IS 3100 - Chapter 10 - Methods of Securing Information

Malware is short for malicious software and is designed to steal information, destroy data, impact the operations of a computer or network, or frustrate the user. Common types of malware include:

Viruses, Trojans, Worms

According to the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST), cybersecurity personnel can take steps to ensure data and systems are protected. The first thing an organization should conduct is a cybersecurity risk assessment. The cybersecurity risk assessment is concerned with answering which of the following questions?

What are the internal and external vulnerabilities? What are the relevant threats and the threat sources to our organization? What are our organization's most important information technology assets?

Security risk can be calculated using the following calculation: Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x .

asset

One method organizations are using to deal with the increase in cybersecurity threats and the decrease in the effectiveness of traditional security means is through the use of science in their data and network security policies.

behavior or behavioral

A _ hat hacker breaks into computer systems with the intent of causing damage or stealing data.

black

A group of computers under the control of a hacker is referred to as a .

botnet, botnets, or bot net

A deliberate misuse of computers and networks, _____ use malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network.

cyberattacks

A crime in which a computer is the object of the crime or is used to commit a criminal offense is called _____.

cybercrime

Cyberattacks that originate and are executed by foreign governments is called state-sponsored . These attacks can be directly launched by a foreign government or by a group or individual who has been paid by to execute the attack.

cyberwarfare or cyber warfare

A denial-of-service (DDoS) attack takes place when a hacker gains unauthorized access and control of a network of computers that are connected to the Internet.

distributed

Hardware or software used to keep a computer secure from outside threats such as hackers and viruses by allowing or blocking Internet traffic is called a ____.

firewall

Personal software are typically included with the operating system and can be configured based on user preference.

firewalls or firewall

A form of spyware that records all actions typed on a keyboard is called a _ logger.

keystroke or key

Malware is short for software.

malicious or malicious software

Businesses need to take steps to protect computer systems, data, and information from disasters.

natural

Specialized hardware or software that capture packets transmitted over a network are called packet _____.

sniffers

Unlike phishing which does not have a specific target and is designed to reach the maximum amount of people, phishing is a precise type of attack.

spear

As reported by Andrei Ene, Tiny Banker (TBT) is one of the worst malware attacks in the last 10 years.

trojan or Trojan

Sharing infected files and opening an infected email attachment are ways that a computer _ can infect a digital device.

virus

Computer experts that attempt to hack into a network to ensure that it is protected against intrusions are called _ -hat hackers.

white

Many organizations hire computer experts who test the security measures of an organization's information systems to ensure they are protected against intrusions. These experts use a variety of techniques including hacking, penetration testing, and vulnerability testing. These types of experts are known as _____ hackers.

white-hat

Put the steps for how a virus infects a digital device in the correct order.

1. The virus arrives via email attachment, file download, or by visiting a website that has been infected. 2. An action such as running or opening a file activates the virus. 3. The infection spreads to other computers via infected email, files, or contact with infected web sites. 4. The payload or the component of a virus that executes the malicious activity hits the computer and other infected devices.

Recently, TechJury compiled a list of cybersecurity statistics that show the impact of different malware and network attacks. What percentage of cyberattacks are aimed at small businesses?

43%

What percentage of cyberattacks are aimed at small business?

43%

What percentage of daily email attachments are harmful for their intended recipient?

85%

What percentage of cyberattacks are launched with a phishing email?

91%

Which of the following statements about computer viruses are true?

A computer virus is software that infects computers and is created using computer code. Viruses can destroy programs or alter the operations of a computer or network.

Used by firewalls, routers, and computers that are part of a network and are connected to the Internet, Network ___ Translation provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses.

Access

What type of hacker breaks into computer systems with the intent of causing damage or stealing data?

Black hat hackers

Which of the following are considered cybercrimes?

Computer hacking, Trojan horse viruses, Digital identity theft

You are speaking with a friend about how to protect yourself from phishing scams. Your friend (who works in cybersecurity) gives you some advice about what to do if you receive a phishing message. Which of the following statements would be considered good advice?

Contact US-CERT. If you receive a suspicious message, contact the institution that the message was allegedly sent from. Banks and credit card companies will never ask you to provide personal information via email messages.

Rootkits are typically used to allow hackers to do which of the following?

Create a backdoor into a computer, Remotely control the operations of a computer.

Which 3 of the following are examples of cyberattacks?

Identity theft, DoS attacks, Pharming and phishing

Before data security strategies are created, which questions must be answered?

Is this the highest priority security risk? What is the risk I am reducing? Am I reducing the risk in the most cost-effective way?

One method organizations are using to deal with the increase in cybersecurity threats and the decrease in the effectiveness of traditional security means is through the use of behavior science in their data and network security policies. One of these methods is called UEBA. Select the true statements about UEBA.

It is a type of cybersecurity that observes and records the conduct of computer and network users, UEBA stands for user and entity behavior analytics, UEBA uses a variety of different tactics to create a map of pattern behavior including machine learning, statistical analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI)

Select the true statements about keystroke loggers.

Keystroke loggers can record passwords and confidential information, Can be hardware devices and software applications, Software based keystroke loggers are often a Trojan that is installed without the user's knowledge

Select the true statements about packet sniffers.

Legitimate sniffers are used for routine examination and problem detection, Unauthorized sniffers are used to steal information

The technology that provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses is called _____.

NAT

Select the true statements about ransomware attacks.

One of the most popular methods used in ransomware attacks is through phishing. Ransomware is malware that makes a computer's data inaccessible until a ransom is paid. Ransomware attacks invade computers via Trojan Horse viruses, worms, or by a user opening a legitimate looking email.

Select the true statements about white hat hackers.

The goal of white hat hackers is to find gaps in network security and to test security defenses. Breach and attack simulation technologies are used to automate hacking and threat/infiltration analysis.Use the same techniques and tools that are used by illegitimate hackers.

Mohammed is experiencing issues with his work computer. He speaks to the IT department and they identify various symptoms of a computer virus. Symptoms of a computer virus include:

The operating system may not launch properly, Unexpected error messages, Critical files may be automatically deleted

Often accompanying downloaded music or apps, programs that appear to be legitimate, but executes an unwanted activity when activated is called a _____.

Trojan

There are multiple ways ransomware attacks can be launched. Which of the following are methods a ransomware attack can be launched?

Trojan Horse, Phishing

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which of the following are steps businesses can take to help protect systems, data, and information from natural disasters?

Store data in different areas across the United States (geographic data redundancy), Create a business continuity plan, Utilize off-site cloud storage

According to National Institute for Standards , once a cybersecurity risk assessment has been conducted and the various questions in the risk assessment have been answered, an organization will be able to decide what to protect.

Technology or technology

Select the reasons a government may choose to get involved in state-sponsored cyberwarfare.

Cyberwarfare is often difficult to trace and identify. Cyberwarfare is relatively inexpensive when compared to traditional warfare. Cyberwarfare can cause widespread damage to IT infrastructure.

A hacker launches an attack on a network that is designed to interrupt or stop network traffic by flooding it with too many requests. This would be considered a _____ attack.

DoS

An attack on a network that is designed to interrupt or stop network traffic by flooding it with too many requests is called a _ attack.

DoS, DOS, dos, or denial of service

According to Norton, which of the following steps should be taken to defend against rootkits?

Don't ignore software updates, Watch out for drive-by-downloads, Be aware of phishing emails

Select what's true about how a Trojan infects a computer system.

Hackers use Trojans to create a backdoor into a user's system which allows them to spy on the computer's activities. Trojans are designed using some sort of social engineering tactic. Trojans are commonly used by hackers to gain access to systems and devices.

Which of the following statements correctly describes phishing?

Phishing scams use legitimate looking email messages to con a user into giving up private information. Phishing is the illegitimate use of an email message that appears to be from an established organization such as a bank.

Malware that encrypts a computer's data, forcing the victim to purchase a decryption code, is called ___ .

Ransomware

One version of this type of malware encrypts a victims data until a payment is made. Another version threatens to make public a victim's personal data unless a payment is made. This type of malware is called ___>

Ransomware

White hat hackers use the same techniques and tools that are used by illegitimate hackers. These tools include which of the following?

Rootkits, Social engineering, Back door programs

Select what's true about Trojan malware.

Similar to viruses, but do not replicate themselves, Often found attached to free downloads and apps, Often used to find passwords, destroy data, or to bypass firewalls

Select what's true about spear phishing attacks.

Spear phishing is a type of email scam that is directed toward a specific person or organization. Spear phishing attacks are designed to steal data and some attacks may also be designed to install malicious software on a device.