Intro to Radiography - Test 3

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

shaken baby syndrome causes ____________ & ___________

whiplash injury; brain trauma

PVC's are demonstrated by...

wide, irregular QRS complex & loss of P-wave

any verbal orders need to be _______ before doctor leaves the area

written

medication orders can be...

written, verbal, or standing

if an emergency prevents charting at time given...

you should make a write notation of time, drug, & dosage

definition of emotional abuse

inflicting mental pain, anguish, distress, humiliating, intimidating, or threatening

definition of physical abuse

inflicting pain, injury, restraining by physical or chemical meansd

the usual dose & sage dosage range for each medication is found in the....

information on package insert or available online

some lung conditions are treated with...

inhalation therapy

short acting corticosteroids may also be prescribed before...

injection of contrast media

definition of vasovagal reactions to contrast media

injection stimulates vagus nerve causing cardiovascular changes

level 1 trauma centers provide total care for all ______

injuries

in most cases, the explanation is inconsistent with the....

injury

definition of neurogenic shock

injury to nervous system caused by head or spinal trauma

I & O measurements stand for...

input and output measurements

some patients need _______ or ________ recordings after urination

input; output

definition of myocardial ischemia

insufficient blood supply to heart muscles that result from coronary artery disease

definition of hyperglycemia

insufficient production of insulin from pancreas that causes glucose levels in blood to rise

type I diabetes is usually treated with...

insulin

glucose paste can be administered buccally to an unconscious patient having an....

insulin reaction

what does INR stand for...

international normalized ratio

definition of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)

interruption of blood supply to brain

definition of incontinence

involuntary loss of bladder or bowel control

anaphylactic shock is sometimes a response to ___________ administered during x-ray exams

iodinated contrast media

PVC's are...

irregular, early ventricular contractions that interfere with normal rate & rhythm

how serious is ventricular fibrillation

its life threatening because no blood pumping is out of heart

don't wear ______ that could cause injury during movement or positioning

jewelry

where is the carotid artery located

just below angle of mandible

immobilization requires the use of various devices to...

keep patients from moving during imaging procedures

a low GFR value may indicate...

kidney impairment

the chief organs of excretion are...

kidneys

definition of kyphotic patients

large convex curve in upper back

definition of exploitation

illegal taking, misuse, or concealment of funds, property, or assets

IV administration is the parenteral route that offers the most....

immediate effect

sudden changes in level of consciousness require...

immediate treatment

if BUN value is high, it indicates....

impaired kidney function

if creatine value is high, it indicates...

impaired kidney function

definition of orthopnea

inability to breathe while recumbent

the first sign of respiratory distress is...

increase in depth & rate of respiration

definition of fever

increased body metabolism in response to infectious process

blood pressure falls as diameter of blood vessels ______ & heart rate ______

increases; slows

if area around iV site is cool & swollen, IV solution may have...

infiltrated

definition of pneumonia

inflammation of lungs

anaphylactic shock can progress into...

laryngeal & bronchial edema

to ensure patients don't have impaired circulation, be sure their fingers & toes are...

warm, pink, & sensitive to touch/pressure

electrocardiograph displays information in form of...

waves

definition of allergic reaction

when a patient has been sensitized to initial dose of medication & develops an allergic response to an allergen

toxic effects develop when a drug accumulates in body because of....

- inadequate excretion - impaired metabolism - overdose - drug sensitivity

excretion can also occur from the....

- intestines - lungs - breast milk - exocrine glands

parenteral injections are classified as....

- intradermal - subcutaneous (SC) - intramuscular (IM) - intravascular - intrathecal

definition of hypovolemic shock

- loss of blood from injury or internal bleeding - loss of plasma from burns - severe dehydration

some examples of opioids are....

- morphine - codeine - meperidine (Demerol)

what type of information should patient history include

- onset - duration - specific location - quality of pain - aggravating & alleviating factors

what are the 6 things needing to be done for a thorough patient history

- open-ended questions - facilitation - silence - reflection/reiteration - clarification/probing - summarization

some signs of shock are....

- pallor - increased heart rate & respirations - restlessness - fall in blood pressure - decreased urination - cool, clammy skin - confusion

definition of metabolism

process by which the body transforms drugs into an inactive form that can be excreted from body

definition of absorption

process involving movement of drug from site of administration into systemic circulation in order to provide desired effect

brand names are also called...

proprietary or trade names

what is hemoglobin (Hgb)

protein in RBC

anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock is a....

severe allergic reaction

hypotension can result in...

shock

sinus bradycardia may lead to...

shock

definition of nasal cannula

simplest & most frequent device for longer term O2 administration

if a patient is experiencing nausea or vomiting, what position should they be in

sitting or lateral recumbent

if a patient is experiencing vertigo, what position should they be in

sitting or laying down

paralytic agents are....

skeletal muscle relaxants

patient awareness can _____ taking respirations

skew

rough handling or sliding against table surface may injure...

skin of elderly or debilitated patients

antimicrobials include antiseptics used for....

skin preparation before sterile injections

cyanosis occurs on...

skin, lips, nail beds, lining of the mouth

allergic reactions may be _______ or _______, usually unpredictable

slight; severe

definition of bradypnea

slow breathing, less than 12 breaths per minute

apical pulse is good for...

slow or irregular pulses

the P-wave is a...

small "bump" on ECG/EKG strip

the T-wave is a...

small bump

why is tact and caution important when getting patient history

some patients may read too much into questions

granules are mixed with a...

specific amount of fluid

intrathecal refers to injections into...

spinal canal

___________ held under nose usually brings a rapid return to consciousness

spirits of ammonia

when patients are experiencing a nosebleed they should ______ rather than swallow blood that runs down nasopharynx

spit out

if a patient is experiencing a nosebleed, you should instruct them to...

squeeze firmly against nasal septum for 10 minutes

nauseated patients need...

their heads elevated (or rolled onto their sides)

restraints can also be used on patients who may injure themselves by removing...

therapeutic devices

the action of a drug on specific cells is called....

therapeutic effect

the portal venous system diminishes the...

therapeutic effect before it reaches the target tissue

the treatment for both hemothorax & pneumothorax is...

thoracotomy

why do nauseated patients need their heads elevated

to help prevent aspiration of emesis (vomit)

when females use bedpans, they need...

torsos elevated

if kidney function is impaired or patient is dehydrated, drugs can be retained in body & a _____________ can occur

toxic effect

poor cardiac, renal, or hepatic function increases the likelihood that....

toxic effects might occur

other topical medications are used for a system effect, which is also called

transdermal

definition of orthostatic hypotension

transient dizziness that sometimes occurs with sudden change in position

definition of urinary catheter

tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder

definition of intubation

tube placement of an airway into trachea

definition of catheter

tube used for medical purposes

tympanic thermometers measure temperature at....

tympanic membrane of ear

what is BUN

type of nitrogen waste product

what is creatinine

type of nitrogen waste product

intravascular is classified according to...

type of vessel into which injection is made

CBC's provide specific information regarding _____ & _______ of cells that make up the blood

types; numbers

what is the 3rd level of consciousness

unconscious but reactive to painful stimuli

SC injections instill medications...

under the skin

a Complete Blood Count (CBC) includes...

up to 12 different determinations

the most common sites for SC injections are...

upper arm & outer aspect of thigh

patients who become short of breath or have severe abdominal pain when supine must be supported.....

upright & assisted to sit up immediately

liquid medications are...

vaporized, administered by inhaler or nebulizer, & inhaled by patient

for children <5, which intramuscular injection site is preferred

vastus lateralis

intubation tubes are connected to a...

ventilator

what is it called when ventricles contract

ventricle depolarization

QRS complex occurs when...

ventricles contract

T-wave occurs when...

ventricles relax

ventricular fibrillation is when...

ventricular cells stop working together & contract independently

what is it called when ventricles relax

ventricular repolarization

antiarrhythmics are for acute attacks of....

ventricular tachycardia or ventricular arrhythmias

route that most medications taken orally follow...

- pass through stomach - absorbed by small intestine - bloodstream carries it to liver via portal venous system

who does the hospitals emergency response team usually consist of

- physicians - nurses - respiratory therapists - electrocardiographers

to ensure the suction system is operational, check...

- pump is working - receptacle is connected to pump - tubing length is adequate - assortment of flexible suction catheters are available - rigid pharyngeal catheter device is available

what are 2 other words for fever

- pyrexia - hyperthermia

what is done when a patient is suspected to have a concussion

- rest to relieve - CT to rule out bleed

padding should be used under what body prominences

- sacrum - heels - mid-thoracic curve

make sure patients possessions are....

- safe - in sight - communicated

pharmacokinetics can vary due to...

- sex - age - weight - condition - immune status

what are the 3 basic types of paralytic agents

- short term (10-30 minutes) - intermediate (35-45 minutes) - long-acting (2-3 hours)

intraspinal method of intrathecal administration is used when...

contrast medium is to be injected through spinal needle directly into subarachnoid space

what are the warning signs of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)

- slurred/diffuclt speech - extreme dizziness - severe headache - muscle weakness or one or both sides - difficulty in vision or deviation in one eye - temporary loss of consciousness

part of the role of the FDA is setting the standards for....

control of drugs

FDA requires that all packaged drugs include...

- trade name - generic name - chemical composition - chemical strength - usual dose - indications - contraindications - reported side effects

if abuse is suspected, skeletal surveys of...

- upper/lower extremities - skull - spine - ribs

some early symptoms of anaphylactic shock are...

- warmth - tingling - itching of palms & soles - dysphagia - constriction in throat - feeling of doom - expiratory wheeze

when emptying urinary bags, you....

- wear gloves - open clamp - allow drainage - close clamp

always be sure to explain......

- what to expect - how long they'll wait - help buttons

some examples of physical restraints are...

- wrist/ankle bands - vest with straps tied to the bed

standing orders consist of....

- written directions for a specific medication or procedure - signed by physician

analgesics range from __________ to __________

controlled narcotics; over-the-counter medications

definition of respirations

# of inhalations per minute

WBC count measures...

# of leukocytes present that help fight infections

RBC count measures...

# of red blood cells present

the annual medical cost from trauma injuries per year is...

$200 billion

NPO stands for

'nothing by mouth'

explaining the need for immobilization to parents helps to gain ____ & ease _____

cooperation; anxiety

common sites of intramuscular injections are...

- deltoid muscle of upper arm - gluteal muscle in hip area - vastus lateralis muscle of lateral thigh

some side effects of vasovagal reactions are...

- diaphoresis - hypotension - sinus bradycardia

common side effects of ACE include...

- dizziness due to hypotension - headache - drowsiness - weakness

what position should a patient be in if they're experiencing shock

- dorsal recumbent position to avoid fall - elevate feet to increase blood flow to brain - if dyspnea is present, elevate head

FDA sets strict rules about....

- efficacy (effectiveness) - purity - potency (strength) - safety - toxicity (potential for harm)

some intermediate reactions to contrast media are...

- erythema - urticaria - bronchospasms

some normal contrast media side effects are...

- feeling of warmth - feel flushed for 1-3 minutes - metallic taste in mouth - nausea, vomiting, cough

pulse oximeters are places either on...

- finger - toe - earlobe

what is the purpose in taking a complete patient assessment

- helps prioritize schedules - relevant histories - communication w/ radiologist - prevents emergencies

what is the radiographers role in medication information

- helps with assisting physician - determining if stock in department is adequate & up to date - helps to prevent errors in orders or records that seem wrong - knowledge of medication side effects may alert radiographer to an adverse reaction/effect

some radiographic signs of battered child syndrome are...

- hematomas - single or multiple fractures of various ages

what are the 5 types of shock

- hypovolemic - neurogenic - cardiogenic - septic - anaphylactic

PVC's feel like

- "heart skips a beat" - "flutters"

some signs of a concussion are...

- "seeing stars" - brief loss of consciousness - respiratory arrest

some of the most common traumas are...

- MVA's - unintentional accidents - GSW's - stab wounds - physical altercations - domestic violence - physical abuse

acute episodes of reactive airway disease treatment usually includes....

- O2 administration - epinephrine injections - bronchodilating medication

some examples of immobilization devices include...

- Pigg-O-Stat - mummy wrap method - stockinets - sandbags

all CBC's include...

- RBC count - hemoglobin concentration (Hgh) - hematocrit (Hct) - RBC indices - WBC count - WBC differential count - platelet count

what are some signs of choking

- agitation - face becomes congested - tearing at collar - clutching their throats

what are some things that fear, anxiety, uncertainty can lead to...

- anger - rudeness - inappropriate speech - excessive talking - withdrawal - fear over modesty

the 2 principal types of medications for control of high blood pressure are....

- angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) - beta blockers

analgesics with a low potential for side effects include...

- aspirin - ibuprofen - acetaminophen - naproxen sodium

what are some signs of respiratory distress

- audible breathing - wheezing - gasping - coughing - struggling

what are some signs of elder/vulnerable adult abuse

- bruises/burns - pressure marks/broken bones - unexplained withdrawal/ depression - decubitus ulcers/poor hygiene - unattended medical needs - unusual weight loss - threats from caregiver - tense relationship/arguing with caregiver

some examples of physical signs of battered child syndrome

- bruises/injuries around eyes, cheeks, mouth, buttocks, thighs - bite marks - certain bone fractures - cigarette burns - failure to seek prompt treatment

anaphylactic shock may result in....

- cardiac or respiratory arrest - seizures

radiographer is responsible for...

- checking allergic history of patients - preparing medication for administration - verifying patient ID - assisting physician - monitoring patient after medication has been given

examples of when radiographers are involved in medication administration

- contrast agents - anesthetic agents - antianxiety or sedation agents

following every exam that involves contrast, radiographer must enter this into patients record....

- contrast agents name & strenght - volume administered - route of administration - date & time of administration - signature or approved ID

when bedpans are needed, be sure to...

- cover patient - provide privacy during use

to calculate GFR, what is used

- creatine test results - age - sex - race

some symptoms of myocardial infarction (MI) are...

- crushing pain - heartburn - indigestion - left arm, jaw, or neck pain - paleness - diaphoresis - nausea - shortness of breath

when charting medications, you should include...

- date - time of day - drug name - dosage - route of administration - name of person who charted it

some examples of things kept in crash carts are...

- defibrillator - stethoscope - emergency medications - ventilation equipment - suction catheters

normal rectal temperature is...

0.5-1.0* F higher than oral

normal axillary temperature is...

0.5-1.0* F lower than oral

the normal value ranges for creatine is...

0.6-1.5

level 1 trauma centers treat _______ admissions per year or _____ major trauma patients per year

1,200; 240

trauma is the most common cause of death for individuals between the ages of....

1-44

with the use of a nasal cannula, oxygen is delivered at a rate of...

1-6 liters per minute

reactive airway disease is a general term to describe conditions characterized by...

coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath with an undetermined cause

when taking a radial artery pulse, you...

count for 15 seconds & multiply by 4

antagonists are used to....

counteract the effects of other drugs

what is the range for ventricular tachycardia

150-250 BPM

non-rebreathing masks can supply up to ______ oxygen concentration

100%

normal respiratory rate is...

12-20 breaths per minute

height of IV bottle/bag should be...

18-20 inches above level of vein

the procedure for oral medication administration...

1: perform hand hygiene 2: obtain proper med & read label 3: prepare med tray with med cup & glass of water (if allowed). read label again 4: show physician label & pour amount directly into med cup 5: check patient ID, stay with patient while med is being swallowed & offer water if allowed 6: return med tray & discard remaining water & med cup 7: repeat hand hygiene 8: chart medication

the 6 rights of medication administration are...

1: right dose 2: of right medication 3: to right patient 4: at right time 5: by right route 6: with right documentation

what is the radiographers role in suspected shock

1: stop procedure 2: assist patient into correct position 3: obtain help 4: check blood pressure 5: assist dyspneic patient with oxygen 6: be ready to perform CPR 7: assist code team/physician 8: chart occurrence, treatment administered, patient's response on incident report & in chart

in preparation for medication administration.....

1: verify patient ID & check order 2: verify medication & check expiration date 3: check for allergies in chart & obtain allergy history from patient 4: perform hand hygiene

what are the 9 precautions for all injections

1: wear gloves 2: dispose of all syringes/needles 3: use safety 4: follow established rules 5: read label 3 times (1 before drawing, 2 after drawing, 3 with physician before administration) 6: label syringe 7: check patient ID 8: check for allergies 9: monitor patient

it is in our scope of practice to give a patient a nasal cannula with how many liters per minute

2

what distance during shock is adequate

2 feet

nasal cannulas provide ____________ oxygen concentration

24-45%

more than _____ of shaken baby syndrome cases result in death

25%

patients allergic to foods & airborne particles are _____ as likely to have a reaction to contrast media

2x

patients was asthma are ____ more likely to have a reaction to contrast media

3x

you should read labels ______ to be certain

3x

oxygen face masks provide ___________ oxygen concentration

40-60%

cardiac tamponade can result in...

critical situation (seen in MVA's)

most patients tolerate _______ per minute rom a standard IV set

5-20

5-20 drops per minute is approximately...

60 mL per hour

normal pulse rate is...

60-100 BPM

normal diastolic pressure range is...

60-79 mm HG

the normal range for blood glucose after a 12-14 hour fast is...

70-100

the normal values range for BUN is...

8-20

1st degree burns involve...

epidermis only

normal systolic pressure range is...

95-119 mm HG

normal range for oral temperature is..

96.8-99.8* F (36-38* C)

for patient with an acute allergic reaction, ________ is administered

epinephrine

definition of angina pectoris (angina)

episodes of chest pain precipitated by exertion or stress

be sure to always _____ patients to destinations

escort

the QRS complexes of a normal sinus rhythm are...

evenly spaced & occur very regularly

radiographs are often used as _____ in child abuse cases

evidence

definition of hemorrhage

excessive bleeding

brand names are usually more _____ than its generic equivalent

expensive

what is pulse caused by

expulsion of blood when left ventricle of heart contracts

definition of stoma

external opening of colostomy

definition of pulse

advancing pressure wave in an artery

where is the radial artery located

base of thumb

temperature provides information about the body's...

basic metabolic state

there is no evidence _____ for shaken baby syndrome

externally

why do high number values of BUN & creatine indicate impaired kidney function

because the kidneys usually filter out these toxic substances

decubitus ulcers are...

bed-sores

what is the range for sinus bradycardia

below 60 BPM

what position should urinary bags always be in

below level of bladder

when lifting casts, always lift from...

below the part, NEVER above

the normal values for blood oxygen levels...

between 95-100%

ventricular tachycardia is...

extremely high heart rate with low cardiac output

beta blockers treat...

hypertension & other cardiac conditions

both PT & PTT can be used to check for _________ & see if ________ is working properly

bleeding problems; anticoagulation medication

INR measures...

blood clotting time

PTT measures...

blood clotting time

definition of hemothorax

blood in pleural space

ACE is a body chemical that regulates...

blood pressure

what does BUN stand for

blood urea nitrogen

if IV bag is too low....

blood will flow back into tubing & may clot

definition fo cyanotic

bluish coloration due to lack of oxygen in tissues

you should never ________ for routine use from crash carts

borrow supplies

battered child syndrome affects _____ & _____ equally, usually under the age of _______

boys; girls; 4

manufacturers give their products......

brand names

if a patient is nausea, have them focus on _____ to help prevent vomiting

breathing

definition of hyperventilation

breathing too deeply & too often

drugs placed inside the cheek are taking the _____ route

buccal

paralytic agents cause patients to be unable to move, but they're still...

conscious

a common type of urinary catheter is a...

Foley catheter

seizures are accompanied by a change in level of....

consciousness

pneumothorax reduces available surface for...

O2 exchange

PDR stands for...

Physicians' Desk Reference

what does PVC stand for...

Premature Ventricular Contractions

definition of anaphylactic shock

contact with foreign substances to which individual has become sensitized (allergic)

FDA stands for...

US Food and Drug Administration

atrial fibrillation is the....

continuous reentry of electrical impulses back into atria

urinary catheters allow urine to be....

continuously emptied

diphenhydramine can be given before a......

contrast media injection

you should use a compression band around _____ or sandbags across ______ if possible

abdomen; extremity

diastolic pressure measures...

ability of arterial system to accept blood forced by left ventricle

clotting factors measure the blood's...

ability to clot

definition of hypertension?

abnormally high blood pressure

definition of hypotension?

abnormally low blood pressure

sinus bradycardia is...

abnormally low heart rate

transdermal medications are ________ by skin & enter _________

absorbed; bloodstream

acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an umbrella term used to cover a group of clinical symptoms that can indicate...

acute myocardial ischemia

distribution depends on....

adequate circulation

definition of pneumothorax

air in pleural space

endotracheal tube protects patients ______ & ensures that air can reach the _______

airway; lungs

some examples of antiseptics are...

alcohol & betadine

what is the 1st level of consciousness

alert & conscious

complete wound dehiscence involves..

all layers of wound

blood glucose measures....

amount of sugar in the blood

what is the PDR

annually published book, lists drugs & info about each drug

therapeutic effect results in......

anticipated outcomes (like pain relief or increased cardiac output)

definition of opioids

any drug, natural or synthetic, that acts similarly to morphine

definition of elder abuse

any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by caregiver or other person that causes harm or serious risk to vulnerable adult

definition of sexual abuse

any nonconsensual sexual contact of any kind

what is the normal value for GFR

around 100 (but it varies)

intra-arterial administration involved percutaneous access to....

artery by needle

patches cause _____ on images

artifacts

if blood oxygen levels fall lower than normal....

assess patient changes, equipment, & call for assistance

when males use bedpans, they may need....

assistance with urinal

where is the apical pulse located

at 5th intercostal space left of mid-clavicular line

P-wave occurs when...

atria contract

what is it called when atria contract

atrial depolarization

an example of topical medications used for local effect are...

calamine lotion for poison ivy

for acute episodes of reactive airway disease...

call for assistance

if patient has stopped breathing or if no pulse is detected, patient is in...

cardiac arrest

definition of cardiogenic shock

cardiac failure caused by interference with heart function

frequent PVC reduces...

cardiac output & can initiate ventricular fibrillation

drugs also applies to chemicals such as narcotics or hallucinogens that affect the...

central nervous system

definition of respiratory arrest

cessation of breathing

definition of cardiac arrest

cessation of heartbeat

type II diabetes is sometimes manageable with...

changes in diet & lifestyle as well as oral hypoglycemic medications

with 3rrd degree burns, the skin is...

charred, white, & lifeless

before emptying bedpans, always be sure to...

check the chart

when a inpatient requests water, be sure to....

check their chart

each medication has a generic name that identifies its...

chemical family

hemothorax & pneumothorax are both usually caused by...

chest injuries/trauma

disposable thermometers are usually used on....

children

cholesterol measures...

cholesterol & triglycerides

anticonvulsants are prescribed for patients with...

chronic seizure disorders

vasodilator nitroglycerin, administered sublingually, is absorbed directly into bloodstream & improves....

circulation to heart muscles

to help prevent skin irritations that may become decubitus ulcers, be sure to keep patients...

clean & dry

mechanical suction is used when a patient is unable to...

clear mouth & throat of secretions

what is the 4th level of consciousness

comatose

tremors support the patient as...

comfortably as possible

level 2 trauma center serves as a....

community trauma center

evisceration may be cause by _____ wound dehiscence

complete

gauge increases as diameter of bore....

decreases

3rd degree burns extend...

deep into subcutaneous tissues & destroy nerve endings

what is necessary for treating ventricular fibrillation

defibrillation

be sure to __________ until exam is completed

delay breaks

the intravenous route (IV) is used for...

delivering most emergency medications when an immediate response is critical

definition of drugs

denotes substances used in diagnosis, treatment, disease prevention, or as a component of a medication

2nd degree burns involve...

dermal layer

definition of benzodiazepines

describe the medications as a group

definition of abandonment

desertion by person responsible for care or custody

hypoglycemic agents are used primarily as treatment for....

diabetes mellitus

CT & MRI are excellent at...

diagnosing shaken baby syndrome

gauge of needle indicates...

diameter of bore

definition of asthma

difficulty in breathing caused by bronchospasm

what type of thermometer do hospitals use

digital readout with disposable sleeves

another name for Benadryl is....

diphenhydramine

the most frequently used antihistamine is...

diphenhydramine

backflow of urine can cause...

discomfort & infection

colostomy/ileostomy bags can be...

disposable or reusable

hyperventilation may cause...

dizziness, faintness, numbness, or tingling in extremities

what position should a patient be in if they're experiencing syncope

dorsal recumbent position with feet elevated

what is the 2nd level of consciousness

drowsy but responsive

definition of antagonist

drug that attaches itself to receptor, preventing agonist from acting

definition of narcotic

drug that causes "sleep inducing"

definition of agonist

drug that produces a specific action & promotes the desired result

definition of antidote

drug that treats a toxic effect

definition of controlled substances

drugs with high potential for abuse & misuse; must be kept locked up

definition of synergistic (additive effects)

effects that go far beyond desired outcome because of the effect of more than one medication taken together

____ patients are more likely to have poor cardiac, renal, or hepatic function

elderly

electrocardiograph monitors measure...

electrical activity of the heart

what is cardioversion

electrical stimulation to restore normal rhythm

definition of excretion

elimination of drugs from body after they have metabolized

physical forms of child abuse often coexist with...

emotional & sexual abuse

shock is a general term used to describe _____________ in which blood pressure is inadequate to support ______________ of vital tissues & unable to remove by-products of ___________

failure of circulation; oxygen perfusion; metabolism

definition of self-neglect

failure to perform self-care tasks that threaten his/her health or safety

definition of neglect

failure to provide food, shelter, healthcare, or protection

syncope is another word for...

fainting

when blood pressure is too low to supply brain with oxygen, patient ____

faints

unauthorized use of restraints results in...

false imprisonment

an external bag is used for...

fecal collection

where is the femoral pulse located

femoral artery

hot, dry skin may indicate...

fever

sudden change in ______ situation is also a sign of elder/vulnerable adult abuse

financial

brand names are usually given to the ________ that first develops & markets it

first company

definition of pleural effusion

fluid in pleural space

patients with certain kidneys diseases or cardiac problems need to have their _________ monitored closely

fluid intakes

seizures occur as a result of....

focal or generalized brain function disturbance

hypoglycemia may occur when diabetic patient has taken insulin but no ____

food

what does blood pressure measure

force of blood against walls of arteries

temporal artery thermometers measure temperature over...

forehead region

what does GFR stand for...

glomerular filtration rate

the tiny filters in the kidneys are called...

glomeruli

hypoglycemic agents control the level of....

glucose in blood

if active ingredient is solid, its measured in....

grams, milligrams, or micrograms

an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a...

graph that is produced by an electrocardiograph

medications can cause side effects that may or may not be....

harmless

shaken baby syndrome is a severe type of physical abuse that affects the child's....

head & neck

concussions are caused by

head injury minimal damage

epinephrine is administered to stimulate....

heart & sympathetic nervous system

definition of myocardial infarction (MI)

heart attack; heart muscle supplied by occluded artery will die if blood flow isn't restored quickly

cholesterol is part of determination of risk for....

heart disease & stroke

a "weak" or "thready" heart may indicate...

heart not pumping enough blood

definition of urticaria

hives

do not take oral temperature after consumption of...

hot or cold beverages

PT measures...

how long it takes blood to clot

GFR estimates...

how much blood passes through the tiny filters in kidneys each minute

the RBC count can affect....

how much oxygen tissues receive

BUN, creatinine, & GFR all evaluate....

how well the kidneys are working at filtering out toxins

type I diabetes is typically in individuals that are...

lean & under the age of 25 who produce little to no insulin

level 3 trauma centers serve communities that don't have....

level 2 centers

if a patient is experiencing a nosebleed, they should not...

lie down, blow nose, or talk

sinus tachycardia can lead to...

life-threatening ventricular tachycardia

liquid medications are measured in units from...

liters (L) down to milliliters (mL)

metabolism usually occurs in the...

liver

serum bilirubin evaluates...

liver health

some topical medications are used for...

local effect

bolsters relieve stress by straightening the _____ curve

lordotic (concave) lumbar

analgesics are drugs that relieve pain without causing a....

loss of consciousness

definition of evisceration

loss of organs through body cavity

definition of hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

the intraspinal method is called...

lumbar puncture

bolsters are used to relieve...

lumbosacral stress in supine patients

definition of defibrillator

machine that administers electric shock to correct an ineffectual cardiac rhythm

level 2 trauma centers handle _____ of trauma cases & transport patients to level 1 only when necessary

majority

definition of septic shock

massive infection, usually by gram-negative bacteria

you should have a ______ attitude toward patients

matter-of-fact

if IV bag is too high....

may cause fluid to infiltrate into surrounding tissues because of increased hydrostatic pressure

definition of distribution

means by which a drug travels from bloodstream to target tissue & site of action

doctors check clotting factor values for patients on blood thinning medications to ensure...

medication is working appropriately

what is the treatment for atrial fibrillation

medication or cardioversion

definition of antibiotics

medications used to treat wound infections & infectious diseases

OHSA restricts the use of thermometers that contain....

mercury

the liver is where enzymatic action transforms a drug into ___________ excreted by the kidneys

metabolites (products of metabolism)

diabetes mellitus (DM) is the inability to...

metabolize bood glucose

type II diabetes may be treated with...

metformin (Glucophage), as well as other medications

the _________ is used for measuring patient weight when calculating dosage & measuring medications

metric system

some antibiotics treat a very narrow range of...

microorganisms

definition of syncope

mild form of shock that can occur with fright, pain, or unpleasant events beyond coping ability of patients nervous system

intramuscular injections are given into...

muscle

tranquilizers promote...

muscle relaxation & reduce anxiety

definition of epistaxis

nosebleed

definition of idiosyncratic reaction

occurs when a patient overreacts or underreacts to a drug or has an unusual reaction

where are the 2 primary electrode contacts placed in an ECG...

on anterior chest; one on each side of sternum at level of 2nd intercostal space

where is the third electrode attached in an ECG....

on side of chest at 6th or 7th intercostal space

partial wound dehiscence involves...

only outer layers of wound

changes in breathing may signal....

onset of serious distress

naloxone (Narcan) counteracts the effects of...

opiates

sublingual & buccal routes can be absorbed into blood through...

oral mucosa

enteral route applies to medication administration directly into gastrointestinal tract via...

oral, rectal, or nasogastric tube

where is the dorsalis pedis/pedal pulse taken

over instep of foot

type II diabetes in most commonly seen in individuals...

over the age of 40

tracheostomy's can be connected to....

oxygen supply or ventilators

hemoglobin carries...

oxygen throughout the body

oxygen face masks provide both _____ & _______

oxygen; humidity

with 2nd degree burns, the skin is...

pain, swelling, blisters

what should be observed for changes in skin color

pale, cyanotic, or waxen pallor

atrial fibrillation can cause...

palpations, nausea, weakness, & fatigue

with type I diabetes, insulin is administered...

parenterally

what does PTT measure

partial thromboplastin time

other antibiotics are broad spectrum & effective against a wide variety of....

pathogens

taking a thorough patient history helps to build...

patient rapport & confidence

clotting factor values are checked before vascular procedures to ensure ________ & prevent ________

patient safety; excessive bleeding

a normal sinus rhythm is a...

pattern with P-wave, followed by QRS complex, then a T-wave

definition of tamponade

pericardial sac fills with fluid, preventing heart from expanding

dorsalis pedis/pedal pulse is usually taken to check...

peripheral circulation

battered child syndrome is a...

physical form of child abuse

you can not remove patches unless...

physician specifically orders you to

application of restraints require...

physicians order

what is the radiographic protocol for trauma cases

portable chest, pelvis, & lateral C-spine

what does PT stand for...

prothrombin time

pulse oximeters monitor...

pulse rate & blood oxygen levels

systolic pressure measures...

pumping action of heart

if restraints must be removed for transport or exam, be sure to...

put them back on immediately after

sudden deterioration of patient requires a ____ & ______ response

quick; appropriate

normal breathing is...

quiet & calm

sedatives exert a.....

quieting effect, often inducing sleep

what is the most common site for pulse

radial artery

if there is any change in physical status you should notify...

radiology nurse or radiologists immediately

definition of tachypnea

rapid breathing, greater than 20 breaths per minute

sinus tachycardia is a tracing that shows...

rapid heart rate

after a drug reaches its site of action, it exerts its effects on the cells....

receptor sites

if a patient is experiencing evisceration, what position should they be put into

recumbent position

if a patient is experiencing cerebrovascular accidents, what position should they be in

recumbent position with head elevated

with 1st degree burns, the skin is...

red, warm, tender, & painful

definition of erythema

reddening of skin

level 3 trauma centers are usually located in....

remote rural areas

definition of thoracentesis

removal of fluid from pleural space

if a patient is in danger of paralysis, they aren't ________________ until ruled out

removed from backboard

non-rebreathing masks have an attached __________ that fills with 100% O2 & a valve to prevent __________ from being inhaled

reservoir bag; exhaled gas

burns are frequently associated with...

respiratory complications

patients receiving opiates or other meds that depress CNS must be carefully monitored for...

respiratory depression

ventilators are mechanical respirator devices that control.....

respiratory rate, volume, & oxygen content

the processes of pharmacokinetics affect the way individuals....

respond to medications

after a patient experiences a seizure, what position should they be put into

rolled onto their side to avoid aspiration

restraints are used to ensure...

safety for active & disoriented patients

diphenhydramine has a ______ & _______ side effect

sedative; drying

the most common antagonists encountered by radiographers are those used to counteract the effects of....

sedatives & analgesics

local anesthetics are used to eliminate....

sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure ie: lidocaine (Xylocaine)

definition of vertigo

sensation that room is spinning

the QRS complex is...

several large spikes joined together as a single unit

cerebrovascular accidents are another name for...

strokes

definition of pharmacodynamics

study of effects of drugs on normal physiologic functions of body

definition of pharmacokinetics

study of the way the body processes a drug & how drugs are absorbed, reach their site of action, are metabolized (physically & chemically changed), & exit the body

drugs placed under the tongue are taking the _____ route

sublingual

definition of allergen

substance to which sensitivity has been established

definition of medication

substances prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effects

what position should the patient be in if they're experiencing a vasovagal reaction to contrast media

supine position wih feet elevated ~ 20* & head elevated 10*

with angina, coronary arteries are unable to...

supply heart with sufficient oxygen

when moving a fractured limb, both ends of injury must be....

supported to prevent further injury

topical route refers to application of medication to....

surface of the skin

definition of thoracotomy

surgical opening made through chest wall for tube placement

definition of tracheostomy

surgical opening through anterior neck into trachea

definition of colostomy

surgically formed fistulas from large bowel through the abdominal wall

definition of ileostomy

surgically formed fistulas from small bowel through abdominal wall

wound dehiscence occurs when...

suture lines part

definition of diaphoretic

sweating

definition of respiratory edema

swelling of respiratory tract

beta blockers suppress the action of the...

sympathetic nervous system

BP is expressed as...

systolic ------------- diastolic

oral medications may come as....

tablets, capsules, granules, & liquids

what are disposable thermometers

temperature sensitive paper with adhesive backing

where is the temporal pulse located

temporal artery

which thermometer is more accurate

temporal artery thermometers

colostomy & ileostomy can be either....

temporary or permanent

platelets are parts of blood that help...

the blood clot

the act of diminishing the therapeutic effect before reaching its target tissue is known as....

the first pass effect


Kaugnay na mga set ng pag-aaral

Salesforce Platform Developer 1 - Set 3

View Set

Chapter 16: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes II: Epigenetics

View Set

Pos III vertebral column Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

View Set

CNIT 155 Final Exam In class exercises VLAB

View Set

Cloud Academy KC: Cloud Concepts (CLF-C01)

View Set

AP US Government Chapter 4 AP Classroom MCQ

View Set