IT Foundations

Which of the following IP addresses are Class B addresses?

129.0.0.0, 190.65.2.0, and 132.12.0.0

Which of the following are valid IPv6 addresses?

141:0:0:0:15:0:0:1 and 6384:1319:7700:7631:446A:5511:8940:2552.

Which of the following describes the grandfather backup in a grandfather-father-son (GFS) rotation scheme?

A full backup that is stored offsite.

When assisting users, a technician often uses the macOS Force Quit function and the Linux kill command. Which of the following situations would require their use?

A runaway application does not respond to user input.

You are the owner of a small startup company that consists of only five employees. Each employee has their own computer. Due to the type of services your company offers, you don't foresee the employee count increasing much in the next year or two. As a startup company, you want to keep costs low and facilitate easier file sharing and internet, printer, and local network resource access. Which of the following would be the BEST implementation for your business?

A workgroup.

Which of the following documents might a new employee need to sign during the onboarding process?

Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Policy.

While troubleshooting a Windows computer, you open a Command Prompt to explore the folders (directories) on the hard drive. You notice that one of the folders required for your project is missing. Which of the following Microsoft command line tools would allow you to QUICKLY create the missing folder?

'md.'

Your Windows workstation has Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) implemented with default settings. Which of the following TCP/IP addresses could you automatically assign to the system, should your DHCP server go down or become inaccessible?

169.254.1.26

Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of a CPU socket?

A CPU socket allows the connection of external devices, such as the monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse.

Which file attribute identifies the file as having been modified since the last backup?

Archive.

Which of the following is the process of tracking and managing an organization's assets?

Asset management.

Which Blu-ray standard defines rewritable discs?

BD-RE

You have just received a frantic call from a customer. She informs you that after turning her computer on, she received the following error: "The SMART hard disk check has detected an imminent failure." Which of the following is the best FIRST step to take?

Back up all important data and files.

Which part of the change management process specifies how you will return affected systems to their original state if your implementation fails?

Backout plan.

Which of the following is designed to provide a Linux command line interface?

Bash.

Which of the following devices authenticates users based on their physical features?

Biometric scanner.

What is the correct order for installing a processor for proper cooling?

CPU, thermal paste, heat sink, fan.

Who needs to approve a change before it is initiated?

Change board and Customer.

You have purchased an LED monitor and connected it to the DVI-I port on your computer using a DVI-D cable. You configure the screen resolution to 1440 x 900 with 32-bit color. The display on the screen seems to be pixilated. Which of the following solutions is MOST likely to fix this problem?

Change the screen resolution to the native resolution of the monitor.

Which of the following is a web-browser based operating system?

Chrome OS.

You have just installed a new video card in your friend Mark's computer. When you power on the computer, Windows automatically detects the new device and tries to locate an applicable device driver. Unfortunately, Windows cannot locate the required driver. Which of the following is the BEST Control Panel administrative tool to fix Mark's computer?

Computer Management.

You are in the process of preparing to install Windows 11 on your Windows 10 computer. Which of the following pre-installation steps is critical to complete (not optional) if you are performing a clean installation?

Create a system image.

You are the manager in charge of maintaining desktop computers. A user reports that she can't turn her computer on. After some investigation, you find that the power supply is malfunctioning. Which of the following actions should you perform next?

Create an action plan.

While sorting through a box of cables in your storage room, you find one that matches the configuration shown in the image. Which of the following BEST describes the type of cable configuration and the purpose for which it would be used?

Crossover cable configuration used to connect computers directly to one another for networking.

Which of the following are optical storage devices?

DVD, CD, and BD.

You have purchased a new notebook. This notebook system uses UEFI firmware and comes with Windows 11 preinstalled. However, you want to use Linux on this system. You download your favorite distribution and install it on the system, removing all Windows partitions on the hard disk in the process. When the installation is complete, you find that the operating system won't load when the system is rebooted. Which of the following would allow your computer to boot to Linux?

Disable SecureBoot in the UEFI configuration.

You have purchased a new LED monitor for your computer. On the back of the monitor, you see the a port. Which type of cable should you use to connect the monitor to your computer?

DisplayPort cable.

To improve the safety of your location and comply with regulations regarding work environments with hazardous materials, you have been assigned to assemble Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all chemicals used in your shop. How should you obtain these documents?

Download them from the chemical manufacturer's websites.

Which of the following security solutions would prevent you from reading a file that you did not create?

EFS.

After upgrading from Windows 10 to Windows 11 on your laptop, everything seems to be going well until you start running a graphics editing program that you have used for years. The program keeps locking up after a few minutes. Which of the following pre-installation steps would have helped to resolve this issue?

Ensure that your software is compatible with Windows 11.

A user asks you to perform a task that you do not know how to do and is not in the scope of your job duties. What is the BEST way to respond to this situation?

Explain to the user that this is not a task you can perform, but you will do your best to contact someone who can perform the task.

You are removing screws within a computer, but several have fallen into places you can't reach. Which tool would help retrieve the small screws?

Extension magnet.

Which of the following UTM appliances monitors all network traffic and blocks malicious traffic while notifying the network security team?

Firewall.

Your organization has expanded into an adjacent office. You have been tasked with laying cables to connect the new space with the existing space. Which document should you look at to ensure that there will be no interference or damage to the cables from existing infrastructure?

Floor plan.

You need to replace the power supply in your home desktop computer. Which of the following specifications are the MOST likely to affect your power supply choice?

Form factor, Output wattage, and Type and number of connectors.

Which storage device uses aluminum platters for storing data?

Hard disk.

Which of the following terms describes a Windows 11 operating system patch for a desktop that targets a specific problem and is released on a short-term, periodic basis?

Hotfix.

Which of the following hardware devices regenerates a signal out to all connected ports without examining the frame or packet contents?

Hub.

Which of the following sound card port types can normally handle video content?

IEEE 1394 and HDMI.

Which of the following is a myth regarding electrostatic discharge (ESD)?

If you can't feel ESD, the surge is not sufficient to harm computer components.

You are the PC technician for a company. An employee has gone to a meeting while you fix the computer in her office. She accidentally left a report open next to her computer. It states that a friend of yours in accounting will be submitted for review if their poor work performance continues. Which of the following is the BEST action to take?

Ignore the paper and tell no one of its contents.

Your supervisor recently purchased 100 desktop computer systems and 100 new Windows 11 licenses for your organization's accounting department. She received a single Windows 11 installation disc with the licenses. Which of the following would be the BEST installation methods to use?

Install one system and image it to the other systems.

Ruth has a startup business and limited resources. She wants to save money by using an operating system on her business computers that has no associated fees for installation. Which of the following operating systems could Ruth install for free?

Linux.

A customer needs to use several applications. Currently, the computer cannot keep all the necessary applications open at the same time. Which of the following components should you consider upgrading?

Memory.

Which of the following is the most common method for removing RAM from a motherboard?

Move the tabs holding the RAM out of the way; then pull straight up to remove the RAM.

Which of the following components require special disposal procedures to comply with environmental guidelines?

Notebook battery.

You are working as an installer for a small IT company. One of your residential clients has purchased some IoT devices and you have been tasked with installing them for the client. These IoT devices will be networked together in a small network. Each device will connect to each other and act a relay for the network signal so additional network infrastructure will not be needed. Which of the following best describes this type of network?

Personal Area Network.

A technician is running a network above a dropped ceiling that is also used for ventilation. The cable must be twisted pair and must be capable of Gigabit Ethernet speeds. Which of the following cables should the technician use?

Plenum-rated Cat 6a

Which of the following components converts AC power to DC power?

Power supply.

Which of the following scripting languages is gradually replacing Windows batch files?

PowerShell.

Which Windows network location enables network discovery and allows files and printers to be easily shared?

Private.

Which Active Directory service simplifies how users log in to all the systems and applications that they need?

SSO.

Which of the following are popular Linux OS distributions?

SUSE, Debian, and Ubuntu.

You recently upgraded a client's older workstation to Windows 11. The client has called to complain that the interface is very slow. For example, after clicking on the Start button, the Start menu slowly appears on the screen. Which of the following will MOST likely fix this problem without requiring a hardware upgrade?

Set the visual effects for best performance

You are in the process of installing a motherboard in a system case. Which of the following objects should you place between the motherboard and the system case?

Standoffs.

You want to create a high-performance Windows laptop with both a 2-TB hard drive and a 1-TB SSD drive. Which of the following are data storage recommendations for your high performance system?

Store heavily used information on the hard drive and store data that requires high performance on the SSD drive.

An employee complains that every time they turn their computer off, the computer's time is set to 12:00 p.m., and the date is set back to January 1, 1990. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this anomaly?

The CMOS battery has failed.

When you try to boot your computer, it hangs after POST. When you access the UEFI setup program, you see that the date is several years behind, and the time is set to 12:01 a.m. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this behavior?

The motherboard battery has failed.

For several years, your laptop's monitor has worked perfectly. However, shortly after turning on your laptop today, you notice that the dimness has increased on the screen. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

The power adapter was accidently unplugged and the monitor's inverter has gone bad.

You have been asked to implement a RAID 5 solution for an engineer's desktop workstation. What is the minimum number of hard disks you can use to configure RAID 5?

Three.

What type of peripheral device is typically found on a laptop computer and allows the user to control the cursor with a finger?

Touch pad.

You have just finished installing Windows on a system that contains four physical hard disks. The installation process has created a system volume and a C: volume on the first disk (Disk 0). The installation process also initialized the second disk (Disk 1) and the third disk (Disk 2), but did not create any volumes on these disks. Which of the following would you expect to see as the status of Disk 1 and Disk 2?

Unallocated.

Which of the following are common digital audio file types?

WMA, WAV, and AIFF

You work for a large company as the IT administrator. With the many external attacks being perpetrated in the form of security breaches, you are concerned that your Windows 11 computers may be vulnerable. You also want to ensure that Windows is using the latest features. Which of the following would BEST protect your computers?

Windows updates.

On a Linux system using the Debian Package Manager, which of the following commands would you use to search online repositories for an installable Firefox package?

apt search firefox.

You use a Linux distribution that uses RPM for package management. Which command would you use to display a list of all packages available for installation within the internet repositories configured on the system?

yum list available

You need a type of wireless connection that can transfer data between your phone, PDA, and laptop. You are transferring sensitive information. Which of the following is the BEST choice for this wireless connection?

Bluetooth

You experience startup errors after you install a new device. What should you do FIRST to resolve the issue?

Boot in Safe Mode and roll back the driver.

Your company provides testing services that help customers identify and resolve performance issues with their software and e-commerce sites before they go live. To perform accurate testing, a large number of computers are required, sometimes numbering in the hundreds. Recently, you have noticed that the lights in the testing lab seem dimmer than normal and sometimes flicker. Which of the following electrical terms BEST describes the condition you are most likely experiencing?

Brownout.

You work as the IT administrator for a small news station. Jill, an employee in Building 2, works in the audio-video editing department and would like to increase her productivity. For example, she would like to be able to run multiple programs simultaneously and be able to compare video clips side by side. Which of the following configuration changes would provide the BEST solution for Jill?

Configure Jill's computer with dual monitors.

As a PC technician you know you will be late to an appointment with a customer. Which of the following actions should you take?

Contact the customer and apologize along with giving a realistic timeframe for your arrival.

Your system hangs immediately after the BIOS information is shown and displays an error loading operating system error message. What is the MOST likely source of the problem?

Corrupt MBR or partition table

Which of the following memory ratings identifies the fastest memory?

DDR4-1600.

Which Windows tool do you use to create and delete partitions on hard drives?

Disk Management.

A technician wants to connect a computer to a high-definition television (HDTV). The technician has attached an HDMI cable from the video card to the television. However, the video card is only sending a video signal over the cable. The technician decides to use the audio pass-through technique to deliver audio to the television. An audio output cable is connected to the video card and television. Which of the following options was used for the audio pass-through?

HDMI output.

What are two major concerns regarding IoT devices?

Hacking and Privacy.

What method is used to ensure proper ventilation in a server room?

Hot and cold aisles.

What is another name for virtual machines?

Hypervisors.

Which of the following is a best practice when using Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to access another computer?

Implement additional security protocols.

Which of the following is a network that uses internet technologies, but the data and services are only available to the hosts connected to the private network?

Intranet.

You are an IT professional that works with home users. One of your customers works from home and uses multiple Windows computers as well as an Apple Mac computer. Your customer wants to be able to switch between his computers without changing the keyboard and monitor currently in use. Which of the following devices would BEST facilitate sharing his monitor and other input devices with all of his computers?

KVM switch.

A technician is troubleshooting a computer that doesn't start up correctly. Which of the following tools could the technician use to troubleshoot the computer?

Known good spares and POST Card.

Which of the following protocols establish a secure connection and encrypt data for a VPN?

L2TP, IPsec, and PPTP.

Which of the following device types should be plugged into a surge-protected-only outlet on a UPS unit and not a battery backup outlet?

Laser printer.

A user pays for a retail purchase by placing a smartphone next to the merchant's reader. Which of the following wireless mobile device connections is this?

NFC.

Which of the following are common tools used to physically clean the inside of a computer? (Select two.)

Natural bristle brush and compressed air.

Which of the following defines which network a device is connected to?

Network ID.

Jane, an employee in the human resources department, has created several important PDF documents on her computer that all office managers in her building must read. She would like to make locating these files simple and maintain them as little as possible. It is important that no other users are permitted to view these documents. As the IT technician for your company, Jane has asked you to make this possible. Which of the following would MOST likely fulfill Jane's request?

Network share.

Which of the following are critical times when memory problems manifest themselves?

On the first boot of a new computer and after you remove or install hardware.

During which asset management phase would you perform maintenance tasks, such as installing updates and patches or upgrading a hard drive?

Operations.

Which of the following thermal solutions might you find on memory modules?

Passive heat sink.

Which part of the change management process asks how the project will align with the organization's current mission and strategy?

Purpose of the change.

Which of the following DHCP scope options will assign a static IP configuration to a device using the device's MAC address?

Reservation.

Which generation of SATA storage devices supports up to 6-Gbps data transfer rates and addresses solid-state drives?

SATA3.

You've used your Windows workstation to map a drive to a shared folder on a Windows server. Which protocol was used to access the share?

SMB.

Which of the following network types uses special hardware to provide high-speed access to storage across the network?

Storage area network.

Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of the north bridge chipset?

The chip that controls the PCI bus.

Who does the term responsible staff member refer to?

The person who is responsible for performing most of the project work.

Which of the following is a characteristic of extended partitions?

They are subdivided into logical drives.

Which of the following is considered a computer input device?

Touchscreen.

You are an IT technician for your company. One of the employees has a computer that continually reboots when it's powered on. He has asked you to fix it. You suspect that the power supply may be failing. Which of the following is the BEST way to determine whether the power supply is causing the reboots?

Use a multimeter to test the power supply.

A company has built a video streaming service that supplies training videos. Quickly transmitting video data to customers is more important than guaranteed delivery. Which of the following Transport layer IP suite protocols is MOST likely used for this service?

User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

Which document outlines how to communicate standards, procedures, and baselines that help an employee perform their job safely and effectively?

User Education and Awareness Policy

Which of the following is simulated memory that is created through a paging file on the hard drive?

Virtual memory.

In which of the following situations should you NOT use an ESD wrist strap?

When working with high-voltage components.

Which of the following is currently the most in-use operating system in the world?

Windows.

In which of the following situations would driver rollback be the BEST option to use?

You recently installed a new video driver, and now the system behaves erratically.

A technician attempts to run an executable file on a Linux computer and receives a Permission Denied message. Which of the following commands should the technician use?

chmod

Match each utility on the left with its corresponding description on the right.

nslookup- Resolves (looks up) a specific hostname's IP address. tracert- Tests connectivity between devices and shows the routers in the path between the two devices. ping- Sends an ICMP echo request/reply packet to a remote host. netstat- Displays current connections and incoming and outgoing connections. ping- A few simple replies to this request from the remote host indicates that a connection exists between sender and receiver. netstat- Displays active sessions, ports, sockets, and the local routing table. ping- Performs a continuous connection test when used with the -t option.

You are using the vi editor to manage a text file on a Linux system. You want to type new text into the file. When you type, you want the existing text that comes after the cursor to be pushed down. Which mode provides this function?

Insert Mode.

Which of the following processors allowed macOS users to run Windows on their computers?

Intel.

You are a junior network technician for a small consulting firm. You have recently learned about IP addressing and run the ipconfig command on your local computer. The output from the command is: IPv4 Address..... 192.168.0.52 Subnet Mask..255.255.255.0 Default Gateway..192.168.0.1 Which of the following is the host ID?

52.

A clicking noise in your computer has now evolved into a grinding noise. In addition, you are beginning to see frequent error messages while running software, and your computer occasionally freezes. What is the MOST likely cause of these issues?

A failing hard drive.

To prevent ESD when replacing internal computer components, you attach an anti-static wrist strap to your wrist. Where should the other end be fastened?

Anti-static mat and the metal area on the computer case.

Which of the following is true of the Windows BitLocker program?

BitLocker is designed to protect files against offline and online access.

Which of the following statements are true regarding administrative shares?

By default, Windows automatically creates an administrative share for every volume and that to connect to an administrative share, you must use the UNC path.

A technician is installing a new SOHO wireless router. Which of the following is the FIRST thing the technician should do to secure the router?

Change the router's default password.

Which of the following BEST describes a community cloud implementation?

Designed to be shared by several organizations.

After several new computers are connected to a network device, every computer connected to the device begins to experience slow transfer speeds. Which of the following is the FIRST step to troubleshoot this problem?

Determine whether the network device is a hub or a switch.

Timothy works in the graphic arts departments and has received approval to upgrade his video card. The card has arrived, and you are ready to begin the upgrade by replacing the old video card with the new one in his workstation. To ensure your personal safety, which of the following should you do FIRST?

Disconnect power.

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining parts of files that are in different locations into a single location?

Disk Defragmenter.

Which Windows tool can you use to determine the amount of space available to shrink a volume?

Disk Management.

A user reports that the projector in the conference room has display issues when it is connected to his laptop. After identifying the cause and completely resolving the issue, the projector displays the images perfectly both on his laptop and on the projector. Which of the following troubleshooting strategies should you perform next?

Document the solution

A technician has configured a client computer's network interface with server addresses to which the client will send requests for translating fully qualified domain names (FQDNs) to IP addresses and IP addresses to FQDNs. Which of the following TCP/IP suite protocols is used by the client to perform the request and also used by a server to respond to those requests?

Domain Name System (DNS).

You want to install Windows from optical media on a mirrored RAID disk array. You run the motherboard disk configuration utility and create the RAID 1 array. Then you configure the system to boot from the Windows installation optical media. The Windows installation starts, but does not detect the RAID array. Which of the following will MOST likely allow the RAID array to be detected?

During the installation, browse to and select the appropriate drivers for your RAID controller when prompted.

The PCI sound card in your computer has stopped working. You decide to use the motherboard's integrated sound until you can replace the PCI sound card. After removing the PCI sound card and powering on the computer, you have no sound, and the built-in sound card does not show up in Device Manager. Which of the following is the BEST action to try first to resolve this issue?

Edit the CMOS settings and enable the onboard sound.

You are in a carpeted office lighted by fluorescent bulbs. You are preparing to add memory modules to a user's computer. The user has already unpacked the memory modules and stacked them on top of an old, unused CRT monitor. What is the greatest threat to these memory modules in this environment?

Electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Which of the following VPN protocols was developed by Cisco and can be used to route any Layer 3 protocol across an IP network?

GRE.

What is a major benefit STP provides that UTP does not?

Greater resistance to interference.

Which of the following protocols is used by an email client to retrieve messages from an email server, giving users the option to keep mail messages on the server?

IMAP.

You have just installed a wireless network, but the network is experiencing slow speeds, especially when accessing the internet from your workstation. Which action should you try FIRST to resolve the issue?

Move the wireless access point.

Which utility allows you to choose Selective Startup in Windows?

Msconfig (System Configuration).

Steve, a computer technician, receives a help desk ticket for a computer that will not start. When Steve powered the computer on, there was one long and two short beeps. Which of the following programs is reporting this error condition?

POST.

A software vendor has had recurring problems with customers misusing their proprietary software. Which of the following technologies can give them the MOST control in regulating who, how, and when their software is being used?

Persistent license activation.

If you want to change your taskbar from appearing on the bottom of the screen to the right side, under which of the following Windows 10 Settings app categories would you find the setting to change this?

Personalization.

The processor you have just purchased has a series of pins in an array on the underside of the processor package. You notice that the pins insert into corresponding receptacles within the processor socket on the motherboard. Which type of socket is this processor configured to use?

Pin grid array (PGA).

Cindy wants to install a new application on her computer. This application requires the operating system to have 1 gigabyte in working memory to function properly. Which of the following system requirements does Cindy need to check for compatibility?

RAM capacity.

A company has subscribed to a cloud service that offers cloud applications and storage space. Through acquisition, the number of company employees quickly doubled. The cloud service vendor was able to add cloud services for these additional employees without requiring hardware changes. Which of the following cloud concepts does this represent?

Rapid elasticity.

Which of the following identifies the network name on a wireless network?

SSID.

A technician determines that an older network hub that connects 24 workstations is performing poorly due to excessive network collisions. Which of the following network devices would be the BEST replacement?

Switch.

A new computer has been added to the sales department and needs to be joined to the CorpNet domain. Which of the following System Properties settings must you use to make the change?

System Properties > Computer Name.

Which problem can occur if your system case fan blows in the wrong direction?

The flow of air is negated and the system can overheat.

You have a thin-provisioned storage space that suddenly unmounts. What is the MOST likely cause of this problem?

The storage space has run out of disk space.

A maintenance worker accidently nicks a bundle of network cables routed to multiple wall jacks in a conference room. Only one of the cable's wires are severed. A technician is tasked with replacing the cable. Which of the following tools would the technician MOST likely use to identify which wall jack connects to the severed cable?

Tone generator and probe.

You have an extra disk on your system that has three primary partitions and an extended partition with two logical drives. You want to convert the partitions to simple volumes, preferably without losing any data. Which of the following is the BEST step to perform to accomplish this?

Upgrade the disk to a dynamic disk.

You have overclocked the processor on your workstation to run at a higher speed. Now the workstation is overheating, and you are concerned that the processor might become damaged. Which of the following is the BEST solution to this issue?

Upgrade the workstation cooling devices.

Which of the following are the MOST likely signs that your computer might need more memory?

Your hard drive light on the system case is on for long periods of time and your hard drive is constantly operating as you work.

What are the two mesh protocols that are used most often with IoT devices?

Zigbee and Z-Wave.

While troubleshooting an issue with an Apache web server on your Linux system, you need to look at the last several entries in the log file. Which of the following tools would be best suited for this task?

cat and tail.