Intro into Corrections Chapter 3

Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to : A) the offender. B) the victim. C) the offender's family. D) none of these.

B. The Victim

A sentence of exactly five years in prison is an example of a(n): A) mandatory sentence. B) indeterminate sentence. C) flat sentence. D) presumptive sentence.

C. Flat Sentence

he use of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes is called: A) rehabilitation. B) incapacitation. C) general deterrence. D) retribution.

C. General Deterrence

A punishment must be ________ in order to serve as effective deterrence. A) swift B) severe C) certain D) all of these

D. All the above

Sentences that are served together are called: A) concurrent sentences. B) flat sentences. C) unconstitutional sentences. D) consecutive sentences.

A. Concurrent Sentences

Sentences served one after the other are called: A) consecutive sentences. B) repeat time. C) concurrent sentences. D) flat time.

A. Consecutive Sentences

The ________ is a law that allows a person's criminal history to be considered at sentencing or makes it possible for a person convicted of a given offense and previously convicted of another specified offense to receive a more severe penalty than that for the current offense alone. A) Habitual offender statute B) Federal Fair Sentencing Act (FSA) C) Fair Sentencing Clarification Act (FSCA) D) Determinate sentencing law (DSL)

A. Habitual Offender Status

The expression "an eye for an eye" refers to: A) rehabilitation. B) retribution. C) deterrence. D) incapacitation.

A. Rehabilitation

The process of changing criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by "correcting" the behavior of offenders through treatment, education, and training is called: A) rehabilitation. B) specific deterrence. C) incapacitation. D) general deterrence

A. Rehabilitation

Which of the following philosophies of punishment would be most likely to allow victim-impact statements? A) Restorative justice B) Specific deterrence C) Rehabilitation D) Incapacitation

A. Restorative Justice

Francis T. Cullen and Paul Gendreau have called for: A) a strong deterrence model. B) a strong rehabilitation model. C) a strong just deserts model. D) a strong retribution model.

B. A strong rehabilitation model

The concept of just deserts de-emphasizes the emotional component of revenge by claiming that criminal acts are ________ of punishment. A) considerate B) deserving C) artifacts D) precursors

B. Deserving

A sentence with a fixed term of incarceration that can be reduced by good time is called a(n): A) presumptive sentence. B) determinate sentence. C) indeterminate sentence. D) mandatory sentence.

B. Determinate sentence

According to Cullen and Gendreau, rehabilitation: A) produces few real changes in offender attitudes. B) fails when it's ill-conceived and/or not implemented as designed. C) works very well only with murderers. D) works well in treatment centers but not in prison.

B. Fails when it's ill conceived and/or not implemented as designed.

The number of days or months prison authorities deduct from a sentence for good behavior is called: A) free time. B) good time. C) out days. D) free days.

B. Good Time

Sentences that judges are expected to follow unless they document reasons for departing from the guidelines are known as ________. A) indeterminate sentences B) presumptive sentences C) mandatory sentences D) flat sentences

B. Presumptive Sentences

The imposition of sentences required by statute for those convicted of a particular crime or a particular crime with special circumstances is called: A) mandatory minimum sentencing. B) presumptive sentencing. C) voluntary sentencing. D) indeterminate sentencing.

B. Presumptive Sentencing

Punishment as vengeance is also called: A) rehabilitation. B) revenge. C) restitution. D) incapacitation.

B. Revenge

A sentence in which a judge specifies a maximum length and a minimum length and an administrative agency determines the actual time of release is called a(n) ________. A) flat sentence B) presumptive sentence C) indeterminate sentence D) mandatory sentence

C. Indeterminate Sentence

The concepts of retribution and just deserts are: A) present oriented. B) future oriented. C) past oriented. D) none of these.

C. Past Oriented

The control of offenders in the community under strict conditions, by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer whose caseload is generally limited to 30 offenders, is called ________. A) mandatory minimum sentencing B) intensive supervision probation C) remote-location monitoring D) truth-in-sentencing

C. Remote -Location Monitoring

Payments made by a criminal offender to his or her victim as compensation for the harm caused by the offense are called: A) fines. B) bail. C) restitution. D) bonds.

C. Restitution

_______ means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done. A) Incapacitation B) Deterrence C) Retribution D) Rehabilitation

C. Retribution

If you punish a person seeking to change that person's behavior, it is called: A) general deterrence. B) universal deterrence. C) specific deterrence. D) incapacitation.

C. Specific Deterrence

When a judge delays a defendant's serving of a sentence after he or she has been convicted or found guilty in order to allow the defendant to perform a period of community supervision, it is referred to as a(n) ________. A) straight sentence B) intermediate sanction C) suspended sentence D) sentencing enhancement

C. Suspended Sentence

The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called: A) the satisfaction principle. B) profit motive. C) the pleasure-pain principle. D) the happiness principle.

C. The pleasure-pain principle

When a person is convicted of multiple offenses, a judge might impose a sentence of 10 years for one offense and 20 years for the other offense, so the offender would serve 30 years. This type of sentencing is called: A) just deserts sentencing. B) real-time sentencing. C) concurrent sentencing. D) consecutive sentencing.

D. Consecutive Sentencing

The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called: A) incapacitation. B) rehabilitation. C) just deserts. D) deterrence.

D. Deterrence

A sentence that specifies a given amount of time to be served in custody and allows little or no variation from the time specified is called a(n): A) indeterminate sentence. B) mandatory sentence. C) indefinite sentence. D) flat sentence.

D. Flat Sentence

The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender's capability to commit future crimes is called: A) general deterrence. B) specific deterrence. C) rehabilitation. D) incapacitation.

D. Incapacitiation

Which of the following punishment philosophies considers criminal offenders to be morally blameworthy and deserving of punishment? A) Deterrence B) Rehabilitation C) Incapacitation D) Just deserts

D. Just Deserts

Sentences that are required by law under certain circumstances are referred to as: A) flat sentences. B) indefinite sentences. C) indeterminate sentences. D) mandatory sentences.

D. Mandatory Sentences

The process of returning all those involved in or affected by crime, including victims, offenders, and society, to their previous condition is called: A) universal deterrence. B) restoration. C) incapacitation. D) rehabilitation.

D. Rehabilitation

The process of making an offender a productive memberof the community is called: A) incapacitation. B) retribution. C) just deserts. D) reintegration.

D. Reintegration

A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called: A) deterrence. B) rehabilitation. C) incapacitation. D) retribution.

D. Retribution

Legislatively approved provisions that mandate longer prison terms for specific criminal offenses committed under certain circumstances are called ________. 1) A) presumptive sentences B) judicial sentences C) intermediate sanctions D) sentencing enhancements

D. Sentencing Enhancements

Statutes that impose mandatory prison sentences, generally a life sentence, on those convicted of an offense if they have been previously convicted of two prior serious criminal offenses are called ________. A) intermediate sanctions B) sentencing enhancements C) sentencing commissions D) three-strikes laws

D. Three-strike laws