Johnson Public Speaking: Test 2
chronological
arranges information according to a progression of time, either forward or backward.
fundamental aim of a commemorative speech
to INSPIRE your audience
Thesis must meet five standards
(central idea) 1. a single statement 2. contains only one idea 3. clear and concise 4. can be accomplished in the time allotted 5. a statement of what you will prove/explain
causal
(problem-cause-solution) is built upon two main points: cause and effect. is used to explain cause-and-effect relationships. When you use a causal speech pattern, your speech will have two basic main points: cause and effect.
problem-solution
-hit highest level of reasoning, changing mind/attitude/value/behavior -divides information into two main sections, one that describes a problem and one that describes a solution
How to evaluate internet resources (credibility)
1. authorship 2. sponsorship 3. recency
Some common research sources
1. books 2. newspapers 3. magazines 4. documentaries 5. TV news 6. encyclopedias 7. internet 8. interview
patterns of organization(know definitions of each)
1. chronological 2. spatial 3. topical 4. problem-solution 5. causal (problem-cause-solution)
3 components of an argument
1. claim (value claims) 2. support (evidence) 3. warrant
intro components
1. hook 2. significance 3. thesis 4. preview
3 goals of commemorative speech
1. inspiration 2. appreciation 3. emulation
elements of a good transition
1. internal summary 2. signposts 3. internal preview
topics of commemorative speeches
1. objects 2. events 3. people 4. occasions 5. places 6. ideas
topics of informative speeches
1. objects 2. events 3. people 4. processes 5. places 6. ideas
guidelines for using visual aids
1. prepare in advance and rehearse 2. make them simple 3. make them visible 4. use them to augment, not distract 5. make sure they are classy and well-designed
how/why to cite sources in order to increase ethos
1. qualify claims 2. cite sources how to highlight citation: 1. make audience hear them 2. formally or informally
conclusion components
1. review 2. thesis 3. significance/application 4. impact
3 body paragraph components
1. topic/preview, review/signpost 2. topic preview, review/signpost 3. topic preview, review/signpost
gestures
1. use them to emphasize important words and phrases 2. naturally follow vocal emphasis
types of signposts
1. verbal (first, second, third, next, finally, etc) 2. rhetorical (parallelism, alliteration, acrostic, etc) 3. visual (movement, gesture, etc) 4. delivery (pacing, pause, etc)
topical
arranges information according to different sub-topics within a larger topic, or the "types" of things that fall within a larger category
spatial
arranges information according to how things fit together in physical space
desired response of a commemorative speech
appreciation and emulation of the praiseworthy
basic structure of an outline
intro, body, conclusion