Intro to Psych- History Of Psychology

List the five steps of the scientific method.

1.) Form a research question 2.) Forming a hypothesis 3.) Testing the hypothesis 4.) Analyzing the results 5.) Drawing a conclusion

Name G Stanley Halls most notable accomplishments and the years in which they occured.

1883- 1st American Lab at Johns Hopkins. 1887- 1st American Psychology Journal. 1892- Driving force behind APA and served as it's first president.

Briefly explain the role of a clinical psychologist.

80%-85% of psychologists. Cannot prescribe medication, often work on phobias or in prisons. Most get a doctorate, but it is not always required.

Explain the eclectiv perspective

A combination of different perspectives.

Briefly explain the role of a social psychologist.

A very broad area, social situations. Want to know why we conform if we don't have a reason too. Examines attraction, (can be friends or romantic partners).. why do we act a certain way? Why do we like certain people?

Who was the pioneer of humanism? Give a brief definition of their beliefs?

Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers. Big with free will and choice, they didn't like the behaviorists, thought they were manipulative for using rewards/punishments.

List the nine different kinds of psychological perspectives.

Biological, evolutionary, cognitive, humanistic, psychoanalytic, learning/behavorial, sociocultural, biopsychosocial, eclectic.

Which is more common and why: birds of a feather stick together, or opposites attract.

Birds of a feather; we generally feel more comfortable around people who share similar interests with us.

List the different types of psychologists

Clinical, counseling, school, educational, development, personailty, social, experimental.

What is the most common kind of psychologist? Second most common?

Clinical, then counseling

Explain the biopsychosocial perspective.

Combines biological, psychological, and social factors.

Briefly explain the role of a personality psychologist.

Examines the qualities and traits that make you who you are. Most people have 5 traits in their personality.

Who was the pioneer of behaviorism? Give a brief definition of their beliefs?

John B Watson & BF Skinner; Said that the unconsciousness isn't studyable and that we should study how people behave; they are predeterministic. Used rewards/punishments and many believed this manipulated peoples behavior.

Why are psychological perspectives necessary?

No two people are alike in their way of thinking.

Briefly explain the role of a school psychologist.

PA requires one psychologist per school district. If the student has trouble learning due to possible anxiety, depression, adhd/add, behavoiral issues, a school psychologist will do the testing. They also do IQ testing for gifted or remedial programs *However this can also come from a clinical psychologist. Some schools have a social worker to deal with certain issues at home.

Briefly explain the role of a educational psychologist.

Schools are not required to have one. Never meet with students personally. However they may take surveys of the students or the parents. They look at issues within the school that could potentially improve SAT scores, attendance, etc...

Define psychology

Science that studies human behavior and mental processes

Who was the pioneer of psychoanalysis? Give a brief definition of their beliefs?

Sigmund Freud- believed in the unconscious. Why do people have these fears? Believes that people push things into their unconscious because the don't/didn't know how to cope.

Explain the sociocultural persepctive.

Social & Cultural Factors; what you are seeing/hearing is your culture, making you act this way. (religion)

Define Theory

Statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are/why things happen the way they do.

Briefly explain the role of a developmental psychologist.

Studies how we change and evolve throughout our entire lives. Focuses on intent.

Explain the humanistic perspective.

The humanists believed in free will and choice, is this person choosing to be this way, are they forcing themselves into this situation, etc..

Briefly explain the role of an experimental psychologist.

They do expermines, love to collect and analyze data and modernize studies.

Explain the psychoanalytic perspective.

This perspective focused on the unconscious motives, for instance trauma leads you to make decisions because of past trauma, without realizing there even is past trauma.

Explain the biological perspective.

This perspective focuses on biological processes, for instance a chemical imbalance in the brain. Excess dopamine causes schizophrenia, whereas not enough seratonin causes depression.

Explain the cognitive perspective.

This perspective focuses on people's perceptions and thoughts. It's all about how an individual percieves things, if they brush if off or over react.

Explain the learning/behavioral perspective.

This perspective focuses on reinforcements and punishments. I.e. rituals, associating an awesome game with the cold shower you took beforehand, then doing that shower every game afterwards. Modeling.

Explain the evolutionary perspective.

This perspective focuses on survival, and a human's natural fear instinct.

Why must a study be repeated?

To improve accuracy, doing an experiment more times gives more results.

Briefly explain the role of a counseling psychologist.

Usually get a doctorate or have a license to treat people. Deal with day to day issues, divorce, grief

Name one of Wilhelm Wundt's most notable accomplishments.

Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879. This was the first laboratory dedicated to psychology, and its opening is usually thought of as the beginning of modern psychology. Indeed, Wundt is often regarded as the father of psychology.

List the pioneers of psych

Wilhelm Wundt, William James, Sigmund Freud, John B Watson & BF Skinner, Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers.

Who was the pioneer of structuralism? Give a brief definition of their beliefs?

Wilhelm Wundt; looked into the structure of the conscience

Who was the pioneer of functionalism? Give a brief definition of their beliefs?

William James; What is the function of conscience? What is it's purpose?