Intro to Human Comm.

Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of the Schramm Model we discussed in class? a) A channel b) A communicator c) A concept d) A message

b) A communicator

The quote, "Where all men think alike, no one thinks very much," is attributed to a) George Gerbner. b) Walter Lippmann c) Albert Bandura d) Emily Ranger

b) Walter Lippmann

Aristotle referred to what we call ____________ as "non-artistic proofs." a) Two-sided messages b) Credibility c) Evidence d) One-sided messages

c) Evidence

The metaphor "human personalities are onions" is most closely related to a) Uncertainty Reduction Theory b) Politeness Theory c) Social Penetration Theory d) Relational Dialectics Theory

c) Social Penetration Theory

According to Dr. George Gerbner, _____________ is the dominant force in shaping our modern society. a) The internet b) Violence c) Television d) Social learning

c) Television

Sharleen is a manager of a local bank. She is a domineering leader, and often bullies her employees into agreeing with her opinion. During a recent staff meeting during which they discussed employees working overtime, Sharleen made it clear she expected all her employees to work one overtime hour each day. All of her employees voted to accept this proposal, even though several did not agree with it. This example is more closely associated with a) Stereotyping opponents negatively b) Unquestioned morality c) The illusion of unanimity d) The presence of mindguards

c) The illusion of unanimity

According to Dr. Gerbner in The Electronic Storyteller, the first major change in the process of human storytelling is a) The writing of the Holy Bible b) The writing of Aesop's fables c) The invention of the printing press d) The discovery by early European explorers that other groups of humans spoke other languages.

c) The invention of the printing press

Interviews, focus groups, ethnography, and textual analysis are all types of a) Inferential statistics b) Experiments c) Quantitative research methods d) Qualitative research methods

d) Qualitative research methods

__________ refers to consistency in measurement over time. a) Validity b) Setting c) Inferential d) Reliability

d) Reliability

Launa is a reporter and anchorperson at a television station in Cheyenne. Last week, she was assigned to cover a story about a petition being circulated on Facebook to build a new park in the Cheyenne area. To write the story, she interviewed the person who created the online petition, which allowed both people who are on Facebook and those who are not to learn about it. This example is most closely related to a) Social Learning Theory b) The Spiral of Silence c) Cultivation Theory d) Reverse Agenda-Setting

d) Reverse Agenda-Setting

The symptom of Groupthink in which group members keep criticisms to themselves is called a) Unquestioned morality b) Collective rationalization c) The presence of mindguards d) Self-censorship

d) Self-censorship

When we use our symbols to stress that which we have in common (for example, when we wear Pokes gear to demonstrate our connection to UW), we are engaging in a form of identification called a) Antithesis b) Logology c) Vicarious identification d) Similarity

d) Similarity

Dough is a 6th grade student at a local junior high school. Every day after school, he hangs out with his friends in a nearby park. Last week, one of his friends, Carson, had a pack of cigarettes that he'd stolen from his mom's purse. Carson gave all his friends in the group a cigarette. Dough didn't want to smoke, but he felt peer pressure to do so, which we call a) Compliance-gaining b) Leadership c) Persuasive communication d) Social influence

d) Social influence

Craig is an avid snowboarder and a UW student. Last Friday, his buddies invited him to skip classes and go to Breckenridge to snowboard. Craig really wanted to go but he was worried about what his parents would think if they knew he had not gone to all of his Friday classes. This situation is most closely related to a) Social Judgment Theory b) Message Characteristics c) Cognitive Dissonance d) The Theory of Reasoned Action

d) The Theory of Reasoned Action

The idea that the media can serve as a catalyst for policy making by forcing both the public and the government to examine issues they deem important is described by a) Cultivation theory b) Marxist thinking c) Social learning theory d) The agenda setting theory

d) The agenda setting theory

According to Dr. Gerbner in The Electronic Storyteller, the second major change in the process of human storytelling is a) The elimination of physical libraries across American college campuses b) The invention of the typewriter c) The creation of graphic novels (such as comic books) that told stories using pictures and words. d) The electronic revolution

d) The electronic revolution

Aristotle's ideal of persuasive speaking was a) To emphasize the use of a culture's "god words." b) To emphasize the use of pathos. c) Incorporating strong rhetorical visions into a message d) The good man speaking well

d) The good man speaking well

In class, we discussed the ways we sometimes change our communication styles to adapt to the person/s we are talking to without any effort from others to influence that change. Some examples we discussed included communicating with elderly people or with small children. This change is an example of a) A behavioral consequence b) A relational consequence c) A dialectical consequence d) A perceptual consequence

a) A behavioral consequence

As Dr. Landholm is preparing to conduct his study on nonverbal communication, he writes: "Women use nonverbal communication more often than men do." This is an example do a) A hypothesis b) A variable c) A context d) A construct

a) A hypothesis

In the Triangle of Meaning (Ogden & Richards), an object in reality is called a) A referent b) A symbol c) A reference d) A code

a) A referent

Mary is a Marketing major here at UW. This semester, she is taking a class from Professor Eckmann, whom she has never taken a class from before. As the beginning of the semester approached, she asked several of her friends and classmates who had taken classes taught by Professor Eckmann what he was like and how he taught. In this example, Mary is using a/an a) Active strategy b) Passive strategy c) Transitive strategy d) Interactive strategy

a) Active strategy

Which of the following is NOT one of the functional requisites required by the Functional Theory of Decision Making? a) Communication shifting from a task focus to a social focus b) Evaluation of positive and negative qualities associated with alternative choices c) Establishment of goals and objectives d) Identifying alternative realistic proposals

a) Communication shifting from a task focus to a social focus

Charles is a student in COJO 1040. When he attends class and listens to lecture, he works hard to convert what is being said into thoughts, images, and ideas in his own head. In this example, Charles is engaged in a) Encoding b) Dialecticaling c) Decoding d) Theorizing

a) Encoding

Makayla recently started a new job at a local job. During her first few days of work, she closely observed her boss as well as her coworkers to determine what kind of people they were and how they would act, because she knew she would be working with them in the future. This scenario is most closely related to a) Face management b) Uncertainty Reduction Theory c) Social Penetration Theory d) Politeness Theory

a) Face management

In The Electronic Storyteller, Dr. Gerbner explicitly supports a Marxist view of the mass media when he states that a) Human storytelling was done face-to-face for many centuries. b) Large media corporations don't have much to say but have a lot to sell. c) Poverty is not a cause of problems in American inner-cities. d) Exposure to violent media can make young people act in violent ways.

a) Human storytelling was done face-to-face for many centuries.

When the children in Bandura's Bobo experiment hit and yelled at the doll, they were exhibiting a) Imitation b) Identification c) Mediated hate d) Agenda setting

a) Imitation

Media effects theories that look at media and audiences as groups, that do not attempt to account for difference across the media or across various audience groups, and that attempt to generalize their findings are called a) Macroscopic b) Limited effects perspectives c) Microscopic d) Selective use theories

a) Macroscopic

In class, we discussed astrology (the practice of observing the positions of stars in the sky and using that information to make decisions) and phrenology (the practice of measuring the bumps on a person's head to analyze their personality) as examples of a) Methods used to study human communication. b) The objective approach to understanding the world. c) Old paradigms that have been thrown out in favor of other ways to understand our world. d) The debate about whether scholars should allow their values to guide their research.

a) Methods used to study human communication.

Groupthink a) Occurs when group members are deeply involved in a cohesive "in-group." b) Occurs when group members fail to engage in the performing stage. c) Occurs when groups are able to make better decisions than individuals working alone. d) All of the above are correct

a) Occurs when group members are deeply involved in a cohesive "in-group."

When we evaluate communication theories, we examine if they explain phenomena in a way that is simple but still accurate and detailed. This is the quality we call a) Parsimony b) Falsifiability c) Utility d) Heurism

a) Parsimony

Of the three artistic proofs, Aristotle and other classic rhetorical theorists were most wary of the use of __________ in persuasion. a) Pathos b) Ethos c) Emotionos d) Logos

a) Pathos

Our collection of social skills whose goal it is to ensure everyone feels affirmed in social interaction is called a) Politeness b) A face-threatening act c) Using an active strategy d) Presenting our public identity

a) Politeness

Messages aimed at influencing the opinions of other people, rather than impartially providing information, and that deliberately evoke strong emotion are called a) Propaganda b) Advertisements c) Debates d) Pamphlets

a) Propaganda

The Magic Bullet Theory a) Sees the media like a gun, able to "fire" a message into the minds of audience members. b) Sees the media as weak and unable to influence the thinking of large groups of people c) Assumes humans possess individual differences that affect how they interpret media messages. d) All of the above are correct

a) Sees the media like a gun, able to "fire" a message into the minds of audience members.

As discussed in class, truth is most closely related to the _________, while Truth is most closely related to the __________. a) Subjective approach; objective approach b) Determinism; nominalist view c) Realism approach; interpretive view d) Scientific method; humanistic approach

a) Subjective approach; objective approach

The Payne Fund Studies conducted in the late 1920's and early 1930's were concerned with the effects of _________ on children. a) Television b) Radio c) Motion picture d) Newspapers

a) Television

The example I used in class as a historical instance of Groupthink was a) The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's b) The Challenger disaster. c) The invention of the Ford Model-T. d) The invasion of Normandy during World War II.

a) The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's

Cause and effect relationships, determinism, and the scientific method are most closely related to a) The objective approach b) An interpretive view c) The subjective approach d) Critical theory

a) The objective approach

Which of the following statements best summarizes the Triangle of Meaning (Ogden & Richards)? a) There are many elements (parts) to a conversation that we can analyze piece by piece. b) Persuasive messages can be scientifically analyzed to determine how attitude change happens. c) The human communication discipline is a blend of many social science perspectives. d) The meaning we assign to our symbols is ascribed, or human-made.

a) There are many elements (parts) to a conversation that we can analyze piece by piece.

The function of media that occurs the most, but that is recognized the least, is a) Transmission of culture b) Entertainment c) Explanation (correlation) d) Information (surveillance)

a) Transmission of culture

In class, I showed images of sit-ins from the Civil Rights Movement, protests against the Vietnam War, and protests from the Occupy Wall Street movement as examples of a) Vicarious identification b) The use of logos when attempting to influence members of a society c) Diatribe d) Fantasies that help us to understand the world around us

a) Vicarious identification

Jamie is a huge fan of Lady Gaga. She downloads her songs, visits her webpage, is friends with her on Facebook, and follows her on Twitter. This is an example of a) Vicarious identification b) Antithesis c) Rhetorical vision d) Narrative rationality

a) Vicarious identification

As he stated in The Electronic Storyteller, Dr. George Gerbner teachers us that the three types of stories that are woven together in the invisible web of culture are stories about a) What things are; how things work; what to do about them. b) Ourselves; others; how we interact together c) How we think; how we act; how our attitude impact our behaviors d) The invention of the printing press; the invention of electronic media; the invention of the Internet.

a) What things are; how things work; what to do about them.

Which of the following if NOT one of the assumptions behind Cognitive Dissonance Theory? a) When cognitive inconsistency is present, people experience psychological discomfort. b) A person's intention is a poor indicator of their cognitive behavior c) Cognitive discomfort motivates people to resolve inconsistency and restore cognitive balance d) People have a need for cognitive consistency

b) A person's intention is a poor indicator of their cognitive behavior

The process of encoding is most closely associated with a) Relational consequences b) A sender perspective c) A receiver perspective d) Accidental communication

b) A sender perspective

In class, we discussed the idea that some people believe in creationism, while others believe in evolution, depending on which sounds more true to them. This is an example of a) "god words" and "devil words" b) A story/narrative c) Vicarious identification d) The process if chaining out

b) A story/narrative

When we use symbols to stand for other "stuff" in our reality, we are a) Defying the traditional use of logos, ethos, and pathos. b) Assigning meaning and value c) Relating to the absolute, objective reality that makes up our world. d) Simply describing what that "stuff" is and how it looks.

b) Assigning meaning and value

___________ refers to the role values play in research and theory. a) Epistemology b) Axiology c) Valuology d) Ontology

b) Axiology

When we construct a message with no attempt to minimize the threat of the hearer's face, we call it a/an a) Negative politeness strategy b) Bald on record strategy c) Off record strategy d) Positive politeness strategy

b) Bald on record strategy

As quoted by Dr. George Gerbner in The Electronic Storyteller, Scottish patriot Andrew Fletcher once said: "If a person were able to write the _________ of a country, he would not need to care who makes the laws." a) Constitutions b) Ballads c) Calendars d) Schedules

b) Ballads

As discussed in The Mean World Syndrome, television writers experience censorship in the form of a) Being told by politicians in Washington D.C. to avoid controversial topics b) Being told by their bosses to "put in more action" and "cut out complicated solutions." c) Being told by parent groups to take violent content out of televised plots. d) Being told by consumers in foreign markets to limit the amount of violence in televised plots.

b) Being told by their bosses to "put in more action" and "cut out complicated solutions."

In class, I showed examples of ___________ when discussing Cognitive Dissonance Theory a) Advertisements for barrack Obama and Mike Huckabee b) Cigarette packaging from overseas c) Anti-bullying images d) Persuasive statements from Plato and Aristotle

b) Cigarette packaging from overseas

Special concepts created by social scientists to help explain human behavior are called a) Research b) Constructs c) Measurements d) Surveys

b) Constructs

When a scholar begins with expectations about how a communication process works or what concepts are related to each other, he/she is building theory ___________; when a scholar avoids using preexisting concepts to determine what he/she is looking for, he/she is building theory _________. a) Predictively; nonpredictively b) Deductively; inductively c) Typologistically; deductively d) Inductively; nonpredictively

b) Deductively; inductively

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions made about Small Group Communication? a) Group members share a common goal b) Groups consist of 2-20 people c) Group members are interdependent d) All of the above are assumptions made about Small Group Communication

b) Groups consist of 2-20 people

Aristotle's opinion of rhetoric was more positive than Plato's because a) He thought writing was a more effective form of communication than public speaking. b) He thought relativism was a good way to understand the world c) He thought rhetoric was a more democratic approach than Plato's stance.

b) He thought relativism was a good way to understand the world

Which of the following is NOT one of the Relational Dialectics? a) Expression and Privacy b) Intimacy and Closedness c) Integration and Separation d) Stability and Change

b) Intimacy and Closedness

The reason that Two-Step Flow Theory is considered part of the Limited Effects Perspective is because a) It demonstrates that the Magic Bullet Theory was a correct assessment of the power of the media to influence audience members b) It demonstrates how other aspects of our lives, such as our interpersonal relationships with others, can limit the power of the media to influence us. c) It demonstrates how newspapers are no longer an influential medium in today's world. d) It demonstrates how limits on the amount of media (such as television) that children consume can be beneficial to their upbringing.

b) It demonstrates how other aspects of our lives, such as our interpersonal relationships with others, can limit the power of the media to influence us.

Aristotle's three artistic proofs are a) Arguments, claims, and conclusions b) Logos, ethos, and pathos c) Ethos, pathos, and conclusions, d) Logos, ethos, and emotions

b) Logos, ethos, and pathos

The use of technology to enable to dissemination of a message to a large, diverse, widespread set of recipients is called a) The macroscopic view b) Mass communication c) Public communication d) The microscopic view

b) Mass communication

Marx believed that that _________, defined as the division of labor and resources, dictated everything else that happened in a society. a) Superstructure b) Material conditions c) Processing of information d) Communication process

b) Material conditions

The different between Media Effects research and Cultivation research is a) Media effects research looks at all forms of media; Cultivation research only looks at written forms of media, such as newspapers and magazines. b) Media effects research is focused on a "before and after" effect of exposure to media; Cultivation research is focused on the impact of years of exposure to media. c) Media effects research is concerned with light viewers of television; Cultivation research of concerned with heavy viewers of television. d) Media effects research takes a limited effects perspective; Cultivation research takes a power effects perspective

b) Media effects research is focused on a "before and after" effect of exposure to media; Cultivation research is focused on the impact of years of exposure to media.

In qualitative research, data takes the form of _____________; in quantitative research, date takes the form of ____________. a) Constructs; concepts b) Narratives, words, quotes, texts, or other kinds of discourse; numbers c) Subjectivity; objectivity d) Variables; hypotheses

b) Narratives, words, quotes, texts, or other kinds of discourse; numbers

Lucy is a student in COJO 1040. She attends class regularly, but she notices that she's often hungry during class, as it meets the hour before she typically eats lunch. Sometimes, her hunger makes it difficult for her to take notes and pay attention to lecture. According to the Schramm Model, Lucy is experiencing a) Encoding b) Noise c) A channel d) Sending and receiving

b) Noise

In class, I showed a video featuring Sarah McLachlan asking for donations to an animal protection group as an example of a) Logos b) Pathos c) Ethos d) A commonplace

b) Pathos

According to Tuckman's Group Development Theory, conflict during small group interaction is seen as a) Positive, because it allows the members with the "biggest personalities" to establish themselves as leaders. b) Positive, because the group can deal with it in a productive manner, and when problems arise later in the process, the group can revert back to rules and roles previously established. c) Negative, because group members need to work together instead of arguing with one another d) Negative, because too much conflict leads small groups to engage in Groupthink, limiting their ability to make a high quality decision.

b) Positive, because the group can deal with it in a productive manner, and when problems arise later in the process, the group can revert back to rules and roles previously established.

The magic bullet theory (also known as the hypodermic needle theory) is part of the a) Limited effects perspective b) Powerful effects perspective c) Cultivation perspective d) Microscopic perspective

b) Powerful effects perspective

The three elements that comprise that Triangle of Meaning (Ogden & Richards) are a) Symbol, gesture, and reference. b) Referent, reference, and symbol. c) Referent, reference, and model. d) Reference, symbol, and resources.

b) Referent, reference, and symbol.

Elliott is a Zoology major who is very interested in preserving habitat for Wyoming's wildlife. On Monday morning, as he was getting ready for class, he heard a story on the local news about efforts to stop oil drilling in an area with a large elk population. He remembered several of the details of the news story, and he later told his friends about the story he had heard. This example is most closely related to a) Selective Perception b) Selection Retention c) Direct Media Effects d) The Spiral of Silence

b) Selection Retention

According to Social Penetration Theory, ____________ is a measure of intimacy in interpersonal relationships. a) Ability to predict future behavior b) Self-disclosure c) Avoidance of Face Threatening Acts (FTAs) d) Balancing opposing tensions

b) Self-disclosure

As stated in the Electronic Storyteller, the television is on an average of ________ hours per day in American home. a) Three b) Seven c) Ten d) Fourteen

b) Seven

Ancient Greek teachers who taught rhetorical methods including analyzing poetry, defining parts of speech, using argumentation styles, and the use of commonplaces were called a) Pleaders b) Sophists c) Patrons d) Athenians

b) Sophists

The __________ believes reality and meaning we are always personal and affected by the society that contains them. a) Realism approach b) Subjective approach c) Objective approach d) Deterministic approach

b) Subjective approach

Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of Marx's Superstructure? a) The church b) The government c) The family d) The school

b) The government

Plato defined relativism as a) Communicating only with those you are genetically related to (your relatives). b) There being no "true" or "right" way to think or act, only what we can be convinced of through rhetoric. c) The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. d) Claims or conclusions, supported by reasons to believe them

b) There being no "true" or "right" way to think or act, only what we can be convinced of through rhetoric.

Why are the Selective Processes part of the Limited Effects Era? a) They demonstrate the impact that Opinion Leaders have on our thinking. b) They demonstrate how our preexisting biases an opinions can limit the power of the media to affect how we think and act c) They demonstrate how media effects are established directly when we consume media d) They are an extension of the Hypodermic Needle Theory.

b) They demonstrate how our preexisting biases an opinions can limit the power of the media to affect how we think and act

Which of the following is NOT true about fantasies, according to Ernest Bormann? a) They help us define the past and predict the future. b) They treat some words as symbolic of our highest values and treat other words as symbolic of that which we most detest. c) They chain out to form fantasy themes and rhetorical visions. d) They can illustrate events that are spatially removed from the activities of the group.

b) They treat some words as symbolic of our highest values and treat other words as symbolic of that which we most detest.

As we discussed in class, the difference between Truth and truth is a) Truths are temporary states; truths are constant states. b) Truths apply to all people, in all places, at all times; truths are personal and can be different from person to person and from group to group. c) Truths apply only to human communication; truths apply only to communication by other types of animals. d) Truths are common in revolutionary science; truths are common during periods of normal science.

b) Truths apply to all people, in all places, at all times; truths are personal and can be different from person to person and from group to group.

According to Dr. George Gerbner, another one of the reasons we see so much violence in televised plots is because a) Media scholars count examples of verbal abuse as incidents of violence, which artificially inflates the number of violent events that actually occur on TV. b) Violence compels characters to do things against their will and motivates characters to action. c) Much of the television content we consume in the United States is written and filmed in other countries, which allow more violence in their media than we do. d) Surveys of American media consumers have shown that we want our television to be as violent as possible.

b) Violence compels characters to do things against their will and motivates characters to action.

According to Agenda setting theory, the media cannot tell us what to think, but it can tell us a) The difference between light and heavy viewers of television b) What to think about c) How to think d) Which issues in our society are "morally loaded."

b) What to think about

Walter Lippmann referred to the pseudo-environment as a) The studio where broadcast news is delivered to the general public b) The imagery created by media like radio, where audience members can hear messages but are unable to see them. c) A blending a real experiences and those delivered to us through the media, in which people could not distinguish between what was real and what was being manipulated by public relations strategists and packaged by journalists. d) The fantasy world most journalists live in.

c) A blending a real experiences and those delivered to us through the media, in which people could not distinguish between what was real and what was being manipulated by public relations strategists and packaged by journalists.

Dr. Eckmann is creating a questionnaire. She includes the following: When I speak in public, I often feel nervous and unsure of myself. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SD D Neutral Agree SA This is an example of a) An operational definition b) Inferential statistics c) A conceptual definition d) A variable

c) A conceptual definition

Dr. Landholm is a communication professor who is interested in studying nonverbal communication. He defines nonverbal communication as: "Communication without the use of spoken language, including gestures, facial expressions, and body language." In this example, Dr. Landholm has created a) An operational definition b) A hypothesis c) A conceptual definition d) An inferential statistic.

c) A conceptual definition

A theory a) Is a speculation on how things will happen in the future based on how things have happened in the past b) Is the process of noticing a pattern and projecting that pattern into the future. c) A description of concepts and the relationships among or between these concepts. d) All of the above are correct

c) A description of concepts and the relationships among or between these concepts.

One morning, Jamie was walking to class through Prexy's Pasture. As she was walking, she noticed a man dressed in a suit and a tie, carrying a briefcase, and talking on the newest iPhone. Jamie thought to herself, "That person must have a good job and probably makes a lot of money," This is an example of a) A relational consequence b) An occupational consequence c) A perceptual consequence d) A behavioral consequence

c) A perceptual consequence

Dr. Carson is a communication professor. He believes that, when a person perceives the behavior of another person (verbal or nonverbal), and assigns meaning to it, communication has occurred. In this example, Dr. Carson is taking a) A sender perspective b) An encoding perspective c) A receiver perspective d) A dialectical perspective

c) A receiver perspective

In the Triangle of Meaning (Ogden & Richards), a thought is called a) A referent b) A symbol c) A reference d) A code

c) A reference

According to Social Judgment Theory, a person's ideal position on a controversial stance is called their a) Latitude of Acceptance b) Ego Involvement c) Anchor d) Latitude of Rejection

c) Anchor

In the video The Electronic Storyteller, Gerbner said the main difference between humans and animals is a) Humans use animals for their benefit, but not the other way around. b) Animals use different media than humans do. c) Animals know what they know because of direct experience with their environment; humans know most of what we know because of indirect experience with stories. d) Animal media use is limited to knocking sticks and rocks together.

c) Animals know what they know because of direct experience with their environment; humans know most of what we know because of indirect experience with stories.

According to Social Judgment Theory, when a receiver of a message judges that message to be more different from their own position than it actually is, a/an ________________ is said to occur. a) Persuasive Effect b) Contrast Effect c) Assimilation d) Latitude of Acceptance

c) Assimilation

As we discussed in class, persuasive communication is concerned with changing _____________; compliance-gaining is concerned with changing ____________. a) Perceptions; attitudes b) The logistical power of a message; the emotional power of a message c) Attitudes and behaviors; behaviors only d) How we use one-sided messages; how we use two-sided messages

c) Attitudes and behaviors; behaviors only

As discussed in The Electronic Storyteller, the reason concepts like casting and fate are so important in Cultivation research is a) Light viewers of television are rarely cast in television roles, while heavy viewers are cast much more often. b) Hollywood is so concerned with casting females and minorities in television roles, they fail to offer roles to males and Caucasians. c) Certain types of persons (such as women and minorities) are consistently portrayed in ways that affect how we view them in the real world d) Light viewers of television are often "cast" in a positive light, while heavy viewers of television are fated to be seen in a more negative light.

c) Certain types of persons (such as women and minorities) are consistently portrayed in ways that affect how we view them in the real world

Erin is preparing a persuasive speech for her Public Speaking class. As she writes her speech outline, she realizes that one of her arguments is stronger than her others. Erin decides she will save that strongest argument for the end of her speech so her audience will remember it the best. Your textbook refers to this as a) Anticlimax order b) The principle of primacy c) Climax order d) Speech style

c) Climax order

The Selective Processes are related to the concept of __________, in which media messages we disagree with create psychological discomfort we seek to avoid or eliminate. a) Two-Step Flow Theory b) The Limited Effects Theories c) Cognitive Dissonance d) Observational Learning

c) Cognitive Dissonance

No medium will survive if it doesn't ____________ its audience. a) Inform b) Persuade c) Entertain d) Influence

c) Entertain

Craig is an avid snowboarder, and he is interested in knowing as much as he can about the topic. He subscribes to several snowboarding magazines and is an active member and power on a number of snowboarding message boards. In this example, Craig is using the media for a) Integration b) Information (surveillance). c) Explanation (correlation). d) Trepidation

c) Explanation (correlation).

In our discussion of Relational Dialectics, we talked about the _____________ form of the dialectics, which exists between the couple and everyone else they know. a) Integration b) Internal c) External d) Stability

c) External

____________ refers to the ways in which the media encourage people to consent to status quo power structures. a) Capitalism b) Heavy viewing c) Hegemony d) Engendering

c) Hegemony

As discussed during lecture, Trekkies (fans of the Star Trek TV show and movie) are an example of a) Behaviorism b) Identification c) Imitation d) Exemplars

c) Imitation

In the example from the previous question above, William is experiencing the _____________ form of the dialectic. a) External b) Explicit c) Internal d) Stability

c) Internal

According to Dr. George Gerbner, one of the reasons we see so much violence in televised plots is because a) Media scholars count examples of slapstick comedy as incidents of violence, which artificially inflates the number of violent events that actually occur on TV. b) Our culture is inherently violent, and television simply reflects that reality. c) It "travels well" across cultures. d) All of the above are correct

c) It "travels well" across cultures.

Carlos is a Business major who invests money in the stock market. He recently downloaded an app for his smartphone that allows him to check his investments anytime. Since then, Carlos finds that he uses the app more than any other on his phone, and that he relies on the information the app provides to make decisions about his investments. This example is most closely related to a) Hypodermic Needle Theory b) Two-Step Flow Theory c) Media Dependency Theory d) Selective Perception

c) Media Dependency Theory

Monica is concerned because she thinks her boyfriend, Steve, is cheating on her. Last Friday, they had made plans to see a movie. At the last minute, Steve texted Monica to say he couldn't make the movie, and that he was going to stay home and study instead. This made Monica suspicious, because Steve's story of what he planned to do that night wasn't consistent with how he typically acts. This example is most closely related to a) Similarity b) Logology c) Narrative rationality d) A rhetorical vision

c) Narrative rationality

Jim is a local attorney here in Laramie. For an upcoming case he is arguing about water rights, Jim has gathered several witnesses who will testify on behalf of his client. He has also asked a UW professor, who is an expert on water rights, to testify in court. According to Aristotle, Jim is using a) A commonplace b) Pathos c) Nonartistic proofs d) Artistic proofs

c) Nonartistic proofs

In class, I showed a political advertisement featuring former Governor Mike Huckabee and movie star Chuck Norris. This ad was an example of a) Similarity b) Physical attraction c) One-sided messages d) Credibility

c) One-sided messages

Descriptions of the exact procedure used to measure and categorize our observations are called a) Constructs b) Variables c) Operational definitions d) Content analysis

c) Operational definitions

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons media studies began in the United States? a) The use of propaganda during WWII b) Advertising became more sophisticated, and companies began to test to effectiveness of their advertising c) Political groups saw the invention of the telegraph as a way to improve their campaigning d) The influence of radio grew, and companies began to see it as a tool to advertise.

c) Political groups saw the invention of the telegraph as a way to improve their campaigning

The very earliest studies of the mass media assumed that media could have a __________ and __________ effect on media consumers. a) Moderate; indirect b) Microscopic; undifferentiated c) Powerful; direct d) Reliable; graphic

c) Powerful; direct

Craig and Gina have been dating for almost two years, and they share an apartment here in Laramie. One of the traditions they have established as a couple is a date night each Saturday; during this weekly occurrence, they always ear dinner in a nice restaurant and then see a movie. Gina enjoys this tradition and looks forward to it, but at other times, she wishes Craig would surprise her with something new and that they wouldn't do the same thing each Saturday night. In this example, Gina is experiencing the tension we call a) Connection/autonomy b) Openness/closedness c) Predictability/novelty d) Inclusion/seclusion

c) Predictability/novelty

Dr. Landholm is a Women's Studies professor here at UW. She lives close to campus a regularly walks to work from her home. During the cold winter months, she often wears crampons (slip on ice cleats for one's shoes) to avoid slipping on the icy sidewalks and embarrassing herself. This is an example of a) Corrective facework b) Negative face need c) Preventative facework d) Positive face need

c) Preventative facework

Which of the following is a reason that rhetoric became so popular in ancient Greece? a) Greek city-states were built very close to one another, so Greek people traveled between them very frequently to purchase goods. b) Greece was governed by the dictator, Plato, who required all Greek schools to teach rhetoric and public speaking to students. c) Public speaking was a key way for ancient Greek men to influence their communities and gain social status. d) Ancient Greek universities encouraged their students to participate in intercollegiate debate.

c) Public speaking was a key way for ancient Greek men to influence their communities and gain social status.

The idea that researchers must assume an active role in the community he/she in studying, that he/she must observe and participate in the process of meaning-making is most closely associated with a) Quantitative analysis b) Content analysis c) Qualitative research d) Statistical research

c) Qualitative research

Which of the theories of persuasion discussed in class is most closely related to the idea that humans have cognitive "wiggle room" in their thinking? a) Theory of Cognitive Dissonance b) Anticlimax Order c) Social Judgment Theory d) Theory of Reasoned Action

c) Social Judgment Theory

When scholars apply Marxist thinking to an examination of the modern mass media, they consider the "means of production" to be a) The ownership of large factories b) The ownership of electronics stores, like Best Buy. c) The ownership of large media corporations d) The ownership of new electronic devices by early adopters.

c) The ownership of large media corporations

Which of the following is NOT one of the roots of the Communication discipline we discussed in class? a) The rising popularity of intercollegiate debate in the late 1800's and early 1900's b) The writings of Karl Marx c) The popularity of the radio during the Civil War d) The study of the propaganda and the power of the media to persuade

c) The popularity of the radio during the Civil War

Which of the following is NOT one of the roots of the communication discipline we discussed in class? a) The rising popularity of intercollegiate debate in the late 1800's and early 1900's b) The writings of Karl Marx c) The popularity of the radio during the Civil War d) The study of the propaganda and the power of the media to persuade

c) The popularity of the radio during the Civil War

As discussed in The Mean World Syndrome, one of the historical occurrences that contributed to the public's fear of a powerful media system was a) The use of propaganda during the Civil War b) The election of Richard Nixon, due in part to his use of television advertisements. c) The radio airing of H.G. Welles' science fiction classic "War of the Worlds." d) The premiere of the children's program "Sesame Street."

c) The radio airing of H.G. Welles' science fiction classic "War of the Worlds."

Epistemology is a) The assumptions we make about the nature of being or reality. b) The idea of theorizing about theory c) The study of knowledge d) The role values play in research and theory

c) The study of knowledge

As discussed in class, Walter Fisher would argue that stories/narratives are valuable to human cultures because a) They are "a clutter of symbols." b) They stress what we are all opposed to. c) They compete for our attention and belief d) All of the above are correct

c) They compete for our attention and belief

In class, we used both Speech Anxiety and Gender as example of possible a) Concepts b) Theories c) Typologies d) Scopes

c) Typologies

Each of us has a set of assumptions that shapes the way we see everything around us called a __________; when large groups of people share a set of assumptions, we call it a _____________. a) Truth; Belief b) Ontology; Epistemology c) Worldview; Paradigm d) Meta; Theory

c) Worldview; Paradigm

Last Saturday, Mary and Erin wanted to meet up with their friend, Jay, to study for their upcoming chemistry exam. They tried to call and text him, but Jay didn't respond. Finally, Mary said to Erin, "I bet he was up late last night and is still asleep." This is an example of a) A discursive formation b) A diatribe c) Narrative rationality d) A fantasy

d) A fantasy

According to Cultivation Theory, heavy viewers of television a) Tend to be more afraid of walking alone at night. b) Are more susceptible to the Mean World Syndrome c) Are more supportive of hiring more police officers and building more prisons. d) All of the above are correct

d) All of the above are correct

Our need to feel liked, included, and admired by others is called our a) Negative face need b) Corrective facework c) Cultural identity d) Positive face need

d) Positive face need

According to Walter Lippmann, the media inaccurately portrays events in the outside world because a) News reporters have a limited amount of time to research and write stories. b) The public has a limited amount of time to consumer media c) News reporters must choose what to include and to leave out of news stories. d) All of the above are correct

d) All of the above are correct

From a Marxist perspective, when media corporations are the ones telling our cultural stories a) They produce cultural representations that express their corporate values and outlook. b) They are very unlikely to report anything that might offend their advertisers. c) They are very unlikely to produce anything that could hurt their bottom line. d) All of the above are correct.

d) All of the above are correct.

Enduring evaluations (positive or negative) of people, ideas, and things that predispose us to behave in a certain manner are called a) The principles of recency b) Evidence c) Speech styles d) Attitudes

d) Attitudes

Melissa and Monica are roommates who live together in Orr Hall. This semester, they both signed up for MATH 1000 and are taking it together. Last week, Monica couldn't find her MATH 1000 textbook, so she borrowed Melissa's copy and took it to the library to study. When Melissa returned to her dorm room, she couldn't find her copy of the book and wasn't able to study for class when she wanted to. In this example, Monica has violated Melissa's a) Relational identity b) Positive face need c) Negative face need d) Bald on record strategy

d) Bald on record strategy

Albert Bandura, the author of Social Learning Theory, was a member of a group of psychologists practicing in the 1960's that were called the a) Media Effects Researchers b) Observationists c) Biologists d) Behaviorists

d) Behaviorists

A system of meaning, shared by a group of people, is called a _______________; these systems are made up of __________, which stand for other objects in reality. a) Symbol; social structures b) Concept; codes c) Theory; constructs d) Code; symbols

d) Code; symbols

According to Cognitive Dissonance Theory, our __________ should be ____________. a) Disharmony; consistent b) Anchor; within our latitude of acceptance c) Consistency; causing discomfort d) Cognitive elements; in harmony

d) Cognitive elements; in harmony

In class, we discussed the fact that, in the United States, when ice cream sales increase, murder rate also increase. These two concepts tend to occur together, and they change together in a patterned way. Therefore, we say they have a a) Causal proposition b) Temporal relationship c) Deductive association d) Correlational association

d) Correlational association

The perception that receivers hold about a sender's expertise and trustworthiness (and that Aristotle referred to as "ethos" is called a) Physical attraction b) Similarity c) Social influence d) Credibility

d) Credibility

As we discussed in class, the process of interpreting symbols and converting them back to thoughts and ideas is called a) A message b) A channel c) Decoding d) Encoding

d) Encoding

Competence, moral character, and goodwill are all components of a) Pathos b) Logos c) Emotionos d) Ethos

d) Ethos

The five stages of Tuckman's Group Development Theory, in the proper order, are a) Forming, norming, storming, performing, adjourning b) Norming, forming, storming, performing, adjourning c) Storming, forming, norming, performing, adjourning d) Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

d) Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Media such as newspapers or TV news programs, which are meant for large, general audiences, are said to accomplish the ____________ function. a) Transmission of culture b) Explanation (correlation) c) Entertainment d) Information (surveillance)

d) Information (surveillance)

Social Learning Theory a) Describes how children learn more effectively in social classrooms than they do when being tutored one-on-one. b) Supports the assumptions about human learning believed by the behaviorists. c) Requires direct experience for learning to occur d) Is concerned with the possibility of observational learning

d) Is concerned with the possibility of observational learning

According to the authors of the Spiral of Silence Theory, why is the spiral of Silence a problem? a) It allows the media to have too much influence over the public's agenda b) It distorts the perceptions that heavy viewers have of the real world. c) It allows us to learn too much from indirect (mediated) experiences. d) It creates the illusion that an issue is already decided no further debate is needed.

d) It creates the illusion that an issue is already decided no further debate is needed.

The idea that humans are "symbol using, making, and misusing animals" and that our reality is "a clutter of symbols" was authored by a) Walter Fisher b) Ernest Bormann c) Michel Foucault d) Kenneth Burke

d) Kenneth Burke

As discussed in The Mean World Syndrome, the primary news source of Americans is a) Websites, such as cnn.com b) National newspapers, such as USA Today c) Social media, such as Twitter. d) Local television news

d) Local television news

Because we rely heavily on the media to convey information, it therefore conveys _______________. a) Pictures b) Sound waves c) Terminology d) Meaning

d) Meaning

The politeness strategies that help to "soften the blow" of a FTA by minimizing the impact on the other person, often using distancing styles such as apologies, are called a) Off record strategies b) Positive politeness strategies c) Bald on record strategies d) Negative politeness strategies

d) Negative politeness strategies

In class, I asked you all who believes that ghosts exist and who believes angels exist. Thos are examples of a) Axiological questions b) Epistemological questions c) Humanistic questions d) Ontological questions

d) Ontological questions

William and his ex-wife divorced three years ago. Since that time, he has dated several other women. However, William often feels conflicted about how much information about his past marriage to disclose to his new dating partners. In this example, William is experiencing the tension we call a) Inclusion/Seclusion b) Predictability/Novelty c) Connection/Autonomy d) Openness/Closedness

d) Openness/Closedness

In Tuckman's Group Development Theory, the stage during which members are highly cohesive, feel a strong sense of "we" instead of "I", establish the specific procedures they will use to accomplish the task at hand, and participate more is called a) The performing stage b) The storming stage c) The forming stage d) The norming stage

d) The norming stage

Elliott is an engineer who works with a firm that designs highways and bridges. He believes is an external reality, a real world made up of hard, tangible stuff. Elliott's perspective is most closely related to a) The subjective approach b) The nominalist view c) A humanistic approach d) The objective approach

d) The objective approach

Chloe is generally liberal in her political views. When she goes home for Thanksgiving, she's careful not to discuss politics with her family because they are very conservative, and she doesn't want to fell left out or not included. This situation is best described by a) The agenda setting theory b) The cultivation theory c) The social learning theory d) The spiral of silence theory

d) The spiral of silence theory

According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, when a person has time to think about how they are going to act in the future, the best indicator (predictor) of their behavior is a) Where their latitude of acceptance lies b) Their anchor c) Their level of assimilation d) Their intention

d) Their intention

Two-Step Flow Theory is similar to Agenda-Setting Theory in that a) They both study the impact of television on media consumers. b) They were both part of the Powerful Effects Era. c) They were both authored by Jeremy Payne d) They both examined how media impacted people's voting behavior.

d) They both examined how media impacted people's voting behavior.

When the Spiral of Silence Theory says television is ubiquitous, it means a) Its influence builds up over time due to the constant repetition of portrayed public opinion b) Messages across different providers tend to paint similar pictures of public opinion c) Messages across different providers tend to paint very different pictures of public opinion d) We cannot not see television

d) We cannot not see television