Intro to Architecture Test 3

Mastabas.

Earlier burial "mounds" that pre-dated the pyramids were

Transept.

Identify the area indicated (part 4) on the plan drawing of St. Foy, a Romanesque/Gothic period church.

the Age of Enlightenment.

Not satisfied with the super-scales and ostentatious Baroque/Rococo churches, architects sought an architecture that promoted social responsibility and classical education. This period was known as

Windsor, Florida and Kentlands, Maryland.

Other examples of towns that follow the principles of New Urbanism include

Bracing against wind loads.

The diagonal braces on the building shown serve what purpose?

Constantine.

The first Roman ruler to embrace Christianity was

Seaside, Florida (+/- 1980).

The first new town to follow the principles of New Urbanism was

Skara Brae.

An early (circa 2500BC to 1500BC) village of 10 stone dwellings in northern Scotland was

Catal Huyuk.

An early (circa 6500BC) city of 10,000 people in Turkey was

Imhotep.

An early Egyptian architect who developed stone architecture and who is considered to be the inventor of the pyramids was

the Hearth.

An early indicator of human social gathering and community was

False

An example of a successful Modern design with respect to the climate was Le Corbusier's Salvation Army Hostel (Cite' de Refuge).

Cities.

As early man began to control the cultivation of grain, there was less need to be nomadic hunters and gatherers. Dwellings began to be permanently built in one location. This was the beginning of

True

Baroque and Rococo architects favored shaping light-filled spaces with brilliant color and sensuous detail, and with little regard to the fundamental structure of architecture.

the Venturi Effect

By manipulating the sizes of openings in a building, an architect can create positive and negative air pressures that generate or induce natural ventilation. This phenomenon is known as

True

Churches in the Medieval (Romanesque) period were frequently named after saints, whose relics were enshrined in the church.

Nave.

Identify the area indicated (part 2) on the plan drawing of St. Foy, a Romanesque/Gothic period church.

Aisles.

Identify the area indicated (part 3) on the plan drawing of St. Foy, a Romanesque/Gothic period church.

The John Hancock Building, Chicago. - S.O.M.

Identify the building shown. (Diagonal Braces)

Table Stone at Lanyon Quoit - Cornwall, England.

Identify the drawing shown.

Stonehenge - Salisbury, England.

Identify the structure shown in the drawing.

Buddy Holly's "Not Fade Away".

In 1972, the Grateful Dead performed in front of the Great Pyramids at Giza. Appropriately, the song set included

False

In POSITIVE support of Modernism, Rovert Venturi wrote "Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture".

85 degrees.

In Tampa, Florida (28 degrees North Latitude), at noon on June 21st, the altitude of the Sun above the horizon will be

symbolically represents upper Egypt and lower Egypt in its organization and motifs.

In addition to being Zoser's tomb, the Stepped Pyramid complex

deeply recessed openings covered with perforated screens.

Islamic architects provided light and ventilation into their mosques by providing

True

Le Corbusier's "Brise-Soleils" solar controls is an example of a Passive Solar design strategy.

Pritzger Prize.

The "Nobel Type" Prize for architecture is called the

Innundation, Emergence, and Drought.

The "seasons of the year in Egypt may be best described as

Basilica.

The Roman building type that was chosen as the most suitable model for Christian churches was the

Senmut.

The Tomb of Queen Hatshetsut was designed by the architect

False

The United States Embassy in New Delhi, India by Edward Durell Stone (1958) totally ignored the climate and used a modern air conditioning system to cool the building.

+/- 52 degrees.

The angle of most pyramids is

Imhotep.

The architect of the Stepped Pyramid for the Pharaoh Zoser was

Hagia Sophia.

The beginning of Gothic Architecture may be traced back to the Crusades; returning crusaders inspired their masters, lords and kings to build larger, light-filled churches, having visited

Eclecticism.

The new found awareness of the Greek and Roman antiquities brough about an architecture that adapted Greek and Roman architecture to meet the needs of the 18th century. This was referred to as

Azimuth and Altitude

The position of the sun in the sky is defined by the

True

When the Greeks visited Egypt, they considered the pyramids to be ancient.

Sacred grove of trees (Temonos): Wood structure symbolizing tree trunks and canopy: Conversion from wood to stone structure: Stone structure.

Which series of terms best describes the evolution of the Greek temple.

Less is more.

Which statement might best summarize the work of Mies van der Rohe?

Less is a bore.

Which statement might best summarize the work of Robert Venturi?

Humanist ideals. Rational forms.

Which word(s) or phrase best describes the architecture of he Renaissance era?

Permenance.

Which word(s) or phrase best describes the architecture of the Egyptian Era?

Basic shelter, then symbolism.

Which word(s) or phrase best describes the architecture of the pre-historic period?

Excellence, Perfection.

Which word(s) or phrases best describe the architecture of the Greek era?

Terra Amata.

While early humanoids originally sought shelter in caves, he earliest known human constructed dwelling was

True

While the Anasazi peoples' cliff dwellings helped to protect them from their enemies, the dwellings were sited to take advantage of the overhanging cliffs to control the amount of sun exposure in the summer and winter seasons.

Mastabas

Zoser's Stepped Pyramid was probably designed as ________ Stacked on top of one another.

Propylon.

Identify part 1, as indicated on the plan drawing of Old St. Peters.

Atrium, Court or Fore-court.

Identify part 2, as indicated on the plan drawing of Old St. Peters.

Narthex.

Identify part 3, as indicated on the plan drawing of Old St. Peters.

Nave.

Identify part 4, as indicated on the plan drawing of Old St. Peters.

Aisles.

Identify part 5, as indicated on the plan drawing of Old St. Peters.

Apse.

Identify part 7, as indicated on the plan drawing of Old St. Peters.

Clerestory Windows and Light Holes.

Interior spaces of the later Egyptian Temples were naturally lighted by the use of

It was NOT a religious building type, so it had no pagan symbols, it could house large congregations, and its axial alignment focused on the altar.

The reasons that the Basilica building type was chosen as the most suitable model for Christian churches included:

False

The sun ALWAYS rises directly in the East, and ALWAYS sets directly in the West.

New Urbanism.

The term used to define recent trends in city and urban planning that respect the ideas found in "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" - Jane Jacobs (1961) is

Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, now DPZ Architects

The town planners for the town of Seaside were

the collapse of another pyramid that was under construction. The architect then changed the formula to a less steep angle.

The unique shape of the Bent Pyramid was the result of

Mastery of space. Mastery of Engineering.

Which word(s) or phrases best describe the architecture of the Roman era?

True

"Modernism" and the "international Style" are synonymous terms for the European architecture that was inspired by the Bauhaus and Le Corbusier.

The Pantheon, Rome.

A building example that utilizes its form and external openings to create positive and negative air pressures that induce natural ventilation is

a Ziggurat.

A man-made, step-shaped mountain is called

Height = (4 x Diameter) x (# of Rotations).

According to some theories, most pyramids were built using a cylindrical drum and the mathematical formula

Height = (3 x Diameter) x (# of Rotations).

According to some theories, the Red Pyramid was built using a cylindrical drum and the mathematical formula

the stone uprights at Carnac, France.

After satisfying their need for shelter, early humanoids began to express symbolism in their built structures. Evidence of this can be found in

the cave paintings at Lascaux, France.

After satisfying their need for shelter, early pre-historic humanoids began to express themselves with symbolic images. Evidence of this can be found in

high mass materials to slow down heat absorption and to allow night-time heat radiation

Dwellings in hot, desert regions with a large day to night temperature swing typically were constructed with

had small windows to provide a refuge/protection from barbarian invaders and modeled their details after the age-eroded Roman details.

Early Medieval (Romanesque) churches on the outer fringes of the Holy Roman Empire

Gods or Demi-gods, Confidants.

Egyptian architects were considered to be

Deeply recessed balconies with "light shelves", and cross ventilation through each unit.

Energy efficient design features of Le Corbusier's Unite de Habitatione, Marseilles, France (1948) include

True

Evidence suggests that the Table Stone structure may have been an earthen burial chamber that, over time, has eroded away to expose the stones.

14 hours of daylight and 10 hours of darkness

For Tampa, Florida, the Summer Solstice has

True

Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House (1909) used long roof overhangs to prevent the sun from entering the windows during the summer months.

Pylon.

Given the Egyptian Temple below, identify area 2.

Atrium, Court or Fore-Court.

Given the Egyptian Temple below, identify area 3.

Great Hall, Hypostyle Hall.

Given the Egyptian Temple below, identify area 4.

Sekos or Sanctuary.

Given the Egyptian Temple below, identify area 5.

the vertical weathered grooves in the cliff face into which the tomb was built.

Hatshetsut's Tomb design echoed

the maximum conversational distance.

Maximum front building setbacks (from the public walkway to the front porch) for residential areas of Seaside, Florida were determined by

Le Corbusier's "5 Points of the New Architecture".

Pilotis, Ribbon Windows, Rooftop Gardens, Free Plan and the Independence of Structure and Enclosure are

True

Primitive societies designed and built their structures to respond to the effects of the environment.

The Taj Mahal.

Rather than show slides of buildings to illustrate Chapter 8 - "Economics", we saw a brief video. John Kenneth Galbraith said "The most economical building is the one that promises to give the greatest total pleasure for the price." What building was he referring to?

Bauhaus.

Rejecting the ideas of the Eighteenth Century architects (Eclecticism, Revivalism, etc.), Walter Gropius proposed a new methodology for teaching future architects and established a new school of architecture called the

the allignment of the pyramids in a North-South, East-West axis.

Respect for the Nile River, and respect for the rising and setting of the sun is evident in

Jacobs' House, the "Solar Hemi-cycle" - Frank Lloyd Wright (1948).

South facing glass with a large roof overhang, bermed earth on the north side, concrete floors and stone walls, minimal interior partitions, and a semi-circular floor plan that followed the sun's path are some of the environmental control elements employed in what building?