IS 301 Final review

Which of the following statements best describes the phenomenon called "the wisdom of crowds"?

"Wisdom of crowds" refers to the belief that large numbers of people can make better decisions about a wide range of topics or products than a single person or even a small committee of experts.

Which of the following describes joint application design (JAD)?

A technique used to accelerate the generation of information requirements and to develop the initial systems design

What is a touch point?

A touch point is a method of interaction with the customer, such as telephone, e-mail, customer service desk, conventional mail, Facebook, Twitter, Web site, wireless device, or retail store.

__________ focuses on the rapid delivery of working software by breaking a large project into a series of small subprojects that are completed in short periods of time using iteration and continuous feedback.

Agile development

Which of the following is true of an application software package?

An application software package is evaluated based on a Request for Proposal submitted to a packaged-software vendor.

Which of the following sells physical products directly to consumers or to individual businesses?

An e-tailer

Which of the following best describes an e-tailer business model?

An e-tailer sells physical products directly to consumers or to individual businesses.

Which of the following statements best describes an expert system?

An expert system is an intelligent technique for capturing tacit knowledge in a very specific and limited domain of human expertise.

Which of the following does the scenario illustrate?

Behavioral targeting

Which of the following statements about the implementation of enterprise applications is true?

Enterprise applications require not only deep-seated technological changes but also fundamental changes to the way the business operates.

Which of the following statements best defines the term exchanges?

Exchanges are independently owned third-party Net marketplaces that connect thousands of suppliers and buyers for spot purchasing.

__________ refers to all organizational activities working toward the adoption, management, and routinization of an innovation, such as a new information system.

Implementation

Which of the following statement best describes a push-based model?

In a push-based model, actual customer orders or purchases trigger events in the supply chain.

Which of the following statements about information technology and management decision making is true?

Information technology provides new tools for managers to carry out both their traditional and newer roles, enabling them to monitor, plan, and forecast with more precision and speed than ever before.

__________ cannot be immediately quantified but may provide quantifiable benefits in the future.

Intangible benefits

__________ use(s) a built-in or learned knowledge base to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for an individual user, business process, or software application.

Intelligent agents

Which of the following best describes internal integration tools?

Internal integration tools are a project management technique that ensures that the implementation team operates as a cohesive unit.

Which of the following statements is true of a geosocial service?

It can tell a person where friends are meeting.

What is machine learning?

It is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without explicit programming.

Which of the following is true of end-user development?

It poses organizational risks due to inadequate control over data that is outside traditional information systems.

Which of the following statements about an enterprise system is true?

It provides firmwide information to help managers make better decisions.

Which of the following is true of the effect of the ubiquitous nature of the Internet on e-commerce?

It reduces transaction costs for a customer.

Which of the following best describes long tail marketing?

Long tail marketing refers to the ability of firms to profitably market goods to very small online audiences, largely because of the lower costs of reaching very small market segments (people who fall into the long tail ends of a Bell curve).

__________ is especially well-suited for location-based applications, such as finding local hotels and restaurants, monitoring local traffic and weather, and providing personalized location-based marketing.

M-commerce

Which of the following is the creation of new standard operating procedures and business processes that reflect an organization's experience?

Organizational learning

Which of the following best describes organizational learning?

Organizational learning is the creation of new standard operating procedures and business processes that reflect an organization's experience.

Which of the following comprehensive CRM packages will best assist the company in enhancing its collaboration with distributors and retailers?

Partner relationship management

Which of the following alternative methods for building information systems can be called an iterative process?

Prototyping

Programs such as Total Quality Management and Six Sigma emphasize which of the following organizational changes?

Rationalization of procedures

Which of the following is a tangible benefit?

Reduced rate of growth in expenses

What is an effect of the universal technical standards of the Internet and e-commerce on customers?

Reducing search costs

Which of the following statements best describes scope?

Scope defines what work is or is not included in a project.

Which of the following will best help Z-Gadgets to select projects with multiple criteria?

Scoring model

Which of the following concern(s) situations where only part of the problem has a clear-cut answer provided by an accepted procedure?

Semistructured decisions

Which of the following best describes supply chain planning systems?

Supply chain planning systems enable a firm to model its existing supply chain, generate demand forecasts for products, and develop optimal sourcing and manufacturing plans.

Conducting a feasibility study and establishing the information requirements are parts of which stage of the systems development process?

Systems analysis

__________ measures the number of customers who stop using or purchasing products or services from a company.

The churn rate

Which of the following is true of digital goods?

The cost of producing the original first unit of a digital good is nearly the total cost of the product.

What are prediction markets?

They are established peer-to-peer betting markets where participants make bets on specific outcomes.

Which of the following statements best describes virtual reality systems?

They are interactive graphics software and hardware that create computer-generated simulations that provide sensations that emulate real-world activities.

Which of the following statements best describes knowledge network systems?

They provide an online directory of corporate experts and their profiles, with details about their job experience, projects, publications, and educational degrees.

Which of the following statements is true of a geoinformation service?

Waze is an example of a geoinformation service.

Fuzzy logic can describe _________.

a particular process or phenomenon linguistically and then represent that description in a small number of flexible rules

In enterprise applications, tools for flexible reporting, ad hoc analysis, interactive dashboards, what-if scenario analysis, and data visualization are a part of __________.

business intelligence tools

An organizational impact analysis _________.

explains how a proposed system will affect organizational structure, attitudes, decision making, and operations

A __________ is an interactive computer-based system for facilitating the solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a team in the same location or in different locations.

group decision-support system

The design stage of the decision-making process involves _________.

identifying and exploring various solutions to the problem

In the __________ role, managers act as figureheads for the organization when they represent their companies to the outside world and perform symbolic duties.

interpersonal

Tacit knowledge refers to _________.

knowledge that encompasses the insights, judgment, creative processes, and wisdom that come from learning and long experience in a field, and from many trials and errors

The implementation stage of the decision-making process involves __________.

making the chosen alternative work and continuing to monitor how well the solution is working

A(n) __________ is a planned series of related activities for achieving a specific business objective.

project

The level of __________ rises if the project team and the information system staff lack the required technical expertise.

project

External integration tools are a __________.

project management technique that links the work of the implementation team to that of users at all organizational levels

Learning management systems __________.

provide tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning and training

In a(n) __________ model, actual customer orders or purchases trigger events in the supply chain. Transactions produce and deliver only what customers have ordered and move up the supply chain from retailers to distributors to manufacturers and eventually to suppliers.

pull-based

A __________ assigns weights to various features of a system and then calculates the weighted totals.

scoring model

Tools enabling a business to link customer conversations, data, and relationships from social networking sites to CRM processes are called __________.

social CRM

Location analytics refers to __________.

the ability to gain business insights from the geographic component of data, including location data from mobile phones, output from sensors or scanning devices, and data from maps

Management focused on its formal functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, deciding, and controlling describes __________.

the classical model of management

System documentation showing each level of design, the relationship among levels, and the overall place in the design structure is called __________.

the structure chart

Which of the following statements is true of a change agent?

A change agent is the systems analyst in the implementation process.

__________ is a problem-solving method that promotes the evolution of solutions to specified problems using the model of living organisms adapting to their environment.

A genetic algorithm

Which of the following best describes a genetic algorithm?

A genetic algorithm is a problem-solving method that promotes the evolution of solutions to specified problems using the model of living organisms adapting to their environment.

What is a paradigm shift?

A paradigm shift offers high rewards with substantial chances of risk.

What is a portfolio analysis?

A portfolio analysis will best help management determine the optimal mix of investment risk and reward for the firm, balancing riskier high-reward projects with safer lower-reward ones.

Which of the following statements best describes a private industrial network?

A private industrial network is owned by the buyer, and permits the firm and designated suppliers, distributors, and other business partners to share product design and development, marketing, production scheduling, inventory management, and unstructured communication, including graphics and e-mail.

Which of the following best describes a supply chain?

A supply chain is a network of organizations and business processes for procuring raw materials, transforming these materials into intermediate and finished products, and distributing the finished products to customers.

Which of the following best defines an electronic data interchange (EDI)?

An electronic data interchange (EDI) enables the computer-to-computer exchange between two organizations of standard transactions such as invoices, bills of lading, shipments schedules, and purchase orders.

Which of the following statements best describes and information systems plan?

An information systems plan contains a statement of corporate goals and specifies how information technology will support the attainment of those goals.

__________ refers to the development of information systems by end users with little or no formal assistance from technical specialists.

And-user development

__________ consists of computer-based systems (both hardware and software) that attempt to emulate human behavior.

Artificial intelligence (AI)

Which of the following statements about e-commerce and business-to-business transactions is true?

B2B e-commerce creates efficiencies by enabling companies to locate suppliers, solicit bids, place orders, and track shipments in transit electronically.

__________ state(s) that the actual behavior of managers appears to be less systematic, more informal, less reflective, more reactive, and less well organized than previously thought.

Behavioral models

__________ attempt(s) to systematically translate a firm's strategies into operational targets.

Business performance management

__________ reorganizes workflows, combining steps to cut waste and eliminate repetitive, paper-intensive tasks.

Business process redesign

__________ are one of several techniques used to measure the value of investing in long-term capital investment projects.

Capital budgeting models

Which of the following is artificial intelligence technology that represents knowledge as a database of cases and solutions?

Case-based reasoning (CBR)

Which term best describes Harry's role?

Change agent

Which stage of the decision-making processes consists of choosing among solution alternatives?

Choice stage

___________ expedites application development by grouping pre-existing objects into suites of software components that can be combined to create large-scale business applications.

Component-based development

Which of the following is a kind of knowledge work system that automates the creation and revision of designs using computers and sophisticated graphics software?

Computer-aided design (CAD)

Which of the following statements best describes counterimplementation?

Counterimplementation is a deliberate strategy to thwart the implementation of an information system or an innovation in the organization.

Which of the following statements about the "wisdom of crowds" and crowdsourcing is true?

Crowdsourcing utilitizing the "wisdom of crowds" helps companies learn from customers in order to improve product offerings and increase customer value.

What is the primary tool for structured analysis that graphically illustrates a system's component processes and the flow of data between them?

Data flow diagram (DFD)

__________ determines how much product a business needs to satisfy all of its customers' demand.

Demand planning

Which of the following statements best describes demand planning?

Demand planning determines how many product a business needs to satisfy all of its customers' demands.

Which of the stages of the decision-making process involves identifying and exploring various solutions to the problem?

Design

__________ classify, store, and distribute digital objects such as photographs, graphic images, video, and audio content.

Digital asset management systems

Which of the following statements best describes digital asset management systems?

Digital asset management systems help companies to classify, store, and distribute digital objects such as photographs, graphic images, video, and audio content.

__________ deals with employee issues that are closely related to CRM, such as setting objectives, employee performance management, performance-based compensation, and employee training.

Employee relationship management

_________ include corporate repositories of documents, reports, presentations, and best practices, as well as capabilities for collecting and organizing semistructured knowledge such as e-mail.

Enterprise content management systems

Which of the following best describes enterprise content management systems?

Enterprise content management systems help organizations manage both structured and semistructured knowledge, and they have capabilities for knowledge capture, storage, retrieval, distribution, and preservation to help firms improve their business processes and decisions.

__________ are general-purpose firmwide efforts to collect, store, distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge.

Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems

Which of the following statements best describes enterprise-wide knowledge management systems?

Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems are general-purpose firmwide efforts to collect, store, distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge.

__________ are independently owned third-party Net marketplaces that connect thousands of suppliers and buyers for spot purchasing.

Exchanges

Which of the following statements best describes explicit knowledge?

Explicit knowledge is knowledge that can be documented and codified, often stored in information systems, on Web sites, in spreadsheets, or in handbooks and manuals.

_________ are a project management technique that links the work of the implementation team to that of users at all organizational levels.

External integration tools

Which of the following best describes formal planning tools?

Formal planning tools are a project management technique that structures and sequences tasks, budgeting time, money, and technical resources required to complete the tasks.

__________ is rule-based AI that tolerates imprecision by using nonspecific terms called membership functions to solve problems.

Fuzzy logic

Which of the following provide tools to help decision makers visualize problems that benefit from mapping?

Geographic information systems

Which of the following statements best describes geographic information systems (GIS)?

Geographic information systems (GIS) provide tools to help decision makers visualize problems that benefit from mapping.

Which of the following can tell you where your friends are meeting?

Geosocial service

Which of the following best describes group decision-support systems (GDSS)?

Group decision-support systems (GDSS) are interactive computer-based systems that facilitate the solution to unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group.

Which of the following statement best describes a pull-based model?

In a pull-based model, production master schedules are based on forecasts or best guesses of demand for products, and products are `pushed` to customers.

Which of the following best describes the free/freemium revenue model?

In the free/freemium revenue model, firms offer basic services or content for free, while charging a premium for advanced or special features.

What is done in the planning phase for the development of an e-commerce presence for a start up company?

In this phase you would envision your Web presence and write a Web mission statement.

Which of the following contains a statement of corporate goals and specifies how information technology will support the attainment of those goals?

Information systems plan

Which of the following statements about an enterprise system is true?

It helps find ways to increase accurate on-time shipments of a company.

Which of the following represents an unstructured decision in this scenario?

Jaden's interest in expanding business into the Asian market

Which of the following is a technique used to accelerate the generation of information requirements and to develop the initial systems design?

Joint application design

__________ refers to the set of business processes developed in an organization to create, store, transfer, and apply knowledge.

Knowledge management

Which of the following best describes knowledge management?

Knowledge management refers to the set of business processes developed in an organization to create, store, transfer, and apply knowledge.

Which of the following provide an online directory of corporate experts and their profiles, with details about their job experience, projects, publications, and educational degree?

Knowledge network systems

__________ are specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company.

Knowledge work systems

Which of the following best defines a knowledge work system?

Knowledge work systems (KWS) are specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company.

__________ provide tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning and training.

Learning management systems

Which of the following refers to the ability of firms to profitably market goods to very small online audiences, largely because of the lower costs of reaching very small market segments (people who fall into the long tail ends of a Bell curve)?

Long tail marketing

Which of the following statements best describes the classical model of management?

Management focused on its formal functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, deciding, and controlling

of the following is true of an application software package?

Once an organization buys an application software package, it can customize the source code further to match user requirements.

In this scenario, which of the following most likely caused the failure of the organization's systems development project?

Poor project management

Which of the following can be used to evaluate alternative system projects once the overall direction of systems development is determined?

Portfolio analysis

__________ is the use of data mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as the probability a customer will respond to an offer or purchase a specific product.

Predictive analytics

Which of the following statements is true of predictive analytics?

Predictive analytics is the use of data mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as the probability a customer will respond to an offer or purchase a specific product.

__________ refers to the ease with which consumers can find out the variety of prices in a market.

Price transparency

The programming stage of the systems development process is best described by which of the following?

Programming translates the system specifications prepared during the design stage into program code.

Which of the following statements best describes project management?

Project management activities include planning the work, assessing risk, estimating resources required to accomplish the work, organizing the work, acquiring human and material resources, assigning tasks, directing activities, controlling task execution, reporting progress, and analyzing the results.

__________ is a model that asks what-if questions repeatedly to predict a range of outcomes when one or more variables are changed multiple times.

Sensitivity analysis

Which of the following statements best describes sensitivity analysis?

Sensitivity analysis is a model that asks what-if questions repeatedly to predict a range of outcomes when one or more variables are changed multiple times.

Google Apps, Photobucket.com, and Dropbox are all examples of which e-commerce business model?

Service provider

Which of the following best describes social CRM?

Social CRM is tools enabling a business to link customer conversations, data, and relationships from social networking sites to CRM processes.

Which of the following indicates that String is using the prototyping approach?

String initially creates a demo application and then adds more functionality based on user feedback.

Which of the following indicates that String is using the systems life cycle methodology when building the information system?

String uses a phased approach to create the information system in distinctly different stages.

Which of the following statements best describes structured decisions?

Structured decisions are repetitive and routine decisions which are handled procedurally.

__________ is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors.

Structured knowledge

Which of the following statements best describes structured knowledge?

Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors.

__________ refers to techniques that are carefully drawn up, step by step, with each step building on a previous one.

Structured methodology

Which of the following best describes supply chain execution systems?

Supply chain execution systems manage the flow of products through distribution centers and warehouses to ensure that products are delivered to the right locations in the most efficient manner.

Systems analysis is best described by which of the following?

Systems analysis is the analysis of a problem that the organization will try to solve with an information system.

__________ details how a system will meet the information requirements as determined by the systems analysis.

Systems design

__________ refers to knowledge that encompasses the insights, judgment, creative processes, and wisdom that come from learning and long experience in a field, and from many trials and errors.

Tacit knowledge

__________ refers to a framework for operationalizing a firm's strategic plan by focusing on measurable financial, business process, customer, and learning and growth outcomes of firm performance.

The balanced scorecard method

Which of the following best describes the balanced scorecard method?

The balanced scorecard method refers to a framework for operationalizing a firm's strategic plan by focusing on measurable financial, business process, customer, and learning and growth outcomes of firm performance.

What is the bullwhip effect?

The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon in which information about the demand for a product gets distorted as it passes from one entity to the next across the supply chain.

Which of the following statements about the just-in-time strategy is true?

The just-in-time strategy is a scheduling system for minimizing inventory by having components arrive exactly at the moment they are needed and finished goods shipped as soon as they leave the assembly line.

Which of the following defines rapid application development?

The process of creating workable systems in a very short period of time

Which of the following statements best describes a structure chart?

The structure chart is system documentation showing each level of design, the relationship among levels, and the overall place in the design structure.

__________ is the oldest method for building information systems and its methodology is a phased approach to building a system, dividing systems development into formal stages.

The systems life cycle

Which of the following best defines m-commerce?

The use of handheld wireless devices for purchasing goods and services from any location

Which of the following statements is true of information systems projects in organizations?

There is a very high failure rate among information systems projects.

Identify the statement that best describes unstructured decisions.

Unstructured decisions are nonroutine, and there is no agreed-on procedure for making them.

Every project is constrained by three fundamental factors

__________.:time, cost, and scope

In their interpersonal role, managers _________.

act as figureheads for the organization to the outside world and perform symbolic duties

In their informational role, managers __________.

act as the nerve centers of their organizations, receiving the most concrete, up-to-date information and redistributing it to those who need to be aware of it

In the __________, Web sites send visitors to other Web sites in return for a referral fee or percentage of the revenue from any resulting sales.

affiliate revenue model

An intelligent technique for capturing tacit knowledge in a very specific and limited domain of human expertise is called __________.

an expert system

The most common form of information technology-enabled organizational change is __________.

automation

Partner relationship management is a comprehensive CRM package that will __________.

best assist a company in enhancing its collaboration with distributors and retailers

Integrating the information streams produced by a firm into a single, coherent enterprise-wide set of data, and then using modeling, statistical analysis tools, and data mining tools to make sense out of all these data so that managers can make better decisions and better plans describes the functions of __________.

business intellingence (BI) and business analytics (BA)

Maintenance includes _________.

changes in hardware, software, documentation, or procedures to a production system to correct errors, meet new requirements, or improve processing efficiency

The choice stage of the decision-making process __________.

consists of choosing among solution alternatives

The intelligence stage involves __________.

discovering, identifying, and understanding the problems occurring in the organization—why a problem exists, where, and what effects it is having on the firm

A(n) __________ enables the computer-to-computer exchange between two organizations of standard transactions such as invoices, bills of lading, shipments schedules, and purchase orders.

electronic data interchange

A(n) __________ is an integrated suite of business applications for virtually every department, process, and industry, allowing companies to integrate information across operations on a company-wide basis using one large database.

enterprise system

The __________ stage of the decision-making process involves making the chosen alternative work and continuing to monitor how well the solution is working.

implementation

There is a very high failure rate among projects involving __________.

mergers and acquisitions

An approach to systems development that uses the object as the basic unit of systems analysis and design is called __________.

object-oriented development methodology

A __________ is owned by the buyer, and permits the firm and designated suppliers, distributors, and other business partners to share product design and development, marketing, production scheduling, inventory management, and unstructured communication, including graphics and e-mail.

private industrial network

In a(n) __________ model, production master schedules are based on forecasts for best guesses of demand for products, and products are pushed to customers.

push-based

Intelligent agents are _________.

software programs that use a built-in or learned knowledge base to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for an individual user, business process, or software application

Behavioral models state that __________.

the actual behavior of managers appears to be less systematic, more informal, less reflective, more reactive, and less well organized than the classical model would have us believe