Jewish Groups at the Time of Jesus

Elders

Older men of a community, the ruling elite. Mostly opponents of Jesus.

Disciples of John the Baptist

Certain people who considered themselves followers of John the Baptist rather than Jesus since he came before Jesus. It is believed that John was a cousin of Jesus. Executed by Herod Antipas.

Followers of Jesus of Nazareth

Growing group of Jews who spread the 'Jesus Movement' throughout the world. Some were chosen by Jesus, others chose to follow him. Literally followed him on his journeys. After his death, they started the first Christian community.

Essenes

Lived near Dead Sea, near the location of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Originally a group of priests, regarded priests of Jerusalem as 'illegitimate' since they weren't of Zadokian descent. Believed God would send two messiahs and a prophet, lived in a very exclusive community. John the Baptist and Jesus might have been closely related to the Essenes.

Scribes

Men specially trained in writing. Not their own political group, could join other parties. Most duties included writing, especially legal documents; many were considered lawyers of the time.

Zealots

Primary revolutionary group opposing Roman occupation of Israel. Consisted of Jews 'zealous' for God's laws.

High Priest, Chief Priests, Priests, and Levites

Religious and social leaders of Jewish people. Had to be men from the tribe of Levi, not 11 other tribes. Members of authorities seeking to kill Jesus.

Sadducees

Smaller group of 'elite' social influencers, more influential than rivals, Pharisees. Mostly priests, opponents of Jesus.

Herodians

Supporters of Herodian family (politics). Conspired to kill Jesus with Pharisees, only mentioned in Gospels of Mark and Matthew.

Pharisees

Translates to 'separated ones', very strict and conservative Jews, religious rivals of Sadducees, opponents of Jesus, conspired with Herodians to kill Him. Believed in the ressurection of the dead