Intro to Programming Final Exam

During which development stage do you find bugs, fix them, and resolve any outstanding issues needed to meet the original specifications?

Testing

In an array search, what would you expect to occur in a loop with the following code:

The search moves through the array positions one by one.

When developing an app, API stands for Application Programming Interface.

True

What refers to the system that allows programmers to modify code without worrying about permanently changing something that should not be changed?

Version Control

Which of these is a quicker way to perform addition in Python?

a += 20

Which syntax is correct in Python? Select one: a. if 1%2 == 0 then print 1 b. if 1%2 == 0 {print 1} c. if 1%2 == 0:print (1) d. if 1%2 == 0Then print(1).

c. if 1%2 == 0:print (1)

Cyber-stalking shares most of its definition with another online activity known as:

cyberbullying

If you want to group many variables and store them together, what can you use?

An array

You are part of a software development team, and you have noticed that your team frequently has problems during the development phase when you are trying to identify a problem or need. Which of these webinars would be MOST helpful to your team?

Better analysis

What term describes the inequalities between those who have access to modern computers and those who do not?

digital divide

In lean software development, an MVP is defined as the:

most basic useable product you can create.

Marco manages a website for a streaming movie service. Marco is concerned that a hacker might break in to the back end of the website to steal customers' credit card numbers. What kind of testing would help prevent this?

security testing

In most cases, project managers report to:

upper-level management

What repeats a block of code as long as the condition being tested is true?

while loop

Which of these is an assignment statement in Python?

year = 2020

Alicia joined a dating website and, to her surprise, found a picture of herself already on it, attached to a stranger's profile! What is this an example of?

Identity theft

Which phrase BEST represents the idea of logical type?

It's a yes or no question

Aidan has a software development task for a college class. His team decides that they want to approach the project by making small revisions until they are finished. Which model are they MOST likely using?

Iterative model

Dylan is working on software that he wants to run on a laptop, a smartphone, and a video game console. Which programming language would be the BEST choice for this software?

JAVA

Bianca is attending a protest to support fair and equal access to the internet. What legislation is she MOST likely supporting?

Net neutrality

A ______ uses one or more conditions to return a true or false value.

Logical expression

If you want Python to print a group of characters exactly as you have typed them, what needs to surround the characters?

""

Damien used a carefully crafted username to give himself access to the entire database of a poorly-secured business. Damien MOST likely used a technique called:

SQL injection

Oliver is a database manager. Which of these is a strategy that he could use to combat SQL injection?

Scrubbing

One new advantage of new technologies in the classroom is that it is now possible for a teacher to lecture to dozens of students at once, regardless of their different levels and abilities.

False

While flow charts are useful design tools, they shouldn't be included in an SRS.

False

For a parking payment app, what option would MOST likely connect a user to a third party/external gateway?

"Pay"

Which of these is a good example of a user persona?

"Teenage power-gamer who plays competitively 10+ hours a day"

What is the key driver in the modern American economy?

Access to information

Which second-generation programming language uses short letters or words to directly represent machine code?

Assembly language

When you perform a Google search that uses the word "and" (for example: "Restaurant AND Houston"), which kind of logic are you using?

Boolean

Emir is a cartographer (a person who makes maps). On each map he names individual lakes, mountains, valleys, and forests. Which OOP principle is he following?

Classes and instances

The digits 0 through 9 are used for which number system?

Decimal

A single number can be both an integer AND a floating number.

False

Facebook's privacy policy states that third party applications can freely access a user's friends' data with permission from the app user.

False

Ideally, all tests should be run right at the end of a development cycle.

False

Which image editing software is open source?

GIMP

You've found a hidden message that requires a decoder ring to decrypt and also has several random letters added to it. This is similar to a technique that programmers use called:

Hashing and salting

Which of these is an example of a feature in a software development?

How quickly the program starts up for the user

What have studies found about people's attention spans compared to previous generations?

No conclusive evidence could be found to support definite changes

Antonio is writing an essay for class. In his essay, he says that "According to Wikipedia, 'Plagiarism is not in itself a crime, but can constitute copyright infringement.'" The teacher notices this was cut and pasted directly from Wikipedia's web site. Was this plagiarism?

No, because Antonio cited Wikipedia as the source.

Which OOP principle would be represented by talking about a duckbilled-platypus as a mammal, but one that has a beak and lays eggs?

Overriding

What is one of the "six hats" in De Bono's "Thinking Hats" model?

Red Hat: Emotional Thinking

Lorenzo's code isn't working because he forgot to include a period at the end of his line of code, as is required with the language he is using. This is known as a(n) _____ error.

Syntax

Lena works in software development and is the person who coordinates all of the technical aspects of a project, such as what hardware to use, what programming environments (IDE) to code in, and what data structures are needed. What job title does Lena MOST likely have?

System architect

What is an example of a functional requirement?

The software will allow users to apply a filter to simulate colorblindness to images.

Assuming students had entered their own first name and last name in response to separate inputs, what is accomplished by the following code snippet?

This line would return a syntax error. Feedback

Your teacher asks you to put on goggles. With them on, it looks as if you are walking around the British Museum. This is an example of:

Virtual Reality

Which of these is a good example of using structured type? Select one: a. print("hello world") b. age = 365*X c. 3%2 == 1 d. counter = 0

a. print("hello world")

How did Facebook start fighting "fake news" in 2017 and 2018?

by including a "Disputed by Third-Party Fact Checkers" banner for suspected fake news

One of the benefits of the top-down approach to programming is that it allows you to use:

libraries

Which of these represents a string variable? Select one: a. Ran b. -50 c. 3/2 d. "100 words"

d. "100 words"

What is the following code snippet doing? cities_array = ["Boston","Winthrop", "Belmont", "Braintree", "Cambridge"]

increasing the scope of the variable cities_Array

Which Python function would you use if you wanted to convert a string to lower case letters?

lower()

Which of these is the BEST use of a Gantt chart?

projecting how a project should progress over several weeks.

Calculating the remainder as an arithmetic expression in most languages looks similar to what?

rem(3/2)

Milon tried to write a program that is writing 12 items to a table with only 10 rows. What error should he expect to see?

runtime error

After you've completed a basic analysis and technical research into the scope and feasibility of a project, you are able to project:

the general timeline and development costs

Marisol wants to learn how to write instructions for computer programs. Which of these Google searches would be MOST useful for her?

How to code.

Which term refers to testing that your software still works as intended once it is connected to other systems?

Integration testing

Carrie wants to know how many times her program has repeated. What should she include in her code?

Iteration variable

Linette works in software development. She usually starts her day by meeting with the project manager to discuss the overall progress of the software. After that, she holds a meeting with the team of developers to hand out work based on upcoming deadlines and then goes on to help with overall development problems. Linette tries to end each day by sending an encouraging email to her team to remind them how appreciated they are. What is MOST likely Linette's job title?

Lead developer

Where are passwords stored for large companies like Amazon or Netflix?

On a server

The _____ is the program that manages a computer's software and hardware.

Operating System

Sarah has been hired as a consultant to a software development company that is frustrated by the number of errors in their code. Which of these is MOST likely to help their situation?

Peer programming

Jenn only reads news from sources that agree with her political viewpoint. This is an example of:

Polarization

Your friend Lucia enjoys taking a leadership role when working with her peers on group assignments. She is very skilled at making sure that everyone is able to complete their part on time due to her time management skills. She also excels at scheduling and budgeting tasks. If Lucia decides to work in software development one day, what role might Lucia be especially well-suited for?

Project manager

The line of code cities_array[1] will access which item in an array?

Second

Which of these is an example of intellectual property?

Secret recipe for KFC

You are tutoring a student who is struggling in math. She says that her homework is to watch YouTube videos that the teacher has selected to explain new concepts, but the student does not have high-speed internet access at home. This is an example of:

The digital divide

A good flowchart alludes to both the inputs and outputs you will need to receive and give to the user.

True

A straightforward way to determine if a number (N) is even is to check if the remainder of N divided by 2 is 0; if so, it's an even number.

True

An index in programming is quite similar to an index in a book or old card catalogue in a library.

True

As with any website, an LMS needs to be user-friendly, intuitive, and appealing.

True

Developers are frequently paid a milestone at a time rather than on a weekly or monthly basis.

True

Flowcharts allow you to more easily clarify among multiple potential solutions to a problem to see which solution is best.

True

Functional languages like LISP are not composed of statements, but instead are a nested set of functions.

True

Hearing aids rely on tiny computers that filter out irrelevant background noise and amplify the remaining signal.

True

IDEs give programmers access to many tools they need in once place, including source editors, debuggers, and compilers.

True

If you want a language that is relatively easy to write and which can be tested easily as it's being developed, you would choose an interpreter program.

True

In general, if a program doesn't run, it likely has a syntax error.

True

Lead developers often face a lot of pressure when leading a team of other developers.

True

Many children today believe that their parents pay less attention to them than to their smartphones.

True

Once you start designing the processing logic for each function of your software, you might end up throwing out your logical data model design and completely redesigning it.

True

Organizations often hire freelancers to reduce overall costs while still employing top talent.

True

Peer code review helps you find ways to optimize code so that it will be easily maintained and understood by developers that come after you.

True

Sudden changes in how often a student uses a smartphone, including texting and management of social media accounts, may be an indication that the student is suffering from online bullying.

True

User interfaces need to identify what inputs are needed from the user and what data will need to be manipulated by the software (and potentially stored in a database).

True

Amahle is trying to communicate the structural information about the data used by her software to a Python coder, a Java coder, and a C++ coder. Which tool should she use?

UML diagram

Which of these is MOST likely to protect you against malware?

Virus Protection Software

Phyllis is interested in learning more about databases on her own time. What would be the BEST place for Phyllis to start her independent education on databases?

a MySQL tutorial online

Most schools use a learning management system (LMS) in order to make daily tasks easier, like taking attendance, entering grades, and:

communicating with students and parents

Your software development group has been asked to develop an app that does nothing more than meet the most basic need. If it is successful, then more features can be added later. What kind of product is your group being asked to develop?

minimal viable product

If your passions lie in coding, and the thrill of solving problems with elegant solutions appeals to you, then the role of _____ will likely be a good fit for you.

software developer

What refers to the outline of the necessary components for a project, first given to developers at the beginning of a project and modified through the development cycle?

software requirement specifications

When would a for loop be more appropriate than a while loop?

when you know the exact number of items in an array

Python is the most commonly used language to search databases

False

What is an example of an incremented sequence?

1,2,3,4

A friend wants to design an app, but has never done so before and isn't sure how to begin. If you were to recommend the first step in the software development life cycle to your friend, what would you suggest?

Analysis

Ellen's dream job is to work at Microsoft on Windows programs. Which computer language should she include on her resume to help her get the job?

C#

Kelli is a computer programmer. After writing a program, Kelli enjoys a break while the entire program is read by the computer and a set of machine instructions is generated. What kind of language is Kelli using to program?

Compiled

Which documentation tool is MOST useful for designing a whole system when databases are involved?

Data flow diagram

Which career path is BEST for someone who wants to focus on how data can be used to gain new insights?

Data scientist

Besides the more obvious task of creating the website itself using web languages like HTML, JavaScript, PHP, etc., the front-end developer will also likely need to work with back-end database structures to:

Display data

What refers to the process of translating text characters to binary code?

Encoding

What term refers to the act of encoding or changing data into a different form, in order to prevent unauthorized access?

Encryption

Maribel wants to learn more about the language that IBM developed in the middle of the last century that was designed to help computers perform calculations. Which of these should she research?

FORTRAN

A systems designer is the role most responsible for coordinating the technical aspects of a project, such as what programming environments and data structures are needed.

False

Advanced technologies have almost always been available to everyday consumers.

False

All early programming languages were object-oriented.

False

Binary coding is limited because it can only represent numbers, not words.

False

By default in Python, every variable you create is visible to all other code in a program.

False

Documentation tools come into play in the development process after you've made all the major decisions about solution design.

False

Expanding technological sectors causes other sectors of the economy, such as food, construction, and manufacturing, to contract, limiting economic growth.

False

Python's keywords are NOT case sensitive.

False

Since it exists only in cyberspace, the internet has developed at consistent rates throughout the world.

False

Systems architects do NOT need to have a big-picture understanding of projects; they only need to have a detailed knowledge of the project's technical requirements.

False

The flowcharts for individual processes are created after the pseudocode has been written.

False

Working as a professional at a big company like Google requires a college degree.

False