Introduction to Psychology: Chapters 15-16

Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine?

A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link.

Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?

Anxiety disorder

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

Aversive Conditioning

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

Avoidant personality disorder

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

Counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?

Dependent Personality Disorder

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?

Dorothea Dix

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?

Excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?

Group therapy

Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe-an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what represents the cognitive distortion?

Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.

Suicidal ideation

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

Systemic desensitization

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice is psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences.

The word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client."

How long does psychoanalysis usually take?

Years

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.

being outside the home alone

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________ perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.

biological; psychological

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiences ________.

mania

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia