Intro to Psychology Exam 4

dissociative amnesia

Caleb, a mercenary, was tortured for days in an underground cell. When he was rescued by Special Forces, a month later, Caleb could not remember the events of the previous month. To Caleb, it felt like he had just gone to war and, minutes later, was being pulled out of an underground cell. The doctors attributed Caleb's memory loss to the extensive psychological trauma that he experienced during his imprisonment. In the context of dissociative disorders, which of the following best describes Caleb's psychological disorder in this scenario? A. Antisocial personality disorder B. Borderline personality disorder C. Dissociative identity disorder D. Dissociative amnesia

reciprocity

Caroline has volunteered to work with the underprivileged children who are participants in her professor's literacy project. She is hoping that her professor will take this into consideration when calculating her grades. In this scenario, Caroline is demonstrating an expectation of _____

bipolar disorder

Abigail has noticed that Rose, her roommate, experiences extreme shifts in her moods and behavior. Although Rose doesn't sleep much, she is unusually energetic and optimistic. She is highly distractible and delusional. This period of euphoria has lasted more than a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue Rose exhibited in the previous semester. Rose is most likely to be diagnosed with ____

social exchange

According to the _____ theory, the success of a relationship is a function of how a person feels about the equity in his or her relationship

companionate

Affectionate love is also called _____ love

cognitive dissonance

An individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts is known as:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house. She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engages in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings. Consequently, Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with _____. A. paranoid personality disorder B. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder C. post-traumatic stress disorder D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

group

Dr. Houltin is a therapist who believes that it is important for clients to share information and provide feedback to each other. According to this information, it can be inferred that Dr. Houltin practices _____ therapy

social loafing

Dr. McCall found that student performance was poor when students worked in groups compared to when each student worked on an individual project. In the context of group influence, this difference in performance can be best explained with the concept of:

external

Felicia tells her mother that she failed the biology test because her professor made the test too difficult. Felicia is attributing her performance to _____ factors A. external B. intuitive C. stable D. controllable

there are few tempting alternatives for the partners

From the perspective of the investment model of close relationships, long-term relationships are most likely to continue when

cognitive dissonance

Hugh buys a new calculator for $125 from the PaperMills stationery store. A week later, he sees an ad from another stationery store, StationMax, selling the same calculator for $65. Hugh feels guilty about having wasted so much money on the calculator but justifies his action by saying that StationMax items are always of poor quality. In the context of attitudes, Hugh's statement reflects an attempt to reduce his

compulsions

In cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), _____ frequently accompany obsessions and appear to serve the function of reducing the anxiety created by such disturbing thoughts

Social identity theory

In the context of intergroup relations, which of the following theories best explains why individuals like to think of their group as an in-group?

social facilitation

Jasmine believes that she is a poor basketball player, yet she plays with her friends whenever they ask her. Jasmine claims that when she is with her friends she feels like a different person and can play much better than when she practices on her own. Jasmine's change in ability when she is with her friends can best be attributed to the group influence phenomenon known as _____

all of these

Jasmine is an attractive, well-dressed female who appears normal to her colleagues. . However, Jasmine may still be considered abnormal if _____. A. she is statistically deviant B. her behavior is maladaptive C. she suffers from personal distress D. All of these.

generalized anxiety disorder

Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless, Karen, however, cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with? A. Social anxiety disorder B. Generalized anxiety disorder C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder D. Bipolar disorder

the fundamental attribution error

Kaylee is in her car at a traffic light waiting for the light to turn green. Just as it does, a man driving a red truck goes speeding past Kaylee and just about misses crashing into her car. Kaylee abuses him and thinks to herself that his license should be revoked. What Kaylee does not know is that the truck's breaks have failed. In this scenario, Kaylee is demonstrating _____ while attempting to explain the man's behavior A. explicit racism B. the fundamental attribution error C. the mere exposure effect D. consensual validation

Systematic desensitization

Megan has a fear of public speaking and therefore visits a behavioral therapist to help her overcome this fear. Which of the following techniques should be implemented by the therapist to resolve Megan's fear?

give people anonymity

One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups: A. make people more inhibited B. reduce the diffusion of responsibility C. give people anonymity D. increase personal identity.

Medium

Professor Green has to make an important presentation to his company's board members. He is struggling to choose between a PowerPoint presentation and a short video to get his point across. Which element of persuasion is the professor struggling with?

prosocial behaviors

Random acts of kindness, such as helping a visually impaired person cross the street, are examples of _____

psychodynamic

Sean, a psychologist, told his colleague "My client must confront the conflicts he faced in his childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety." According to this statement, it can be concluded that Sean follows a _____ approach

agree with his friends and say that she is very pretty

Several of Sheldon's friends suggest that the new girl in their class is very pretty. Sheldon does not think that she is pretty. If Sheldon is exhibiting conformity, he will probably: A. tell his friends that he did not get a good look at her B. disagree with his friends and say that she is not very pretty C. agree with his friends and say that she is very pretty D. ignore his friends' comments

post-traumatic stress disorder

Since the war eight months ago, Henry, a 35-year-old soldier, has been experiencing flashbacks that causes him to relive the grievous experiences that he went through during the war. Henry is terrified of these flashback episodes and tries to avoid all reminders of the war. He refuses to talk about his feelings and avoids looking at his uniform. This anxiety interferes with Henry's sleep and social functioning. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Henry is exhibiting the symptoms of _____.

the group polarization effect

The solidification and further strengthening of an individual's position as a consequence of a group discussion or interaction is known as:

anxiety disorders

_____ involve fears that are uncontrollable, disproportionate to the actual danger the person might be in, and disruptive of ordinary life A. Depressive disorders B. Personality disorders C. Anxiety disorders D. Dissociative disorders

AD/HD

_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity. A. Borderline personality disorder B. Autism Spectrum Disorder C. Depression D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Specific phobia

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.

Dissociative identity disorder

_____ refers to a disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships

Groupthink

_____ refers to the impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony.

major depressive disorder

Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost 3 weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with _____

of a bad bounce

In a recent softball game, Cindy misplayed a ground ball, which was scored as an error, causing her team to lose the game. According to the self-serving bias, Cindy is likely to reason that she misplayed because: A. she is not a good player B. of her low involvement in the game C. she did not train well D. of a bad bounce.

consensual validation

In the context of close relationships, _____ best explains why people are attracted to others who are similar to them

lesser side effects as compared to other antidepressants

In the context of drug therapy, the widespread increase in the number of individuals taking SSRIs to combat their depression is primarily due to the:

Biological Approach

Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking anti-depressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis conforms to the _____.A. sociocultural approach B. biological approach C. psychological approach D. social cognitive approach

hallucinations

Jeremy, a schizophrenic patient, hears multiple voices inside his head; talking to him at the same time and forcing him to do things. Hence, it can be inferred that he is experiencing the symptom of _____.

self-fulfilling prophecy

Mr. and Mrs. Lee warn their new babysitter that their son, Dennis, is very aggressive and mischievous and must be strictly disciplined. As a result, Alison is over-strict with Dennis and does not let him out of her sight. This facilitates Dennis' aggressive and mischievous behavior. This scenario best illustrates: A. the self-fulfilling prophecy B. altruism C. the false-consensus effect D. self-objectification.

social comparison

Teresa asks herself whether she is as popular as Cathy. This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through the process of: A. mere exposure B. effort justification C. reciprocity D. social comparison

false consensus

The _____ effect means individuals overestimating the degree to which other individuals think or act the way they do A. mere exposure B. bystander C. group polarization D. false consensus

the door in the face strategy

The advertising committee for a politician is going door-to-door and asking people to place a big, unattractive election sign on their lawns. Assuming that most people will refuse at first, the advertising committee is prepared to ask them to place a small sign on their lawns, which is the actual plan. Which strategy for successful persuasion is the advertising committee using in this scenario? A. The foot-in-the-door strategy B. The door-in-the-face strategy C. The inoculation technique D. The negative appeal approach

provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to: A. persuade clients to abandon their irrational, anxiety-inducing beliefs B. provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts C. train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior D. demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client

Panic disorder

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause