintained by the:
American Society of Radiologic Technologists.
the vertebra prominens is located at the level of the
C7-T1
blood and body fluid recommendations are issued by the:
CDC
The central or principle beam of x-rays is termed the:
Central Ray (CR)
Which term refers to restriction of the exposure field?
Collimation
Which type of accessory equipment reduces the amount of scatter and off-focus radiation that reaches the image receptor?
Grid
An increase in SID will result in which two of the following?
Increased spatial resolution, and decreased magnification
Each radiology department must write age-specific competencies to meet the standards of the:
JCHAO
What is the most common image receptor general position?
Lengthwise
the projection shown in this illustration is
PA
which two terms are used to describe x-ray "projections"
PA axial and AP
Which of the following radiographic examinations would give a male patient the highest gonad dose?
Pelvis
in which quadrant of the abdomen is the appendix usually located
RLQ
A physician who is board certified to read or interpret, x-ray examinations is a:
Radiologist
Radiographers who obtain additional education, clinical practice, and certification to provide advanced clinical imaging procedures are designated as which of the following titles?
Radiologist Assistants (RA), and Radiology Practitioner Assistants (RPA)
what term is defined as the distance from the anode focal spot inside the x-ray tube to the image receptor?
Source-to-image receptor distance (SID)
the jugular notch is located at the level of
T2-T3
movement of a part away from the central axis of the body or body part is termed
abduction
which of the following terms is plural
calculi
reference toward the head of the body is termed:
cephalad.
Oblique positions are always named according to the side of the patient that is
closest to the IR
when a fractured bone is shattered into many pieces, it is called
comminuted
bones are composed of an outer layer of compact boney tissue called the
compact bone
all of the following are affected by the SID used for a radiographic image, except:
contrast resolution
a plane passing vertically through the body from side to side is termed
coronal
which of the following positioning terms indicates that the patient is lying down and the central ray is horizontal?
decubitus
movement or positioning of the hand toward the radius or ulna is termed
deviation
a serious fracture in which the bones are not in anatomic alignment is called
displaced
the term that refers to parts farthest from the point of attachment, point of reference, or away from the center of the body is
distal
the term that may also be used to refer to the posterior surface of the body is
dorsal
near the age of 21, full ossification occurs between the ends and the central shaft of long bones. the moderately visible area where the bones join is called the
epiphyseal line.
all are apparent abnormalities that could affect the radiographic result and should be recorded by the radiographer in the clinical history, except:
freckles and moles
radiographers can control voluntary motion by:
giving clear instructions to the patient.
all are guidelines for gonad shielding, except:
gonad shields are only needed for pediatric patients.
the easiest and most convenient method of preventing the spread of microorganisms is:
handwashing.
which specific type of joint permits only flexion and extension
hinge joints
any plane passing through the body at right angles to its longitudinal axis termed
horizontal
forced or excessive extension of a limb or part is termed
hyperextension
for which type of body habitus will the lungs be very short and wide
hypersthenic
the stomach is positioned the highest in which type of body habitus
hypersthenic
which body habitus is shown in this figure
hypersthenic
the lower, center region on this figure is termed the:
hypograstrium
If the foot is turned inward at the ankle joint, the body movement is termed
inversion
which of the following radiographic examinations would give a female patient the highest gonad dose?
lumbar spine
a club-shaped process on a bone is called a:
malleolus
rotation of the arm toward the midline of the body from the anatomic position is termed
medial rotation
long bones have a central cylindrical cavity called the
medullary cavity
some synovial joints contain a thick cushioning pad of fibrocartilage called the
meniscus
how many regions is the abdomen divided?
nine
near the center of all long bones is a specific opening in the periosteum called the
nutrient foramen
a serious fracture in which the broken or bones project through the skin is called a(n) ____ fracture
open
study of the bones of the body is known as
osteology
the largest sesamoid bone in the body is the
patella
the term used to describe the act of placing the patient appropriately for a radiographic examination
position
Radiographic images of the hands, wrist, feet, and toes are routinely displayed with the digits:
positioned toward the ceiling.
the path of the central ray stated as it exits the x-ray tube, travels through the patient and strikes the IR defines
projection
when the hand is turned toward the radial side, it is termed
radial deviation
Information that must be included on all radiographic images includes all of the following except:
radiographer's name.
a plane passing through the body parallel with the midsagittal plane is termed:
sagittal
which bone classification is defined as those that develop in or near tendons
sesamoid
all of the following are located in the thoracic cavity except
spleen
the lungs will be a moderate length in which body habitus
sthenic
L4 and L5 are located at the level of the
superior aspect of the iliac crests
which structural joint group contains joints that are all freely movable
synovial joints
tipping or slanting a body part slightly is termed
tilting
a large, rounded, elevated process on a bone is called a
tuberosity
the part of the bone where muscles, tendons, or ligaments are attached is called
tuberosity
a term that means the same as anterior is:
ventral
which of the following term refers to the covering of an organ
visceral
Nervousness, discomfort, and fear are causes of:
voluntary motion.
the simplest and most common shape of compensating filter is the
wedge
T9 and T10 are located at the level of the:
xiphoid process.