Intro to Psych Midterm

An intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. This test has ____ reliability and _____ validity.

High; Low

In ____ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

Higher order

Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory?

How to play the piano

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

Idea that proves a theory

Behaviorists Study

Learned behavior

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.

Learning

Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology?

Male bias exists in science

Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ______

More than one gene

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

Motor skill deficits in the left side of her body

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

Negative reinforcement

The empirical method of study is based on

Observation

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, are modeling, what they do or say is called ______ learning.

Observational

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior is associated with a consequence. What kind of learning is this.

Operant conditioning

Microchip brain implants are now used on a regular basis for treatment of

Parkinson's

The ____ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.

Pituitary

Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes ________.

Placebo Effect

The ________ connects the brain and the spinal cord and is associated with sleep.

Pons

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood behavior?

Punishment

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV

An ____ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment

Skinner Box

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ____.

Spinal Cord

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.

Spontaneous Recovery

According to William James the purpose of psychology was to

Study the function of behavior

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

Sympathetic

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

Temporal

Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________

The Scientific Method

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study

The mind and behavior

An ___ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena

Theory

100 introductory psychology students are surveyed about their intended majors. The results indicate that more women than men intend to pursue a psychology major, whereas more men than women intend to purse a history major.

There is a relationship between gender and intended major.

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience

Electrically stimulating a cat's brain at a certain point can cause the animal to cower in terror in the presence of a small mouse.

True

In contrast to sociology and anthropology, contemporary psychology has little interest in how behavior varies across cultures.

True

Newborns gaze longer at a drawing of a face-like image than at a bull's-eye pattern.

True

The biggest and most persistent issue in psychology concerns the nature-nurture controversy- that is, the relative contributions of biology and experience to psychological traits and behavior.

True

We ordinarily use only 10% of our brains.

True

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Variable interval

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Variable interval

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior?

Watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets.

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

As a science, psychology is objective and value-free.

False

In the day we are born we have the most brain cells we will ever have.

False

Psychiatry is a branch of psychology that involves the assessment and treatment of psychological disorders.

False

Some people have had the hemispheres of their brains split with no apparent ill effect

False

The opinions of 1500 randomly selected people can provide a very accurate picture of the opinions of an entire nation.

False

The scientific finding that children who watch violence on television tend to be violent proves that viewing violence causes it.

False

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ____, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be_____.

Fast; Long Lasting

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Summer

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on and early childhood experiences

A person's unconscious

Critical thinking is___________.

Applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

Many studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ______.

Are possible to test with animal studies

Which of the following is an example of instinct: Unlearned knowledge that involves complex patterns of behavior?

Baby seeking food by rooting and suckling

In Maslow's hierarchy of need, the ___ includes food, water, and shelter.

Basic survival needs

Why is psychology considered a social science?

Behavior is biological and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

Being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats.

To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule.

CS+UCS; continuous

In _____ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response.

Classical

A(n) ________ case study is conducted by gathering detailed information about participants who are psychological patients.

Clinical

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

Clinical psychology

Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is an

Conditioned response

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

Confirmation Bias

The _____ group does not get the experimental treatment.

Control

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

Depression

In a _______ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignment.

Double-Blind

____ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researcher place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.

Electroencephalography EEG

Which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts?

Empirical studies

Diabetes is an ___ disorder because insulin is a _____.

Endocrine; Hormone

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

Experimental

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

Extinction

A small amount of brain tissue from a person cannot be distinguished from a small amount of brain tissue from a monkey.

False

A complete map of all the synaptic connections within an individual's nervous system is a

cognitive processing diagram connectome identifying behavioral substrate