Johnson Public Speaking: Test 2

chronological

arranges information according to a progression of time, either forward or backward.

fundamental aim of a commemorative speech

to INSPIRE your audience

Thesis must meet five standards

(central idea) 1. a single statement 2. contains only one idea 3. clear and concise 4. can be accomplished in the time allotted 5. a statement of what you will prove/explain

causal

(problem-cause-solution) is built upon two main points: cause and effect. is used to explain cause-and-effect relationships. When you use a causal speech pattern, your speech will have two basic main points: cause and effect.

problem-solution

-hit highest level of reasoning, changing mind/attitude/value/behavior -divides information into two main sections, one that describes a problem and one that describes a solution

How to evaluate internet resources (credibility)

1. authorship 2. sponsorship 3. recency

Some common research sources

1. books 2. newspapers 3. magazines 4. documentaries 5. TV news 6. encyclopedias 7. internet 8. interview

patterns of organization(know definitions of each)

1. chronological 2. spatial 3. topical 4. problem-solution 5. causal (problem-cause-solution)

3 components of an argument

1. claim (value claims) 2. support (evidence) 3. warrant

intro components

1. hook 2. significance 3. thesis 4. preview

3 goals of commemorative speech

1. inspiration 2. appreciation 3. emulation

elements of a good transition

1. internal summary 2. signposts 3. internal preview

topics of commemorative speeches

1. objects 2. events 3. people 4. occasions 5. places 6. ideas

topics of informative speeches

1. objects 2. events 3. people 4. processes 5. places 6. ideas

guidelines for using visual aids

1. prepare in advance and rehearse 2. make them simple 3. make them visible 4. use them to augment, not distract 5. make sure they are classy and well-designed

how/why to cite sources in order to increase ethos

1. qualify claims 2. cite sources how to highlight citation: 1. make audience hear them 2. formally or informally

conclusion components

1. review 2. thesis 3. significance/application 4. impact

3 body paragraph components

1. topic/preview, review/signpost 2. topic preview, review/signpost 3. topic preview, review/signpost

gestures

1. use them to emphasize important words and phrases 2. naturally follow vocal emphasis

types of signposts

1. verbal (first, second, third, next, finally, etc) 2. rhetorical (parallelism, alliteration, acrostic, etc) 3. visual (movement, gesture, etc) 4. delivery (pacing, pause, etc)

topical

arranges information according to different sub-topics within a larger topic, or the "types" of things that fall within a larger category

spatial

arranges information according to how things fit together in physical space

desired response of a commemorative speech

appreciation and emulation of the praiseworthy

basic structure of an outline

intro, body, conclusion