Introduction to Personality and Psychodynamic Theories

Neo-Freudian _____ worked closely with Freud and agreed that the unconscious exerts a powerful influence, but he placed less emphasis on sexual factors.

Jung

The _____ inkblot test assumes that what you see in the blot reflects your inner feelings and conflicts.

Rorschach

This projective test seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of a certain type of abstract pictorial representation.

Rorschach test

Sigmund Freud suggested that adults with a passive and submissive personality, marked by a childlike dependence, demonstrate signs of:

an oral fixation

Marcus is almost 3 years old and is being toilet trained. According to Freud, which stage of development is he currently in?

anal

Helena is afraid to express anger toward her overbearing and irritating supervisor. Instead, she is critical of her children. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Helena's reaction to her children illustrates _____.

displacement

According to Freud, the _____ is largely conscious and acts as a mediator.

ego

Freud believed that this would retrieve painful unconscious memories, often from childhood, and then help them overcome their current troubles.

free association

Jerry was frequently ill as a child, which led him to miss out on many of the activities that his peers experienced. Adler would predict that Jerry would develop a(n) _____ complex.

inferiority

Lee is 35 years old and smokes almost two packs of cigarettes daily. According to Freud, Lee is fixated at which stage of development?

oral

Raquel has always had trouble with her weight. She was not breast-fed when she was an infant and seems to overcompensate now. Raquel is fixated in the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

oral

What is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages?

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

The id is to the _____ principle as the ego is to the reality principle.

pleasure

The defense mechanism known as _____ occurs when people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

projection

While taking a particularly hard exam for her psychology course, Becky was struggling until she realized she could see what the person next to her had written. The person next to her was one of the top students in the class. Becky quickly copied the answers. Instead of feeling guilty about it afterwards, she told her friends that she saw someone else attempting to copy her answers. This BEST illustrates which defense mechanism?

projection

Sigmund Freud is associated with the _____ theory of personality.

psychoanalytic

The role of childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations is MOST clearly emphasized by the _____ theory of personality.

psychoanalytic

The two earliest theories of personality are the _____ and humanistic theories.

psychoanalytic

The two earliest theories of personality are the _____ and _____ theories.

psychoanalytic; humanistic

_____ theories of personality view behavior as reflecting an interaction between the conscious and unconscious mind.

psychodynamic

Kamal has been smoking since he was 15 years old. His doctor tells him that he needs to quit for his health. Kamal tells the doctor, "Look, smoking is the only bad thing I do, and besides, you have to die of something." This BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as _____.

rationalization

Bruno often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bruno BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as _____.

reaction formation

Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

reaction formation

Research by Weinstein and colleagues found that those who unconsciously identify as gay, but who consciously identify as straight, report more negative attitudes toward homosexuality. These results demonstrate which of Freud's defense mechanisms?

reaction formation

According to Freud, the _____ represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations.

superego

Shaun has been confronted by his roommate about his drinking behavior. Shaun tends to binge drink several times during the week, passing out in random places throughout the apartment. Shaun defends himself by saying that his roommate also drinks as do most people their age. Today's researchers would call this:

the false consensus effect

Which Freudian concept is NOT widely embraced by contemporary psychodynamic theorists?

the psychosexual stages

With respect to personality, Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of:

unconscious processes

Sigmund Freud thought that the part of a dream that people remember is a censored version of:

unconscious wishes