Intro Film Questions

Orson Welles was ___ years old when he directed Citizen Kane.

25

"The ____ illustrates the extent to which continuity editing attempts to preserve spatial unity. This rule specifies that a shot should be followed by another shot taken from a position greater than 30 degrees from that of the first.

30-Degree Rule

In a ____, a black screen gradually brightens to a full picture."

Fade-in

"A _____ is an optical effect in which an image gradually darkens to black."

Fade-out

"____ is a technique that uses secondary fill lights to balance the key lighting by removing shadows or to emphasize other spaces and objects in the scene"

Fill Lighting

"The ____ masks the corners of the frame with a black, usually circular form."

Iris

"In cinema, a ____ is a shot-by-shot representation of how a film or a film sequence will unfold."

Storyboard

No doubt the best known films of the musical genre are the _______, which situate the musical conventions onstage or 'backstage.'"

Theatrical musicals

"A ____ is taken by a mounted camera moving through space. It can also be called a dolly shot when the camera is moved on a wheeled dolly."

Tracking shot

"The _____ is the primary rule of continuity editing and one that many films and television shows consider sacrosanct. It restricts possible camera setups to the 180-degree are on one side of an imaginary line (the axis of action) drawn between the characters or figures of a scene.

180-Degree Rule

"At the center of the mise-en-scène is most often a flesh-and-blood _____ who embodies and performs a film character through gestures and movements."

Actor

According to your text, a _______, "the process of turning a book, television show, play, or other artistic work into a film--attracts the fans from the original medium."

Adaptation

"Beginning with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) and increasing in popularity and frequency within the last decades, _________ use cartoon figures and stories to present songs and music."

Animated musicals

"____ is the use of cinema technology to give the illusion of movement to individual drawings, paintings, figures, or computer generated images."

Animation

"______ (also known as offscreen sound) is sound that does not have a visible onscreen source."

Asynchronous sound

"The arrangement and movement of actors in relation to each other within the physical space of a mise-en-scène is called ______."

Blocking

"Today animation is accomplished predominantly through _____ (still or animated images created through digital computer technology)."

CGI

Which of the following genre conventions is NOT associated as being a chief characteristic of crime films:

Characters who always prevail over evil and share their wealth with the less fortunate

"Through its power to manipulate ____--the order according to which shots or scenes convey the temporal sequence of the story's events--editing organizes narrative time."

Chronology

"The filming of images is called _____--which means motion-picture photography (literally, 'movement-writing')."

Cinematography

"_____ are framings that show details of a person, or an object, such as the face or hands or a flower pot on a windowsill, perhaps indicating nuances of the character's feelings or thoughts or suggesting the special significance of an object."

Close-ups

According to your text, ______, "or the aspects of comprehension that makes up our rational reactions and thought processes, also contributes to our pleasure in watching movies."

Cognition

"With the full development of the Hollywood studio system, the movies refined the storytelling style known as ______, which gives the viewer the impression that the action unfolds with spatiotemporal consistency."

Continuity editing

"____ are the clothing and related accessories worn by a character that define the character and contribute to the visual impression and design of the film overall."

Costumes

_____ "typically feature criminals and individuals dedicated to crime detection and plots that involve criminal acts."

Crime films

____ (also called parallel editing) is "an editing technique that cuts back and forth between actions in separation locations, often implying simultaneity."

Crosscutting

____ is a "camera technique using a large depth of field in which multiple planes in the shot are all in focus simultaneously."

Deep focus

"______ focus on a protagonist who represents the law or an ambiguous version of it, such as a private investigator."

Detective films

Sergei Eisenstein "advocated ______--the cutting together of conflicting or unrelated images to generate an idea or emotion in the viewer. He argued that two contrasting or otherwise conflicting shots will be synthesized into a visual concept when juxtaposed."

Dialectical montage

"____ is the the world of the film's story (its characters, places, and events), including both what is shown and what is implied."

Diegesis

"_____ is sound captured directly from its source, but some degree of reflected sound (recorded sound that is captured as it bounces from the walls of the sets) may be desired to give a sense of space."

Direct sound

"____ is visible editing. It calls attention to the cut through spatial tension, temporal jumps, or rhythmic or graphic patterns and therefore makes a definitive break from cutting in the service of verisimilitude." *

Disjunctive editing

A ___ briefly superimposes one shot over the next, which takes its place; one image fades out as another image fades in.

Dissolve

"Film ___ is the process of seeing and joining film footage and shots."

Editing

"The ____ concentrates on action and movement and develops a heroic character whose quests and battles serve to define the nation and its origins."

Epic Westerns

"Spatial patterns are frequently introduced through the use of an _____--generally an initial long shot that establishes the location and setting and orients the viewer in space to a clear view of the action.

Establishing shot

In this introspective subgenre, the traditional western hero is troubled by his changing social status and his self-doubts, often as the frontier becomes more populated and civilized.

Existential Westerns

According to your textbook, ____________ "are the material conditions that define our identity at a certain time and in a certain place--such as our age, gender, race, linguistic and socioeconomic background, and the part of the country or world in which we live."

Experiential circumstances

According to our text, _______ are the "personal and social encounters through which we develop our identities over time and can include our education, relationships, travels, and even the films we have seen."

Experiential histories

"An ____ is framed from a comparatively greater distance than a long shot; the surrounding space dominates human figures."

Extreme long shot

"______ can be considered a subgenre of crime films that emerged in the late 1940s and one that distinctly elevates the legal, moral, and atmospheric ambiguity and confusion found in early examples of the genre. [... This subgenre] suggests a visual style that emphasizes darkness and shadows that, in turn, reflect the shady moral universes common in these films."

Film noir

Any nonlinear time constructions tend to be introduced with strict cues about narrative motivation. For example, a ____--a sequence that follows an image set in the present with an image set in the past--may be introduced with a dissolve conveying the character's memory or with voiceover narration between linear and nonlinear structure."

Flashback

The less common ____ is a sequence that connects an image set in the present with one or more future images."

Flashforward

"By 1911, Biograph Studios' most popular actress, __________, was known as the "Biograph Girl" and celebrities like Mary Pickford ('America's Sweetheart') became the focus of wildly popular fan magazines and collectables." *

Florence Lawrence

""______ are set in the world of organized crime and its violent criminals."

Gangster films

"The practice of combining music with forms of visual spectacle in the Western tradition goes back at least as far as the use of choral odes in classical _____."

Greek theater

"___ are often unsteady film images produced by an individual carrying the camera. They frequently are used in news reporting and documentary cinematography or to create an unsteady frame that suggests the movements of an individual point of view."

Handheld shots

When musicals began to incorporate musical numers into the film's narrative, they became known as _____. "Here the idyllic and redemptive moments of song and dance are part of the common situations and realistic actions of the characters' everyday lives."

Integrated musicals

The ____ masks the corners of the frame with a black, usually circular form."

Iris

____ are "edits that intentionally create gaps in the action [...] This cut interrupts a particular action and intentionally or unintentionally creates discontinuities in the spatial or temporal development of shots."

Jump cuts

"As part of the usual distribution of actors through mise-en-scène, _______--the two or three actors, often stars, who represent the central characters in a narrative--play the central characters.

Leading actors

"A very common framing because of its use in conversation scenes, the ____ shows a character's head and shoulders."

Medium close-up

"Between close-ups and long shots, a ____ is a middle-ground framing in which we see the body of a person from approximately the waist up."

Medium shot

"A French term meaning, literally, 'placement in a scene' or 'onstage, ' _________ refers to all the elements of a movie scene that are organized, often by the director, to be filmed and that are later visible onscreen."

Mise-en-scène

"Every shot orchestrates four important attributes--framing, depth of field, color, and _____."

Movement

"The leading actors in many films are ______--individuals, who, because of their cultural celebrity, bring a powerful aura to their performance, making them the focal points in the mise-en-scène."

Movie stars

______ is the way that sound tells viewers what is happening in the plot."

Narrative cuing

"____ refers to the length of time used to present an event or action in a plot."

Narrative duration

"A conversation usually is established with a relatively close shot of both characters (also known as a two-shot) in a recognizable spatial orientation and context. Then the camera alternates between the speaking characters, often using _________ where the camera is positioned slightly behind and over the shoulder of one character, focusing on another character or object."

Over-the-shoulder shots

"The ___ of a film is the tempo at which it seems to move, influenced by the duration of individual shots and the style of editing."

Pace

"A ___ is a left or right rotation of the camera, whose tripod remains in a fixed position. It produces horizontal movement onscreen."

Pan

"_____--the mutual reinforcing or even the redundancy of sound and image--is the norm in Hollywood. For example, a shot of a busy street is accompanied by traffic noises, although viewers immediately understand the locale through the visuals."

Parallelism

"A more intangible yet essential part of mise-en-scène, ______ describes the actor's use of language, physical expression, and gesture to bring a character to life and to communicate important dimensions of that character to the audience."

Performance

"In cinematographic terms, ______ refers to the position from which a person, an event, or an object is seen or filmed."

Point of view

___ is "the period in the filmmaking process that occurs after principal photography has been completed, usually consisting of editing, sound, and visual effects work." *

Postproduction

"_____ designates the phase when a film project is in development, involving preparing the script, financing the project, casting, hiring crew, and securing locations."

Preproduction

"A ___ oversees each step of a film project, especially the financial aspects, from development to postproduction and a distribution deal."

Producer

"A ____ is an object that functions as a part of the set or as a tool used by the actors. [These] acquire special significance when they are used to express characters' thoughts and feelings, their powers and abilities in the world, or the primary themes of the film."

Prop

"With a ____, there is a rapid change in focus from one object to another, such as refocusing from the face of a woman to the figure of a man approaching from behind her. The effect can emphasize depth of field or avoid cutting in a dialogue scene."

Rack focus

"A ____, which depicts a character's response to something shown in a previous shot, emphasizes human perspective in a way that can be seen as standing in for the audience's own response."

Reaction shot

"_______ is an artwork's qualify of conveying a truthful picture of a society, person, or some other dimension of everyday life. It is the term most viewers use to describe the extent to which a movie creates a truthful picture."

Realism

_____ "describes the organization of editing according to different paces or tempos determined by how quickly cuts are made."

Rhythm

"In a narrative film, a ___ is comprised of one or more shots that depict a continuous space and time--such as a conversation filmed following the 180-degree rule.

Scene

"A combination of selection and artifice, _________ is the physical, cultural, and historical accuracy of the backgrounds, objects, and other figures in a film."

Scenic realism

"A ____ is often the individual who generates the idea for a narrative film, either as an original concept or as an adaptation of another source (such as a novel, true story, or comic book character).

Screenwriter

"One way to relate editing on the micro, shot-to-shot level to editing on a macro level is by _____--the process of dividing the film into large narrative units for the purpose of analysis." *

Segmentation

"A ___ is any number of shots that are unified as a coherent action (such as a walk to school) or an identifiable motif (such as the expression of anger), regardless of changes in time and space.

Sequence

A ___ is any number of shots that are unified as a coherent action (such as a walk to school) or an identifiable motif (such as the expression of anger), regardless of changes in time and space."

Sequence

"The _______ is a fictional or real place where the action and events of a film occur."

Setting

A ____ "juxtaposes two images whose dramatic difference creates a jarring effect, often accompanied by a jolt on the soundtrack."

Shock cut

This type of shot "begins with a shot of one character looking offscreen in one direction, followed by a shot of a second character who appears to be looking back. The effect is that the characters seem to be looking at each other."

Shot/reverse-shot

"______ (or re-recording) is the process by which all the elements of the soundtrack, including music, effects, and dialogue, are combined and adjusted to their final levels."

Sound mixing

_____ is the collision or overlapping of disjunctive sounds in a film. It reminds us that just as a film is built up of bits and pieces of celluloid, a soundtrack is not a continuous gush of sound from the real world but is composed of separate elements whose relationship to each other can be creatively manipulated." *

Sound montage

"Cinematographers may wear the camera on a special stabilizing mount often referred to by the trademarked name ___."

Steadicam

"_____--the recording, mixing, and playback of sound on multiple channels to create audio perspective--was promoted in the 1950s along with widescreen technologies to lure audiences away from television through an immersive sensory experience at the movies."

Stereophonic sound

"____ records inanimate objects or action human figures in different positions in separate frames and then synthesizes them on film to create the illusion of motion or action."

Stop-motion photography

"_____ play secondary characters in a film, serving as foils or companions to the central characters."

Supporting actors

"The word ____ refers to a kind of film image that demands emotional and analytical distancing from the image, which is experienced as artifice or a construction to be interpreted."

Textuality

"Talking pictures, or 'talkies,' were an instant popular phenomenon. _______, Warner Bros.' second feature film with recorded sound, released in October 1927, is credited with convincing exhibitors, critics, studios, and the public that there was no turning back."

The Jazz Singer

"Technological experiments with sound fostered competition among the studios, culminating i Warner Bros.' successful exhibition of _________, the first feature-length film with synchronized sound."

The Jazz Singer

Naturalistic mise-en-scène appears realistic and recognizable to viewers. ______ mise-en-scène denaturalizes the locations and other elements of the mise-en-scène so that its features appear unfamiliar, exaggerated, or artificial."

Theatrical mise-en-scène

"____ is a common lighting technique that uses three sources: key lighting (to illuminate the object), backlighting (to pick out the object from the background), and fill lighting (to minimize shadows)."

Three-point Lighting

"A screenwriter presents that early concept or material in a ____, a short prose description of the action of a film and major characters of the story, written before the screenplay."

Treatment

"____ are special effects created in postproduction through digital imaging."

Visual effects

A _____ is a voice that originates from a speaker who can be inferred to be present in the scene but is not currently visible."

Voice-off

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common components of musicals:

Voiceover narrates the characters' motivations through a monologue

These films "are set in the American West and typically feature rugged, independent male characters on a quest or dramatize frontier life."

Westerns

"For many historians, the beginning of cinema history proper is the first screening of August and Louis Lumiere's ________ on March 22, 1885, followed by the public screening of this and other films by the brothers in Paris on December 18, 1885."

Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory

"The early 1920s saw a series of ____ and ____ scandals involving Hollywood stars, and calls for censorship became widespread." *

sex and drug

"Stylistically, early cinema was characterized by the shift from _________ to multiple shots and the early elaboration of __________ form."

single; narrative