Introduction to Psychology: Chapters 6-7

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment

It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots.

__________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes

artificial

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ___________

experiences

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence.

fluid

In ____________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus

higher order

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ______ learning

latent

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

mental set

Kicking your leg when your knee is tapped and quickly pulling you hand back when you accidently touch a hot stove are both examples of...

reflexes

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.

spontaneous recovery

Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________.

stimulus generalization

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

All of the concepts are examples of mental set

Which researchers suggested that language determines thought?

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf

What is the primary conclusion John B Watson's made after working with Little Albert?

Emotions can be a conditioned response.

Which of the following statements about Howard Gardner is false?

He believed discussing IQ as standard deviations from average was inaccurate.

Which of the following statements about Charles Spearman is false?

He divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

A(an) _________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept

prototype

Which of the following is an example of a reflex: an unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environment?

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

In classical conditioning, the _____________________ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e., the stimulus).

unconditioned response