Introduction to Sociology Final Exam Prep

There have been many societies throughout history with no social stratification.

False

Which of the following terms is used to represent the most conservative group within any religion?

fundamentalist

It's a long believed myth that half of marriages will end in divorce.

True

Randall Collins argues that the true function of schools is that they reproduce the class structure, making sure that most people grow up to have a socioeconomic status similar to that of their parents.

True

Doctors and parents are quick to seek a surgical "fix" for babies who are born intersex because _____.

an ambiguously sexed person seems threatening and disturbing in Western society

During the COVID-19 lockdowns in the spring of 2020, Tana had much fewer social interactions than before, and she began to feel disconnected from society. A sociologist would say that Tana was experiencing _____.

anomie

University leaders ignore rumors about the football assistant coach sexually abusing students in order to uphold the reputation of the university's title-winning football program. This action to preserve public image over protecting the safety of students is a result of _____.

groupthink

Incarceration, a frown, and monetary fines are all examples of ________.

sanctions

When Avi went off to college, his grandfather told him to choose his friends wisely in order to stay out of trouble.

Differential Association Theory

Telling a person of color, "you're so articulate".

Microagression

A faulty member dating a graduate student in their class

Mores

What makes the just-world hypothesis psychologically appealing to the average person?

Most people have a strong need to believe that the world is orderly, predictable, and fair.

What would a sociologist call the belief that members of one racial group are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than members of another racial group?

Prejudice

Conduct Coordinator celebrating 5 years at UCF while only making $32,00 a year

Ritualist

The basic premise of Charles Cooley's looking-glass self is that we care what others think of us and develop our sense of self as a result.

The family

A sociology student conducts a study of objects commonly left unclaimed in the "lost and found" at their college. They are researching ________.

material culture

Oscar Lewis was the first to suggest that the poor develop a way of life with fundamentally different values and goals because they are excluded from mainstream social life. Consequently, they are much less likely to join the middle class. This way of life is usually called _____.

the culture of poverty

Janae and Ren are coworkers who recently started dating. One day Janae notices Ren stealing office supplies. She's torn between being a good employee and reporting the theft or helping her new romantic partner avoid getting in trouble. Janae is experiencing

role conflict

The term "master status" is defined as a ________.

status that generally overrides all other statuses a person possesses

Sociologists often point out that systems of stratification in the United States systematically favor white men. People sometimes contest this by referencing wealthy and powerful Black women like Oprah Winfrey or Michelle Obama. A valid counterpoint to this argument is that _____.

stratification is a characteristic of a society rather than a reflection of individual differences

The U.S. Census Bureau defines "family" as people who share a household.

False

What percentage of babies are born intersex?

1.7%

In 2018, this percent of young adults were living with an unmarried partner.

15%

In a 2018 Gallup Poll, this percent of adults surveyed either had children or wanted them.

86%

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

A primary group is small and personal, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

Structural functionalist theory is concerned with the ways in which structures contribute to the stability of society. What is a structure?

A social institution that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society.

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop texting in class.

You are observing children on an elementary school playground. Why might you find some girls playing sports with boys, but almost no boys playing jump rope with girls?

Children are mocked by their peers for crossing gender lines, and boys are mocked more than girls.

Family can allow mistreatment through a sex-based division of labor.

Conflict Theory

The exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers.

Conflict Theory

A faculty member with a PhD in Physics becoming the chair of their program after 15 years of teaching and research

Conformist

Why are child and elder abuse likely to go unreported?

Correct answer: The victims are relatively powerless.

_____ is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members.

Education

A behavior is considered deviant only when the action violates the law.

False

A political party holds a majority in a state's legislature and uses that power to redraw the boundaries of state voting districts in order to give their own party an advantage in future elections. This is an example of redlining.

False

Cultural appropriation are slights, insults, and misperceptions directed at members of a minority group that play out in everyday interactions?

False

Hector is given an award for perfect attendance, this value prepares him to be a good employee for his future employer.

Hidden Curiculum

We occasionally see stories in the media about a high-profile individual, such as a religious or political leader, who does something the society views as wrong despite the individual often being seen as a moral leader. These stories are examples of a disconnect between which two cultural concepts?

Ideal and real culture

Black families being redlined or prevented from living in certain neighborhoods.

Institutional Discrimination

The Golden Rule's definition of Academic Misconduct includes Soliciting assistance with academic coursework and/or degree requirements. The solicitation of assistance with an assignment, lab, quiz, test, paper, etc., without authorization of the instructor of record or designee is prohibited. This includes but is not limited to asking for answers to a quiz, trading answers, or offering to pay another to complete an assignment. It is considered Academic Misconduct to solicit assistance with academic coursework and/or degree requirements, even if the solicitation did not yield actual assistance (for example, if there was no response to the solicitation).

Rules and Regulations

Parents often buy their children gender-specific toys. Boys are given action figures that encourage active and aggressive play, while girls are given dolls and toy ovens that reinforce traditional gender roles. This is part of what process?

Socialization

The definition of family will continue to change and adapt as the meaning of family changes.

Symbolic Interactionism

Max Weber

The Iron Cage of Rationality

Why might Karl Marx and Émile Durkheim be placed far apart on sociology's family tree?

The theoretical approaches they founded are very different.

Karl Marx

Theory of Alienation

Émile Durkheim

Theory of Anomie

How does social class relate to race, ethnicity, gender, and age in the United States?

These multiple dimensions of status and inequality intersect to shape who we are and how we live.

Joyce is a sophomore at Windham High School in Windham, CT. After a successful first year, Joyce was placed into Honors biology, Honors World history, and Honors English. In these classes, she learns a fast-paced curriculum with other students of the same ability who regularly take other honors classes.

Tracking

A democratic government does not equally represent all citizens.

True

A state is called majority-minority when white people comprise less than half the population.

True

Approximately half of all millennials say that marrying someone of a different race is good for society.

True

Conflict theory argues that, although religion is sometimes an oppressive force, it can also sometimes act as a liberating force.

True

Cultural capital refers to the tastes, habits, and expectations that children learn from their parents/guardians, which help them achieve material success in life.

True

In the 1940s and 1950s, Alfred Kinsey surveyed Americans to find out about their sexual behavior. His findings were important because they _____.

challenged the view that Americans were either exclusively heterosexual or homosexual

Critical race theory explores the relationship between race and _____.

politics and power

Unlike folkways, mores are closely related to ________.

the core values of a group

In 2020, this percent of the population over age eighteen were married.

Correct match: 55%

Samantha believes that corporations are not punished enough for polluting the planet, manufacturing unsafe products, and manipulating prices, while, at the same time, homeless people are punished too much for crimes such as stealing food.

Correct match: Conflict Theory

You are tasked with conducting a research project that investigates the relationship between smoking and gender in1980's films.

Correct match: Content Analysis

Women's Suffrage

Correct match: First Wave

A faculty member telling their students about their marital problems in the middle of lectures

Correct match: Folkways

The norms and values that people aspire to display

Correct match: Ideal Culture

Grading student's essays without their names showing

Correct match: Impersonality

Sitting down in person to ask someone about their experience with going through the conduct process

Correct match: Interview

Stealing thousands of dollars from a fund meant to help first generation students

Correct match: Laws

Guidelines regarding that kinds of behaviors are appropriate

Correct match: Norm

The norms and values that people actually display within society

Correct match: Real Culture

Discrimination legislation amended to include sex-based discrimination

Correct match: Second Wave

In all probability, a sociology professor at UCF would be unable to grade an exam given in the chemistry department.

Correct match: Specialization

Families experience more cohesion when parents adopt children of their same racial background.

Correct match: Structural Functionalism

Mothers are suited to provide love, care, and affection to their partners and children.

Correct match: Structural Functionalism

Handing out a questionnaire, asking introduction to sociology students about their favorite sport drinks

Correct match: Survey

Gender impacts the social self so much that individuals feel the necessity to determine a person's gender identity to shape their interaction.

Correct match: Symbolic Interactionism

The widening of issues to include intersectionality of race, sexual orientation, gender identity, and disability

Correct match: Third Wave

Monica is allowed to study and explore topics that interest her instead of following a set curriculum.

Correct match: Unschooling

During the COVID-19 lockdowns in the spring of 2020, Tana had much fewer social interactions than before, and she began to feel disconnected from society. A sociologist would say that Tana was experiencing groupthink.

False

McDonaldization is best described as the phenomenon of McDonald's becoming the biggest fast-food chain in the world by offering different menus catering to cultural and religious sects.

False

Misogyny is an ingrained prejudice against, or dislike, contempt, or hatred of men.

False

Primary deviance occurs when an individual acquires a deviant identity.

False

Qualitative research is superior to quantitative since researchers can ask follow up questions during interviews.

False

Structural functionalism is the theoretical perspective that would lead you to consider the broader social effects of the division of labor between men and women in the household.

False

The advantage of using interviews as a research method is that researchers can analyze data statistically and draw correlations.

False

To be considered a minority group, a group must be a numerical minority.

False

Karl Marx believed that most people accept the status quo of society and deny the truths that perpetuate inequality. What is the term that he used to describe this concept?

False Consciousness

Ade and his parents immigrated to the United States from Nigeria when he was a young child. Growing up, he found himself behaving and talking differently at school than at home because he felt it would help him fit in and be treated like everyone else. Which sociological concept best explains Ade's behavior and interactions with others?

Impression Management

Why is it beneficial for everyone, even people who will never take sociology class, to develop a sociological imagination?

It can help people become aware of the connections between their own lives and the larger course of history

A faculty member who has a history of reporting only students of color to the conduct office for plagiarism.

Individual Discrimination

A popular football player leaving UCF to continue his YouTube channel and now making 200,000 a year as a content creator

Innovator

How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?

Institutional discrimination is more systemic and widespread.

There are usually serious consequences when a politician is caught cheating on his spouse. In some cases, the politician is forced to resign from office when his constituents express their unhappiness with such behavior. According to Émile Durkheim, what function does this reaction serve?

It helps to clarify moral boundaries and reinforce the idea that marital infidelity is wrong.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

Which of the following is a subculture?

Korean pop music fans

Van is a new high school student and becomes friends with a group that cuts class and has stolen school property. The Principle tells Van that he has his eye on him and to watch his step.

Labeling Theory

Some sociologists argue that the use of the word "mankind" to refer to large groups that include both male and female members is an example of sexist language. What does this tell us about the relationship between language and culture?

Language shapes culture, so using gender-neutral language facilitates social change

John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debated during the 1960 presidential campaign. Voters who watched the debate on television were more likely to see Kennedy as the winner than those who listened to it on radio. Why?

Nixon refused to take advice on hair, makeup, and clothing that would have made him look better on camera.

In Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court ruled that Virginia's law banning marriage between persons of different races was unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. What attitude led many to disagree with this decision?

People should partner up with similar people and respect endogamy.

The Egg McMuffin is a vastly more efficient version of eggs Benedict. Egg McMuffins are cheaper, ready almost instantly at drive-through windows, and can be eaten with one hand while driving. However, they do not improve on the taste or experience of eating eggs Benedict. Max Weber might have described the Egg McMuffin as the ________ of breakfast.

Rationalization

Talcott Parsons held the view that the family is responsible for the reproduction of society because it produces and socializes children who will in turn become future workers and produce and socialize more new members of society. What type of theoretical viewpoint is this?

Structural Functionalism

Which of the following theories focuses on how our behaviors are dependent on the ways we interpret, make sense of, and define ourselves, others, and social situations?

Symbolic Interactionism

In the 1900s, there was a strong prejudice against Irish immigrants and their descendants. What does this tell you about the history of the Irish in the United States?

The Irish were once considered to be a separate race.

What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common?

They are all social institutions.

Churches usually teach their members rules and often codify these rules into formal commandments to be followed. Given this, churches can be considered

agents of socialization

Deviance can be considered relative because whether a behavior is considered deviant depends upon the historical, cultural, and situational context in which it occurs.

True

Folkways are considered to loosely enforced norms, such as saying thank you after someone holds a door open for us to walk through.

True

For change to happen in society in order to end oppression, Karl Marx believed that the lower classes must develop class consciousness.

True

High levels of student loan debt can be characterized as both a private and public issue.

True

Men earn more than women at every level of educational attainment.

True

Society and culture could not exist without each other.

True

Stereotypes promise leads to positive performance outcomes, whereas stereotype threat is a result of the fear of performing poorly.

True

The upper class represent 1% of the U.S. population, but it has more wealth than the entire bottom 90%

True

Luke's uncle only listens to and watches political commentary that confirms rather than challenges his existing beliefs. His social media feeds are also filled with like-minded people. A sociologist would say that Luke's uncle _____.

is stuck in a political echo chamber

An example of an aggregate is a _____.

line of people waiting to buy movie tickets

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to spend a lot of time with his teammates and their families, attending barbecues, family dinners, movie nights, and family birthday parties. Michael's basketball team is serving as a _____.

primary group

Laura is a married mother of three who works a full-time job. She is responsible for dropping off and picking up her kids at school each day. She and her husband get home from work around the same time. Laura's husband sits down and relaxes while Laura makes dinner and does housework. After dinner, she helps the children with their homework, reads to them, and puts them to bed. What sociological concept does Laura's situation exemplify?

second shift

The fact that school schedules are organized around Christmas is evidence _____

that the United States is not a totally secular society