Intro to Process Technology Final Review

T/F Air permits must be obtained for any project that has the possibility of producing air pollutants

true

Which of the following is the most common type of steam boiler used in the process industry ?

water-tube boiler

How many electrons do carbon and oxygen have respectively?

Carbon has 6 electron, Oxygen has 8 electrons

Heat is measured in____________. a) calories b) celcius c) BTU's d) a&C

Celcius

Chemistry defined as what?

is the study of the characteristics of structure of elements and the changed that takes place when elements combine to form other substance

If the temperature is too_______the process fluid(gasoline) will not boil and vaporize

low

When a vacuum is pulled on a distillation column the boiling point_________.

lowers

A buoyancy flow________the liquid level' a)measure b)sence

measures

Vapor Pressure is___________? (what is vapor pressure)

pressure substance exerts on its container

Atoms are composed of positively charged particles called what?

protons

What is the primary difference between a pump and a compressor?

pumps move liquids and compressor move gases

There are two broad categories of bearings used in process plant equipment based on their function. What are these two bearings?

radial & axial

How do safety calves and relief valve differ?

relief-release excess pressure, safety prevents backflow

What is the purpose of a safety valve?

Prevents Backflow

What is the primary difference between a pump and a compressor?

Pumps move liquids and compressor move gases

Temperature is measured in__________? a)measures b) Rankine & Kelvin c) BTU and Calorie d) a&b

Rankine & Kelvin

Select the relief devices from the list below (know the different relief devices

Relief valve and safety valve

Describe what happens when a controller is placed in manual mode? a)the control valve looks at a specific output b) the controller adjust the control valve c) the control loop shuts down and the valve closes d) the controller automatically adjust to match the set point

a) the control valve looks at a specific output

The primary purpose of a cooling is to do what? a)cool water b)circulate hot water c)boil water d)provide cooling for heat exchangers

a)cooling water

Cat cracking does 1 thing to molecules, alkalation units take 2 small molecules of iso and olefin (which will be propylene, butylenes, pentylenes) and combines them into 1 large molecule of high octane liquid called___________.

alkylate

A_______is the smallest particle of a_________that still retains the characteristics of a___________. a) element, atom, solution b) atom, element, element c) atom, element, compound d) element, atom, atom

b) atom, element, element

Heat required to melt a substance defines laten heat of_______.

fusion

Which of the following valve type is most commonly used for throttling in the process industries?

globe valve

Thermal cracking uses_______to separate mixtures. (each answer has 2 answer)

high pressure

Liquids are typically considered_________. a)compressible b) noncompressible

noncompressible

Each molecule of a olefin has at least_________. (all answer have bond)

one-double bond

What is the 5 parts of a control loop?

orifice plate, transmitter, controller, transducer, and control valve

Motor oil is made from what? a)paraffin based crude b)asphalt based crude

paraffin based crude

Select the process variables most often measured in the process industry

pressure, temperature, flow, level, analytical

An exothermic reaction does what? (What happens in a exothermic reaction?)(Something to do with heat energy & matter)

produces heat energy

Pressure relief equipment is primarily designed to do___________.

respond automatically to sudden increases in pressure

Flare systems are primarily designed to do what?

safely burns excess hydrocarbons

Heat that can be sensed or measured is called what?

sensible heat

A change in pressure will________. a) maintain boiling point points b) enhance boiling points c) shift boiling points d)shift boiling points light material only

shift boiling point

What is the purpose of a steam traps?

steam traps are used to eliminate condensate from industrial steam systems

What is the part of a distillation column below feed line?

stripping

_________is defined as the hotness or coldness of a substance

temperature

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is________psi

14.7

Smoking flares in excess of________minutes must be reported

5 minutes

The Clean Water Act in 1972 adopted the________stragedy for all clean us

Best Available Technology (BAT)

T/F The toxic substance control act is a federal law enacted in 1976. TSCA was intended to protect human health and the environment. TSCA was also designed to regulate commerce by one requiring testing and two necessary restrictions on certain chemicals substance. TSCA imposes requirements in all manufacturers, exporters, importers, processors, distributors, and disposers of chemical substances in the united states.

True

An acid is_________.

a chemical compound, it taste sour, pH below 7, it turns blue litmus paper to red, and it yields hydrogen ions in water

Vacuum technology is used to do what? a) minimize damage from overheating b) mix components c) reduce energy cost d) a&c

a&c

Heat moves from areas of_________. a) hot to cold b) cold to hot

a) hot to cold

Select packing types in the following list: (3) a) rasching ring b) flexing c) berl saddle d) sieve e) valve f) bubble cap

a) rasching ring b) flexiring c)berl saddle

Pressure________impacts the boiling point of a substance. a) indirectly b) directly

b) directly

A dashed line indicates what kind of instrument line?

electrical

A transducer is best described as what?

electrical to pneumatic

The purest form of matter is called a________.

element

A transmitter is best described as_________. (talking about a control loop)

emits electrical signal to controller

T/F The purpose of a furnace is to make steam to supply the feed preheated to a distillation column

false

Liquid pressure is directly proportional to what?

temperature

A British thermal unit is_______. (define British thermal unit)

the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one pound of water, 1 degree Fahrenheit

Describe what happens when a controller is placed in automatic mode

the controller automatically adjust to match the set point

The resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) was enacted as a public law in 1976. The purpose of RCRA is to protect human health and the environment. A secondary goals is to conserve our natural resource. RCRA completes this goal by regulating all aspect of hazardous wate management, generation, storage, treatment and disposal. This concept is referred to as what?

"cradle to grave" waste management

What are the key elements of the community right to know principle?

1. Increases community awareness of the chemical manufactured or used by local chemical plants and business. 2. Identifies potential hazards. 3. Improves communication and understanding 4. Improves local emergency response planning 5. Involves community in emergency response plannings

There are________common refining processes used by industrial manufacturers

19

A base is________. What is the pH level? What does it do to the litmus paper?

A base is a chemical compound, pH above 7 , turns red litmus paper blue, it yields hydroxyl ions

As pressure increases the__________. a)escape of molecules from the surface of a liquid is reduced proportionally b) the boiling point increases c) gas or vapor molecules are forced closer together d) all of the above

All of the above

The purpose of the__________is to enhance the quality of the nations air, accelerate a national R&D program to prevent air pollution, provide technical and financial assistance to state and local government, and to develop regional air pollution control program.

Clean Air Act

What to do the initials EPA stands for?

Environmental Protection Agency

vapor psi (equilibrium) is an indication of a liquids:

Evaporation Rate

T/F The acronym P&ID stands for plant & instrument drawings?

False

T/F The purpose of a boiler is to heat process fluids before entering a distillation column

False

The cooling tower may supply cold water to the condenser on the distillation column

False

Match the hydrocarbon in the paraffin family with the number of carbon atom they contain

Hydrocarbon=1M, 2E, 3Pro, 4B, 5Pent, 6Hex, 7Hep, 8Oct, 9Non, 10Dec

Distillation is a process that does what? a) adds all ingredients to the process up front b) separates the components in a mixture by boiling point c) uses heat and pressure to separate small hydrocarbons from larger ones d) uses catalyst to separate hydrocarbons

b) separates the components in a mixture by boiling point

Which of the following valve type is most commonly used for isolation in the process industries?

ball valve

A catalyst is best described as what?

breaks down substance, does not mix with substance

Molecular motion in water a) decreases as heat in added b) stays the same when heat is added c) increases as heat is added d) can not be measured

c) increase as heat is added

A fluid can be considered a___________. a) gas b) vapor c)liquid d) all of the above

c) liquid

Catalytic cracking uses______to separate mixtures (each answer has 2 answer)

catalyst & temperature

A________is a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more substances in definite proportion by weight

compound

The primary methods of heat transfer include_________.

conduction, convection, and radiation

An exothermic reaction__________. a) requires heat b) produce heat c) is a combustible reaction d) a&c

d) a&c

The boiling point of a substance is_________.

the temperature at which the vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure

What is the purpose of a centrifugal compressor?

to add centrifugal force to the product stream

The primary purpose of reflux is to do what? a) control product purity b) help control temperature c) control the level in the accumulator d)a&b

to control product purity and control temperature

What is the purpose of a process furnace? (know the difference between a furnace and a boiler)

to heat hydrocarbons

What is the purpose of a water-tube boiler?

to heat water in tubes in a circular motion and heated externally by the ice

Heat required to change a liquid to a gas is called laten heat of__________.

vaporization

The density of a substance divided by the density of water is___________.

volume