IS 130 Exam 1
What is Amazon Go?
Cashierless stores (called scan and go) take this process a step further using a combination of ceiling mounted cameras and shelf-weight sensors to automatically track customers as they move about a store and the items they place in their carts. Once a customer has finished shopping, they can walk out of the store without needing to scan any item or interact with a cashier. Examples of cashierless stores are Amazon Go Let's look more closely at Amazon Go. To enter the store, customers scan the Amazon Go app at entry turnstiles. From that moment, cameras and sensors identify them by their Amazon account as they shop. Taking an item off the smart shelf adds it to the customer's virtual cart. Putting an item back on the shelf removes it from the customer's cart. When customers are finished shopping, they simply leave the store. Amazon then sends them an email receipt and charges their Amazon account.
Telecommunications
Communication over a distance by cable, telegraph, telephone, or broadcasting
What is click-and-collect?
Customers can order online, go to the store, and pick up their products inside the store, at a drive-through, or curbside
Although many grocery stores now offer online services, overall the industry has concentrated on operating with physical locations for two main reasons. First, many shoppers prefer to select their own products, especially meat, produce, and other perishable goods. Second.....
Few grocers find it profitable to invest in the highly efficient, large-scale cold chains required to make home deliveries.
Russia and China had cyber attacks using?
GPS satellites/technology
What is near field communication (NFC)?
Has the smallest range of any short-range wireless network. It is designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell phones and credit cards
Who is the largest independent grocery delivery service?
Instacart
cold chain
Is a temperature-controlled supply chain that maintains a low-temperature range to preserve and extend the shelf life of products, particularly food and pharmaceuticals.
What are mobile wallets?
Mobile wallets enable users to make purchases with a single click from a mobile device. Also called a digital wallet, is an app that people use to make financial transactions
network computing
Network computers provide a browser-based interface for software and databases provided by servers.
What do we mean by many physical options integrated into one?
Phone (computer, camera, scan, radio, music player
Rajant Corporation
Rajant Corporation is the broadband communications technology company that invented Kinetic Mesh® networking, BreadCrumb® wireless nodes, and InstaMesh® networking software.
What is Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Attacks?
SCADA refers to a large-scale distributed measurement and control system. SCADA systems are used to monitor or to control chemical, physical, and transport processes such as those used in oil refineries, water and sewage treatment plants, electrical generators, and nuclear power plants. Essentially, SCADA systems provide a link between the physical world and the electronic world.
omnichannel strategy
Selling in more than one channel (e.g., stores, Internet, catalog).
data services
Services that make cloud database data and resources available to applications.
Smart Shelves
Smart shelves are fitted with weight sensors and use RFID tags and readers to scan the products on both display and stock shelves. Smart Shelves inform you when items are running low or when items are incorrectly placed on a shelf, which makes your inventory process cost-effective and more precise. Additionally, each RFID tag is connected to a reader, so Smart Shelves are able to detect in-store theft.
What is RFID (radio frequency identification)?
System of tags which contain data that can be read from a distance using radio waves. technology that allows manufacturers to attach tags with antennas and computer chips on goods and then track their movement through radio signals. RFID was developed to replace bar codes.
What is on premise computing?
That is, they own their IT infrastructure (their software, hardware, networks, and data management) and maintain it in their data centers.
Supply Chain Management
a management system that coordinates and integrates all of the activities performed by supply chain members into a seamless process, from the source to the point of consumption, resulting in enhanced customer and economic value Walmart began using bar codes in conjunction with its point-of-sale system to track products. In 1992, the retailer deployed Retail Link, its sophisticated supply chain management system. By sharing point-of-sale data from Walmart stores with suppliers, Retail Link tightly integrated Walmart and its suppliers. Other grocers have only recently begun to deploy these technologies.
telegram
a message sent by telegraph and then delivered in written or printed form
Dematerialization
a phenomenon that occurs when the functions of many physical devices are included in one other physical device. Consider that your smartphone includes the functions of digital cameras for images and video, radios, televisions, Internet access via Web browsers, recording studios, editing suites, movie theaters, GPS navigators, word processors, spreadsheets, stereos, flashlights, board games, card games, video games, an entire range of medical devices, maps, atlases, encyclopedias, dictionaries, translators, textbooks, watches, alarm clocks, books, calculators, address books, credit card swipers, magnifying glasses, money and credit cards, car keys, hotel keys, cellular telephony, Wi-Fi, e-mail access, text messaging, a full QWERTY keyboard, and many, many others
What is intranet?
a privately owned network running TCP/IP such as a company network is a computer network for sharing information, easier communication, collaboration tools, operational systems, and other computing services within an organization, usually to the exclusion of access by outsiders
What mobile porta?
aggregates and provides content and services for mobile users. These services include news, sports, and e-mail; entertainment, travel, and restaurant information; community services; and stock trading. Major players around the world are i-mode from NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone, O2, T-Mobile, Yahoo!, AOL, and MSN.
What is on-demand?
allows the viewer to watch the selected movie or TV content whenever at his or her schedule's convenience.
What is cloud computing?
as a type of computing that delivers convenient, on-demand, pay-as-you-go access for multiple customers to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., servers, networks, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly and easily accessed over the Internet.
Denial of Service (DoS)
attack floods a network or server with service requests to prevent legitimate users' access to the system
brick-and-mortar
businesses do not sell their products on the Internet, but only in physical locations (stores) Refers to businesses that have physical (rather than virtual or online) presences - in other words, stores (built of physical material such as bricks and mortar) that you can drive to and enter physically to see, touch, and purchase merchandise.
RFID tag
consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the information to be transmitted via radio waves The sensors report on the quantity of items on the shelves, thus enabling stores, grocers' warehouses, and vendors to practice real-time inventory management. The sensors communicate with product RFID tags to report misplaced items that do not belong on certain shelves. RFID tags provide more information on products than bar codes, and they enable cashierless checkout.
Internet of Things
describes a system in which everyday objects are connected to the internet and in turn are able to communicate information throughout an interconnected system
Electronic labels will eliminate paper bar codes on each item and enable stores to change all the prices in a store within minutes, a process called ____
digital pricing
What is e-commerce?
electronic business or exchange (buying and selling goods) conducted over the internet
virtual
existing only in the mind or by means of a computer network; existing in results or in essence but not officially or in name
What are short range networks?
have a range of 100 feet or less (e.g., Bluetooth, ultra-wideband (UWB), and near-field communications (NFC)).
Why are grocers deploying omnichannel strategies?
"in order to stay relevant" technological shift (positive shift) Competitive pressures, technological advances, and evolving consumer attitudes and behaviors are transforming the grocery industry. In addition, the COVID 19 pandemic brought new demands on grocers as these essential businesses had to adapt to meet new social distancing requirements and increased demand for contact-less shopping. This strategy encompasses physical environments such as storefronts as well as digital environments such as electronic commerce, mobile applications, and social media. Omnichannel enables customers to seamlessly engage with a company through multiple channels at one time.
When was the standalone PC introduced?
1969
QR code
A Quick Response Code that is attached to an item and that records information related to that item.
standalone pc
A desktop or laptop computer that is used on its own without requiring a connection to a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN).
airdrop
A feature of iOS whereby iPhones and iPads can transfer files between nearby devices. The devices use Bluetooth to detect nearby devices and Wi-Fi to establish connectivity and transfer files.
BridgeFi
A flexible, turn-key loan management platform powering your world class customer experience.
Ubiquity
A mobile device can provide information and communication regardless of the user's location
client/server computing
A model for computing that splits processing between clients and servers on a network, assigning functions to the machine most able to perform the function. Form of distributed processing in which some machines (servers) perform computing functions for end-user PCs (clients).
Joint Information System (JIS)
A structure that integrates incident information and public affairs into a cohesive organization designed to provide consistent, coordinated, accurate, accessible, timely, and complete information during crisis or incident operations. The mission of the JIS is to provide a structure and system for developing and delivering coordinated interagency messages; developing, recommending, and executing public information plans and strategies on behalf of the Incident Commander (IC); advising the IC concerning public affairs issues that could affect a response effort; and controlling rumors and inaccurate information that could undermine public confidence in the emergency response effort.
What is internet?
A worldwide network of interconnected networks
Satellite
Advantages •High bandwidth •Large coverage area Disadvantages •Expensive •Requires unobstructed line of sight •Signals experience propagation delay •Requires the use of encryption for security
Microwave
Advantages •High bandwidth •Relatively inexpensive Disadvantages •Requires an unobstructed line of sight •Susceptible to environmental interference
Radiowave
Advantages •High bandwidth •Signals pass through walls •Inexpensive and easy to install Disadvantages •Creates electrical interference problems •Susceptible to snooping unless encrypted
What is an example of a cashier-less store?
Amazon Go, Ahold Delhaize's "tap to go," and China's BingoBox
What is person-to-person (P2P)?
An alternative source of financing, person-to-person (P2P) lending platforms use machine learning technologies and algorithms to save individuals and businesses time and money and help them access a line of credit. P2P lending platforms provide borrowers with an easy, fast, simple, and lower-cost service that most traditional banks cannot match.
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
An attack on a computer or network device in which multiple computers send data and requests to the device in an attempt to overwhelm it so that it cannot perform normal operations.
When did the online grocery start ups start?
Appeared in the late 1990s. Notable examples were Webvan and HomeGrocer
fiber-optic cable
Cable that uses light guided through thin glass tubes, instead of electrical signals, to transmit data. It is very fast but also expensive.
twisted-pair cable
Cables made of copper wires that are twisted around each other and are surrounded by a plastic jacket (such as traditional home phone wire).
What are medium range networks?
the familiar wireless local area networks (WLANs) and the most common type of Medium-Range network is wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi).
M-commerce
•Also known as "M-commerce" • •Drivers of M-commerce •Widespread availability of mobile devices •Declining prices •Bandwidth improvement •Mobile Commerce Applications Include: •Location-Based Applications and Services •Financial Services •Intrabusiness Applications •Accessing Information •Telemetry Applications
Mobile computing
•Two Major Characteristics •Mobility •Broad Reach •Mobility & Broad Reach Create 5 value-added attributes •Ubiquity •Convenience •Instant connectivity •Personalization •Localization of Products and Services
Connecting Africans with Wi-Fi
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU; www.itu.int) is a United Nations agency that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies. At the end of 2019, the ITU estimated that 54 percent of the global population had Internet access. Africa lagged behind other continents, except for Antarctica. However, Africa has seen rapid growth in the percentage of its people who are online, from 2 percent in 2005 to almost 40 percent in the first quarter of 2020. In an attempt to connect the remainder of its population, the African Union (www.au.int), along with the World Bank, launched Moonshot Africa, an initiative to double broadband access on the continent by 2021 and make it universal by 2030. The African Union is a continental body consisting of the 55 member nations. Connecting Africans via broadband access is a huge challenge. Africans who are offline are typically impoverished and tend to live in rural areas that lack any communications infrastructure. Telecommunications companies do not invest in these areas because capital expenditures are high and population density is low, a combination that seriously limits potential revenue. However, the Danish company Bluetown (www.bluetown.com) has devised an innovative strategy to reach this underserved market. Company engineers construct Wi-Fi towers with microwave antennas, powered by solar panels. The company then connects these systems to the closest fiber-optic cables. Since 2014 Bluetown has brought nearly 1,000 villages in Tanzania, Ghana, Rwanda, and Mozambique online. The installations cost one-tenth as much as a standard 3G base station, and they operate on free, unlicensed communications bands such as television white space. Television white space refers to unused TV channels situated between active channels. The company does not earn a great deal of profit from selling data, so it increases revenue by selling content distribution services to local organizations via a local cloud computing infrastructure. Specifically, it provides articles and videos about agriculture, education, and health care, all of which are free to users. These topics are critical to rural villagers.
What is security?
The degree of protection against criminal activity, danger, damage, and/or loss.
What is mobility?
Users carry a device with them and can initiate a real-time contact with other systems from wherever they happen to be
Who is the largest grocer in the United States?
WALMART
What is broad reach?
When users carry an open mobile device, they can be reached instantly, even across great distances
Electronic labels
Will eliminate paper bar codes on each item and enable stores to change all the prices in a store within minutes, a process called digital pricing
What is Ultra wideband (UWB)?
a high-bandwidth wireless technology with transmission speeds in excess of 100 Mbps which makes UWB a good choice for applications such as streaming multimedia from a personal computer to a television.
What occurred with the Vietnamese government and telecommunications?
highly centralized, planned economy to a market-based economy. The government decided to maintain some centralized government planning but also provide free market incentives, such as encouraging people to establish private businesses. These reforms also helped to transform the country's telecommunications industry, which was the key technological driver behind Vietnam's digital transformation. From 1945 until 1985, the Communist Party had controlled the country's telecommunications industry. In this capacity it restricted access to telecommunications services to high-ranking government officials. Vietnam's telecommunications transformation occurred slowly. As late as 1995 the country had only 3.8 telephones per 100 people. Furthermore, the Vietnamese people had to pay 3-4 times more than average global telecommunications prices for telecom services. Further, the government continued to restrict competition from foreign telecommunications companies. In the early 2000s, Vietnam finally began to encourage foreign investment in the development of its telecommunications infrastructure. Specifically, the government designated Siemens, a German-based multinational corporation, to build the entire Vietnamese microwave system. The government also increased the number of primary telecommunications links across the country, and it ensured that all provinces were connected to Vietnam's three major cities—Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), with fiber-optic cable and microwave links. Following these developments, mobile networks began to emerge. Today, the five major companies in Vietnam's mobile market are Viettel Mobile, MobiFone, VinaPhone, VietnamMobile, and Gmobile. A modern telecommunications infrastructure is changing the way the Vietnamese people conduct business, manufacture goods, entertain themselves, shop, manage their finances, and communicate. Let's take a closer look at five businesses that have benefited from Vietnam's digital transformation: Appota, Tiki, Skinlosophy, and Timo.
stanalone mainframe
informally called a mainframe or big iron,[1] is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.
omni-channel marketing
interacting with the customer across multiple channels (brick-and mortar-, website, social media, mobile, etc.), and ensuring the experience across all channels is seamless. integrated, and consistent
What is a mesh network?
is a group of devices that act as a single Wi-Fi network
What is voice portal?
is a website with an audio interface. Voice portals are not websites in the normal sense because they can also be accessed through a standard phone or a cell phone. A phone number connects you to a website on which you can request information verbally. The system finds the information, translates it into a computer-generated voice reply, and tells you what you want to know. Most airlines use voice portals to provide real-time information on flight status. Another example of a voice portal is the voice-activated 511 travel-information line developed by Tellme.com. This technology helps callers inquire about weather, local restaurants, current traffic, and other valuable information.
What is localization?
knowing a user's physical location helps a company advertise its products and services
What is ubiquitous?
present, appearing, or found everywhere
What is telemetry?
refers to the wireless transmission and receipt of data gathered from remote sensors
