Islam and Human Rights Weeks 1-4 Quiz 1

Richard Bauman

Rome was the first global empire and influenced modern international human rights law as presented in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (Human Rights in Ancient Rome) Pax Romana - spreading peace through war is justified if in the end, the conquered people experience humanitas

Steven Pinker

Violence is used strategically (gain, self-defense, glory). Social organization of centralized state led to decline in violence. (The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined)

Muhammad 'Abd Allah al-Hasan

"Mad Mullah". Fought against British in Somalia. Never submit to Europeans.

Ali Parchami

British and American imperialism are different from but inspired by Roman imperialism. Both cite the humanitarian aspect of civilizing mission. (The Echoes of Rome in British and American Hegemonic Ideology)

Sir FD Lugard

British colonial administrator in Nigeria. British must impose military rule in order to end slavery in Africa.

Thomas Babington Macaulay

British imperialism in India left lasting Western-oriented middle class. European culture was far superior to Muslim and Eastern culture, therefore all Oriental culture must be eliminated by Europeans.

John Robert Seely

British imperialism was justified (like Rome) bc the British had could offer civilization to lesser peoples, whereas the Muslims were inferior and had nothing to offer to their subjects.

Joseph Chamberlain

British politician. Can't end barbarism w/o force.

Richard Fletcher

Christians were able to carry out mass conversions among polytheists because of political power/wealth (Charlemagne). Muslims and Jews were persecuted as enemies of Christ and not as easily converted. (Conversion of the Vikings: Conversion by the Sword)

Jules Ferry

Colonialism is necessary for economic benefit and in order to civilize lower races. (On French Colonial Expansion)

Jared Diamond

Differences in levels of development of states resulted from geographical differences. Regions with better agricultural and livestock resources advanced before regions that did not. (Guns, Germs, and Steel)

Cicero

Hates war, but just war is acceptable. Conquered peoples benefit under Roman rule. Against natural law not to prevent violence when one can.

Winston Churchhill

Higher race should drive out lower race.

Jack Donnelly

Human rights are the things needed for an individual to live a life of dignity as well as the set of practices required to realize those needs. (Universal Human Rights in Theory & Practice)

Antony Anghie

International law and the idea of sovereignty were created as means for powerful nations to control less civilized ones. (Positivism, natural law). (Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law)

Ira Lapidus

Islam started as basis of tribal, peripheral society but later grew into large empire that united the pagan pastoral tribes of the Middle East. European colonialism then displaced existing nobility and created a new class of Western-educated elites that believed in reformism and nationalism (A History of Islamic Societies)

Wael Hallaq

Jihad began as self-defense, but became more offensive as Muslims gained power. Modernist thinkers now remove the political aspects of jihad and cite earlier Quranic verses of defensive jihad. (Sharia: Theory, Practice, Transformations)

Omar Mukhtar

Led jihad in Libya. Fought against French colonization of Chad and British occupation of Egypt.

Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Need to recognize both whites' and Africans' role in slavery. (Ending the Slavery Blame-Game)

Virgil

Praised humanitarian aspect of Rome's divine-ordered civilizing mission. (The Aeneid)

Mark Twain

Satire about Native Americans. (The Noble Red Man)

William Grayson

Slavery civilizes and enlightens the black man. (Hireling and the Slave) (actual poet)

Mashood Baderin

Slavery is banned in the Muslim world. (International Human Rights and Islamic Law)

Machemba

Tanzanian chief. Rather die before submission.

John Russell

The idea that slavery is a means of civilizing other people/ is superior to native state of barbarians. (The Hireling and the Slave)

Steven Smith

The quality of public discourse is damaged by argument for the sake of argument. Meaningless words like "freedom" and "equality" get thrown around. Even the institutions we think are supposed to "mature" display unreasonable arguments. (The Disenchantment of Secular Discourse)

Domenico Losurdo

The rise of two liberal states (US and Britain) resulted from systematic exploitation and genocide. Liberals often claimed to be superior to "savages". Often, slavery was justified by saying savage people needed to be controlled/educated. (Liberalism: A Counter-History)