Intro to Corrections Chapter 2
Jeremy Bentham, who was an eighteenth century philosopher, argued that immoral people (criminals) deserved punishment that was equally depraved, even if the punishment did not benefit the general welfare.
False.
One reason that deterrence effectively discourages and prevents criminal behavior is that humans have similar understandings of what is severe and what is mild punishment.
False.
Selective incapacitation favors broad use of imprisonment as a way to achieve large gains in crime prevention by locking away even minor offenders.
False.
Specific deterrence occurs when punishment is applied to an offender with the goal of discouraging others who hear about the punishment from committing a crime.
False.
The primary goal of the restorative justice philosophy is to
Make the victim and community whole again.
Which punishment philosophy relies on the core assumptions that people are rational, calculating, individuals using free will to achieve pleasure and avoid pain?
Deterrence.
One criticism of restorative justice is that it can promote __________ by perpetuating existing social inequities.
Discrimination.
This concept is expressed when society treats similar crimes and similar criminals alike.
Equity.
Under which incarnation of rehabilitation is criminality considered similar to an illness that can be diagnosed and treated?
Rehabilitation as individualized treatment.
Which program helps inmates understand the victimization facts and the plight of victims' rights and greatly improves their sensitivity levels?
Victim-impact classes.
What the offender deserves is to retribution as what the victim deserves is to
Restoration.
Retribution can be distinguished from revenge in each of the following ways EXCEPT
Retribution is a form of individual retaliation for a wrong done.
Because this punishment philosophy does not require punishment to achieve some goal or objective, it is very difficult to argue with one of its proponents that the philosophy doesn't "work."
Retribution.
Generally speaking, under __________ incapacitation people are sentenced to prison based on their personal characteristics, whereas under __________ incapacitation people are sentenced to prison based on characteristics of their crime.
Selective / General.
Under which type of incapacitation would the policy be to reserve imprisonment for only those offenders needing to be locked away for society's protection?
Selective.
The observation that essentially all prisoners return to live in free society is called __________.
The iron law of imprisonment.
Calling punishment as "a natural response to a wrongful act" best describes
The norm of reciprocity.
A criminal is more likely to be deterred by seeing a police officer with handcuffs and a radio than through the passage of a new law increasing penalties.
True.
Nigel Walker's example of how retributionists perceive proportionality is illustrated using
Two ladders intersected by a rod.
Which of the key requirements for an effective deterrence system is problematic because it is reasonably achieved only if citizens are willing to be constantly monitored?
Certainty.
__________ was an 18th century Italian criminologist who believed that punishment should be used only for good.
Cesare Beccaria
Deterrence is the act of discouraging future criminal acts by both the
Offender and others in the population.
Hanging a horse thief to ensure he doesn't steal any other horses expresses this philosophy.
Specific deterrence.
Which of the following is an example of incapacitation through technology?
All of the above are examples of incapacitation through technology.
Hanging a horse thief to discourage others from stealing horses expresses this philosophy.
General deterrence.