Intro to TESOL quiz 1 (Brown chapters 1-3)

explain behaviorism

Behaviorism: stimulus-response + reinforcement; habit formation

Name and describe the major issues in First Language Acquisition that are provided in chapter 2.

Competence and performance: the underlying knowledge of a system and the overtly observable and concrete manifestation of or realization of competence Comprehension and production: myth that listening/reading = competence while speaking/writing (production) is performance Nature or nurture: is knowledge of or predisposition toward language innate in all human beings or is it learned

what was the main teaching method that came out of behaviorism? explain it

Pavlovian learning: formation of associations between stimuli and responses

define the critical period hypothesis

a biologically determined period of life when language can be acquired more easily and beyond which time language is increasingly difficult to acquire

What is the 7th myth about the relationship between child and adult language acquisition listed at the beginning of the chapter?

a small child simply uses language. He doesn't learn formal grammar. It is equally unnecessary to use grammatical conceptualization in teaching a foreign language

name the main schools of SLA

behaviorist, nativist, connectionist, constructivism, and functional schools

explain nativism/generativism

chomsky's idea that o Universal grammar is the structure that all language have in common

Name and describe the major issues in First Language Acquisition that are provided in chapter 2.

competence and performance comprehension and production nature or nurture universals input systematicity and variability language and thought imitation practice and frequency input discourse

What is the 3rd myth about the relationship between child and adult language acquisition listed at the beginning of the chapter?

first we must practice the separate sounds, words, then sentences because that's the natural order of learning a foreign language

why did chomsky's conclude nativism?

he believed that innate properties of langauge explain the child's mastery of a native language in such a short time despite the highly abstract nature of the rules of language

What is the 6th myth about the relationship between child and adult language acquisition listed at the beginning of the chapter?

if you were able to learn your own language without translation, you should be able to learn a foreign language in the same way

What is the 1st myth about the relationship between child and adult language acquisition listed at the beginning of the chapter?

in language learning we must practice and practice again and again just like a small child learning language

What is the 2nd myth about the relationship between child and adult language acquisition listed at the beginning of the chapter?

language learning is a matter of imitation

explain constructivsm

o integrates linguistic, psychological and sociological aspects

basic ideas of constructivism in second language acquisition

prominent during 1980s-2000s typical themes interactive discourse sociocultulral variables cooperative learning discovery learning construction of meaning interlanguage variability

basic ideas of structural linguistics and behavioral psychology in second language acquisition

prominent early 1900s and 1940s and 1950s typical themes: description observable performance scientific method empiricism surface structure conditioning reinforcement

basic ideas of generative linguistics and cognitive psychology in second language acquisition

prominent in 60s-80s themes: generative linguistics acquisition/ innateness interlanguage systematicity universal grammar competence deep structure

What is the 5th myth about the relationship between child and adult language acquisition listed at the beginning of the chapter?

reading and writing are advanced stages of language development. The natural order for first and second language learning is listening, speaking, reading, writing

What is the 4th myth about the relationship between child and adult language acquisition listed at the beginning of the chapter?

watch a small child's speech development, first he listens then he speaks. Understanding always precedes speaking

explain two branches of constructivism

• cognitive: learners construct a representation of reality through discovery- active learning model • social: learners construct language de to social interaction and 'cooperative learning'- both cognitive and emotional representation of reality