IP Addresses and Subnetting

Class A default /8 allows for how many networks?

126

IPv6 addresses are _______________ bits long?

128

Valid Class B First Octet Range

128-191

Valid Class B network address range?

128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0 /16

Class B default /16 allows for how many networks?

16,384

Class B Private IP address range?

172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (subnet 172.16.0.0/12 or 255.240.0.0)

Class B Private address range?

172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 /16

Class B Private IP address default subnet mask? (Slash and dotted decimal notation) (Class B Private does not use the Standard /16)

172.16.0.0/12 or 255.240.0.0

Valid Class C First Octet Range

192 - 223

Valid Class C network address range?

192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0 /24

Class C Private IP address range?

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (subnet 192.168.0.0/16 or 255.255.0.0)

Class C Private address range?

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 /24

Class C Private IP address default subnet mask? (Slash and dotted decimal notation) (Class C Private does not use the Standard /24)

192.168.0.0/16 or 255.255.0.0

IPv4 addresses are _______________ bits long?

32

The two high-order bits in a class B address are always set to ____________?

(Binary) 1 0

The three high-order bits in a class C address are always set to ___________?

(Binary) 1 1 0

The 4 high-order bits in a class D address are always set to _______________?

(Binary) 1 1 1 0

The four high-order bits in a Class E address are set to?

(Binary) 1 1 1 1

Class B default subnet mask in slash notation?

/16

Class C default subnet mask in slash notation?

/24

Class A default subnet mask in slash notation?

/8

The high-order (first) bit in a class A address is always set to ________?

0

Reserved Class A addresses

0.0.0.0/8 and 127.0.0.0/8

Valid Class A First Octet Range

1 - 126

Valid Class A NETWORK address range?

1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0 /8

Valid Class A HOSTS address range?

1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 /8

Class A Private IP address range?

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (subnet 10.0.0.0/8 or 255.0.0.0)

Class A Private address range?

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 /8

Class A Private IP address default subnet mask? (Slash and dotted decimal notation)

10.0.0.0/8 or 255.0.0.0

What are the network address, broadcast address, and valid host addresses for the IP address 198.22.45.173/26? What is the subnet mask in dotted decimal notation?

198.22.45.128, 198.22.45.191, 198.22.45.129 to 198.22.45.190, 255.255.255.192

Formula to calculate the number of available hosts on a subnet? Available hosts for a Class C /28 subnet?

2 to the power of host bits, minus 2. 2 to the power of 4 equals 16, minus 2 equals 14.

Formula to calculate the number of available subnets? Available subnets for a Class C/28 network?

2 to the power of subnet-bits (borrowed bits). 2 to the power of 4 equals 16. The number of subnet bits can differ, depending on the given Class.

Valid Class D First Octet Range

224 - 239

Valid Class D address range?

224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

Valid Class E First Octet Range

240 - 255

Valid Class E address range?

240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

Class B default /24 allows for how many hosts?

254

Class A default subnet mask in dotted decimal notation?

255.0.0.0

Class B default subnet mask in dotted decimal notation?

255.255.0.0

Class C default subnet mask in dotted decimal notation?

255.255.255.0

Class C 200.15.10.0/24. a) What is the dotted decimal version of /31? b) How many subnets, and hosts? c) First and last valid host address range?

255.255.255.0 b) 1 network with 254 hosts c) 200.15.10.1 to 200.15.10.254

Class C 200.15.10.0/24, Convert to /25. a) What is the dotted decimal version of /31? b) How many subnets, and hosts? c) First and last valid host address range?

255.255.255.128 b) 2 networks and 126 hosts each c)

Class C 200.15.10.0/24, Convert to /26. a) What is the dotted decimal version of /31? b) How many subnets, and hosts? c) First and last valid host address range?

255.255.255.192 b) 4 networks and 62 hosts each c)

Class C 200.15.10.0/24, Convert to /27. a) What is the dotted decimal version of /31? b) How many subnets, and hosts? c) First and last valid host address range?

255.255.255.224 b) 8 networks and 30 hosts each c)

Class C 200.15.10.0/24, Convert to /28. a) What is the dotted decimal version of /31? b) How many subnets, and hosts? c) First and last valid host address range?

255.255.255.240 b) 16 subnets and 14 hosts each. c) 200.15.10.1 to 200.15.10.14 and 200.15.10. to 200.15.10.254

_________________ is the broadcast address for "this network"

255.255.255.255

Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

Allows subnets to be different sizes, when subnetting.

Which three classes addresses that can be assigned to hosts?

A, B and C

Basic explanation of NAT

An organization can use private IP addresses on their inside network, and if they send traffic outside their network, NAT will convert this to their public IP address, so it looks like the traffic is coming from the public address. Traffic can then be sent back, through the public address, and converted back to the private.

What type of addresses are assigned to networks with a medium-sized to large-sized number of hosts?

Class B

What type of addresses are assigned to networks with a very large number of hosts?

Class A

What type of address are assigned to small networks?

Class C

CIDR

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

Class(es) _____ addresses are not allocated to hosts, and there is no default subnet mask.

D and E

FLSM

Fixed Length Subnet Masking

When using the formula to calculate the number of hosts available on a subnet, why do you subtract 2?

For the network and broadcast addresses

Remember, router interfaces need _______________ , so will also count as 1 _______________.

IP addresses, host

Class D addresses are reserved for _______________?

IP multicast addresses

IANA

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

When subnetting, always start with the ________________ segment, and allocate a suitable subnet size for it

Largest

127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for ______________?

Loopback address testing for local computer.

Sends one copy of the traffic, from one host, to multiple interested hosts.

Multicast

NAT

Network Address Translation

/31 subnets are supported on Cisco routers for _______________?

Point to point links

Companies can use ________________ to create networks which don't require internet connectivity

Private IP Addresses

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Removed the fixed /8, /16 and /24 requirements for the address classes. Basically allows subnetting

RFC

Request for Comments

Create topology and subnet for Boston and New York Offices, 200.15.10.0/24. Use smallest subnets possible, and leave no room for growth. New York has 13 pcs for sales, 27 pcs for Engineering, Boston has 6 pcs for sales, and 27 for engineering. Write out subnet mask in dotted decimal and slash notation.

SEE NOTES FOR RESULTS.

Example of multicast

Several people tuning into a radio station.

RFC 1918

Specifies private IP address ranges which are not routable on the public internet

What is the high-order bit?

The first bit

ON CCNA, ONLY USE /31 IF____________________

The test specifically asks you to.

Sends one copy of the traffic, from one host, to another host.

Unicast

VLSM

Variable Length Subnet Masks

Fixed Length Subnet Mask is what?

When subnetting, all subnets must be the same size.

Class C 200.15.10.0/24, Convert to /29. a) What is the dotted decimal version of /31? b) How many subnets, and hosts? c) First and last valid host address range?

a) 255.255.255.248 b) 32 subnets and 6 hosts each c) 200.15.10.1 to 200.15.10.6 and 200.15.10.249 to 200.15.10.254

Class C 200.15.10.0/24, Convert to /30. a) What is the dotted decimal version of /31? b) How many subnets, and hosts? c) First and last valid host address range?

a) 255.255.255.252 b) 64 subnets and 2 hosts each c) 200.15.10.1 200.15.10.2 to 200.15.10.253 to 200.15.10.254

Class C 200.15.10.0/24, Convert to /31. a) What is the dotted decimal version of /31? b) How many subnets, and hosts? c) First and last valid host address range?

a) 255.255.255.254 b) 128 subnets and 2 hosts each. c) 200.15.10.0 to 200.15.10.1 and 200.15.10.254 to 200.15.10.255

ALWAYS DO EXACTLY WHAT THE CCNA EXAM TELLS YOU, even if it's not _______________________

best practice

/31 does not require ______________ and ____________ addresses

broadcast and network

Class E address are used for _____________?

experimental and reserved for future use

Overrides the limitation of not allowing network bits of all 0's or all 1's (same as you can't use all 0's or all 1's for host bits)

ip subnet-zero

For hosts on different subnets to communicate with each other, they must go through a ______________?

router

0.0.0.0/8 is reserved for _____________?

signifies "this network"

For a host to send traffic to a host on another subnet, the traffic must go ____________?

via a router