JOUR 215 MIDTERM

According to Kobre, what kind of focus setting do most pros use for interviews?

Manual

The photograph at http://bit.ly/uiuc-richards, is from photojournalist Eugene Richards' groundbreaking book "Cocaine True, Cocaine Blue." It epitomizes what kind of depth of field?

Narrow / Shallow / Not much

For the video operator, zooming imparts a sense of control and power. For the viewer, zooming imparts a sense of... what?

Nausea

Kobre states that videojournalism is about the same as...

Neither reality tv or traditional front page news articles

T or F: According to Kobre, it's bad advice to tell a photographer to "stand with their camera where the light comes from over their shoulder."

True

T or F: As a rule of thumb, if something can be seen from public property it can be photographed without negative legal repercussions

True

T or F: Wide or deep depth of field is when objects that are far away from the camera's point of focus are also in focus

True

Please fill in the blank to complete an old saying among journalists, quoted in this week's reading: "If your mother tells you she loves you, __________________________________________."

check it out

Fill in the blank: One way to find good stories is to ___________________________________ issues of national or international concern. (One word answers are fine.)

localize or personalize

Kobre provided several hints for "stabilizing the handheld video camera" when a tripod is unavailable. List one -

look for a solid surface

Kobre states that auto white balance works when?

shooting outside on a sunny day, inside when all the light is coming from incandescent light bulbs like a living room, inside under fluorescent lights, inside under energy saving bulbs

Please briefly explain your answer to the above question

so your camera won't lose the focus them

In introducing the concept of shots, sequences and scenes, Kobre cites what as an analogous process?

writing an essay

You're interviewing a dentist for an audio story on Halloween trick-or-treating. Which of the following interview questions is better and why? a) "Would you say that trick-or-treat candy is good or bad for children's teeth?" b) "Trick or treating, sugary candy, dental cavities. What's up with all that?"

Again, we need to get them talking. We want to avoid yes/no answers. B also allows for something more emotive from the subject, like, "What's up with that? Well, what's up is I see more kids with cavities in the weeks after halloween that I do for the entire rest of the year." We need to not just get a yes/no. We need to get a story, an anecdote, something experiential to *illustrate* the subject's answer to whatever the issue/topic is. This was covered in chapter 4 of the NPR book.

At what frame rate are most videos recorded?

29.97 or 30

T or F: A journalist should never 'play dumb' in order to get a satisfactory answer from a subject

False

T or F: Privacy laws are mandated and enforced by the federal government, and do not vary from state to state

False

In your own words, describe the differences between the storytelling approach of Freytag's Pyramid vs. the Inverted Pyramid

Freytag's pyramid is more focused on how a movie or documentary would play out with exposition, rising action, climax, etc. The inverted pyramid is more of a funnel where you go through your images and find the best that makes a story instead of thinking of each singular aspect like action and climax

When an unexpected event unfolds rapidly in front of the camera, a visual journalist must decide whether they should be shooting. Almost always, the answer is:

Immediately start shooting

During a video interview, the camera should be placed where in relation to the subject's eyes?

Just below

In the book "NPR - SOUND REPORTING," Jonathan Kern reminds us of Louis Pasteur's famous quote...

"Fortune favors the prepared mind."

One effective way to begin a video story is with a piece of audio and/or video that makes the audience say... what?

What the hell was that?

At the beginning of the chapter, "Producing a Story," the author lists four of the necessary components for a successful story. Please list them

- it has a narrative line and potential conflict or tension - it has strong characters - it contains universal themes outside of the story itself - has something to say about the human condition

Kobre lists 11 "Secrets to Shooting Smashing Pictures." List and briefly describe five of them here

1. Get closer: move in and capture details, leaving out irrelevant background 2. Frame precisely: framing carefully while coming to the subject close up can eliminate anything distracting from the background but still give the subject a sense of place 3. Be patient: before you start shooting, let people get used to you. When the subject relaxes, they start to forget the camera is there which is good for candid shots 4. Throw the background: throw the background out of focus by using a wide aperture so that the busy background won't distract from the main subject 5. Use natural light: don't use direct flash if you can avoid it

Please list Stretch's Six Strategies for Successful Multimedia Journalism

1. Learn 2. Seek out 3. Observe 4. Recognize 5. Commit 6. Record

What are Kobre's Six Sound Rules?

1. when placing the mic, closer is always better 2. you can't hear problems without headphones 3. monitor volume controls and stay within limits 4. listen for annoying sounds 5. always start by recording 1 minute of no one speaking 6. continue to record important dialog even if the picture is poor. You can split the audio and video tracks later

What is the "rule" that refers to maintaining consistent screen direction in a video story?

180 one hundred degree

Which of the following could result in a photographer/journalist/publication being found liable for misrepresentation of a subject?

A photograph of a thin person taken for another purpose is later used to illustrate a story on bulimia

What is A Roll and what purpose does it server in a video story?

A roll carries the narration track, images, and sound for reporter standup and interviews- all the synced sound . The purpose is that it's the media telling the story and you would see the person (subject of video story) speaking with the audio syncing with their lips

A photographer can choose to photograph a subject at eye level, or from below eye level looking up at the subject, or from above eye level looking down at the subject. Explain how the vertical angle from which a photographer chooses to photograph a subject impacts a viewer's perception of the subject

A vertical angle can impact a viewer's perception in a variety of ways. From below eye level looking up, it gives the feeling that the subject is superior or larger and more important. From a subject at eye level, it gives the feeling that the viewer and the subject are of equal value. When the the angle is from above eye level looking down, it gives the feel that the subject is inferior, smaller or less important

Using a specific example of an image or images I showed in lab, briefly discuss how the digital manipulation, i.e., use of computer software to change the content of the photograph(s), raised ethical concerns. Be specific about how the image(s) was/were manipulated and cite one of the ethics guides posted on Slack as you reference the ethical issue(s)

An image showed in lab of OJ Simpson can be seen as digital manipulation. OJ's face on the cover of Newsweek depicts his mugshot, seemingly unaltered and is there just to be the face of the story. However, TIME manipulated his skin to be darker, which makes him look blurry and unkempt. In the NPPA Code of Ethics, it states, "Editing should maintain the integrity of the photographic images' content and context. Do not manipulate images or add or alter sound in any way that can mislead viewers or misrepresent subjects." This is exactly what TIME Magazine did.

During a video interview, the subject should look where?

At you

What is B Roll and what purpose does it serve in a video story?

B roll is the video, images, etc that do not need to be linked to sound. They're the visual component to represent what the speaker is talking about

You're interviewing a Defense Department official for an audio story about the winding down of American involvement in Afghanistan. Which of the following questions is better and why? a) "Is the Pentagon doing enough to provide armor to US troops, or should the top officers be pushing for more money?" b) "What do you think should be done to maximize the safety of US troops in Afghanistan?"

B. Not as pointed and allows for an answer that won't get the defense department official for speaking out negatively about American involvement. Avoid questions that can be answered simply as yes or no

Why is maintaining consistent screen direction important?

Changing positions from one side to the other will create editing problems in the future as it will look like the subjects themselves switches side

In 2007, did US federal courts dismiss or uphold a suit by the father of a National Guard soldier killed in Iraq when the father claimed that published photographs of his son's open casket invaded the family's privacy?

Dismiss

In addition to the ambient sounds of doctors, medics and patients talking with one another and the clamor of a busy operating room, what were the most important sounds the reporter and photographer recorded in Iraq for the LA Times piece, "The Lifeline?"

Doctors and nurses talking about the patient about lacerations and observations of the patient, the beeping of a heart monitor, the patients asking if they will need facial reconstructive surgery and asking about their recovery processes Audio recordings of the actual words of wounded soldiers calling home to their families to tell them what had happened

Briefly explain the courts' reasoning in this decision

Due to the fact that the funeral was open to the public and the press and that the father chose to have an open casket where anyone could walk up. Therefore, the court reasoned that the soldiers' family opened up the funeral to the public eye

During an interview you should:

Guide the interview by using a list of topics and questions and Be open to how your subject's answers provide you with unanticipated opportunities for follow up questions

Briefly explain how the quote in the answer above applies to journalism

In journalism, it is crucial to be prepared for whenever you're reporting and shooting because if you try to report on a subject without an outline or idea will not produce a newsworthy story

From a reader/viewer's perspective, why is it important for a photojournalist to include images with the variety of angles you listed above in a photo story or photo sequence? How does doing so benefit to the viewing audience?

It provides a different scene of the story and creates a deeper story for the viewer instead of a singular type of shot. The more individual shots a sequence contains, the more visually exciting it is to the audience

Nick Ut's photograph of Kim Phuc fleeing her village after it had been attacked with napalm by the South Vietnamese Air Force won the Pulitzer Prize in what year?

It was shot in 72, won the award in 73

In telling a story, why is it important to look for answers to what Kobre calls "The 'Why' Question"?

It's a demonstration of process and how the story comes together as well as builds tension into the stories/characters. The why gets beyond process and addresses the character's internal thoughts and motivations

In Stretch's Six Strategies for Storytelling Success, what does the term "Learn" refer to?

Learn about your subject and taking everything in so you can build an angle. You can't have a story if you're not constantly learning about newsworthy and timely subjects

Please list Stretch's Six Strategies for Successful Multimedia Journalism in their most logical order

Learn, seek out, observe, recognize, commit, record

In terms of the first and fourth amendments, public officials and public figures generally enjoy privacy protections that are greater than, less than or the same as those of ordinary citizens?

Less than

Briefly describe the term "rule of thirds" and explain why it's important in photography

Mentally divide the frame into thirds horizontally and vertically. Then you place your elements along the lines with the center of interest at one of the four points where the lines cross. The rule of thirds is important in photography because it makes the subject of the photo more pleasing to look at it and places more emphasis on the subject

Kobre mentions several interviewers as exemplary of the craft. Name one

NBC's Bob Costas

During an interview, you should position yourself so your face is where in relation to the lens?

Next to the lens

The basic interview shot includes the subject's head and shoulders and...

Not much else

Generally, the longer an Internet video's run time the more likely the audience will

Not watch the whole thing

NPR's Barbara Bradley Haggerty compares reaching out to sources for a story to:

Putting out several lines while fishing

Courts constantly redefine what is private based upon interpretations of the elusive legal standard of a "_________________ ___________________________ of privacy."

Reasonable expectation

Match the writing terms with their analogous multimedia terms

Sentence = shot Paragraph = sequence Chapter = scene

The reading uses the term "Boil It Down" to describe what I've referred to as a "distillation process." Please briefly give an example of distillation in the physical sciences, then describe how the term applies to telling a good multimedia story

Separating saltwater to create pure water and pure salt. This can apply to a good multimedia story as we should get to the essence of the story, what is most important in the mixture of media that can be taken away by the audience

According to Kobre, nothing screams "AMATEUR!" more than what kind of footage on screen?

Shaky

You're interviewing a NASA official for an audio story. Which of the following interview questions is better and why? a) "Does the human space program still have the support of the American public?" b) "How do you determine how much public support there is for the human space program?"

The answer is B. For multimedia, we need an expansive answer, not just a yes/no answer. We want to get the yes/no, but we need to get that information presented to the interviewer in a narrative way rather than a yes/no way. This was covered in chapter 4 of the NPR book

In audio journalism, a "dead cat" is another word for what?

The furry part of the microphone as an optional windscreen, a wind screen

A television news broadcast about a judge who was given the lowest rating possible in a poll of attorneys included footage of him leaving his home. Why did the judge's intrusion claim fail in Aisenson v. American Broadcasting Co?

The judge's intrusion claim failed because ABC argued that they were entitled to judgment as a matter off law due to its publication of the results of the voting poll which is protected by state and federal constitutions. The judge argued there was defamation but there is no evidence that the false statements were aired

Briefly discuss what you consider to be the most important lesson you derive from the video, "How Genius Works," about photographer Sam Abell. Use at least one direct quote from the video

The most important lesson is to never rush the process of your project even if it takes, as Sam Abell states, "minutes, hours, days, or even months" to produce a piece and then explained how one process took him a year and a half. Rushing the process would be rushing the development of the idea you're trying to convey through your image when it is supposed to be a natural process where you also search for the meaning of your idea as well

Novelist E.L. Doctorow said that great writing conveys "not the fact that it is raining, but the feeling of being rained upon." Citing a specific piece of multimedia we've discussed in class (photo(s), video or audio story) as an example, explain what Doctorow means

The multimedia of NPR's Scott Simon explains that great storytelling includes vivid details but not too many or else the message can get lost in the words. The whole point is to make the reader feel like they can see the story in their head so you have to give them something to remember like creating a feelings as the novelist's quote explains

Great photographs often go beyond depicting a current event and echo societal constructs, cultural icons or works of art. Using a photograph we examined this week as an example, briefly explain how you feel it does this

The naked girl running out of the Vietnamese village, it went beyond depicting war and conflict, it showed human tragedy in a really raw form which can be powerful for other citizens in other countries to see

we discussed a photo story, "No Greater Love," by the inimitable Carol Guzy of The Washington Post. Of the universal themes Carol works with in that story, what is the one you find most salient? Choose one or two photos from the story and describe how it embodies your answer

The theme of desperation stands out to me especially when Classie's voice can be heard breaking when she's almost begging her sister to drink fluids which is the first image. The audio embodies that sadness on Classie's face in the photograph and the blank almost dead face of her sister. Around a minute and 42 seconds, there's an image of Classie cuddling her sister's head who is completely not there but the sadness and desperation on her face fits the theme, shes desperately talks about how well she takes care of her sister and how much she loves her. It shows her desperation to cling onto her sister's love.

What was the name of the village?

Trang Bang

Give a clear example of a topic and, then, a story that might be possible story within that topic

Transitioning from male to female- my close friend Alex Bacon transitioning to her new name Alice Bacon. LGBTQ issues

What are Grace's Five Sound Rules?

Where Use headphones Monitor volume Vomit Speak kindly Control your body

According to Ken Kobre, harsh sunlight is rarely flattering at what time of day?

at the noon hour

There are two parts of a story do viewers tend to remember. Name the other

beginning

There are two parts of a story do viewers tend to remember. Name one

ending

One key to effective multimedia storytelling is to make sure that the focus of your story is ________________ enough. (Again, one word...)

narrow or tight or similar

Which of these five shots is commonly used to provide a viewer with a sense of place for the story?

wide shot

Please list the five shots of the Five Shot Formula

wide shot, medium shot, close up shot, POV shot, reaction shot

The derogatory term Kobre used to describe the random inclusion of unrelated video to cover timeline space is called: (correct answer is one word)

wallpaper